KNOWLEDGE

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B remains a major global public health problem, particularly in low- and middle-income countries such as Nigeria, where it contributes significantly to chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite the availability of an effective vaccine, poor knowledge of the infection and its vaccine, as well as low vaccine uptake, continue to sustain transmission. AIM: This study assessed knowledge of the Hepatitis B vaccine, vaccination uptake, associated factors, and barriers to uptake of the vaccine among young adults in Benin City, Edo State. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 543 respondents selected using a multistage sampling technique. Data was collected using a pretested structured interviewer and self-administered questionnaire covering socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of Hepatitis B virus infection, knowledge of the Hepatitis B vaccine, vaccination status, and factors associated with these outcomes. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 27.0. Univariate analysis summarized means, frequencies, and percentages. Bivariate analysis using chi-square tests determined associations between socio-demographic factors and respondents’ knowledge of Hepatitis B infection, knowledge of the vaccine, and vaccination uptake. Binary logistic regression identified predictors of good vaccine knowledge and full vaccination status. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05, and results were presented in prose and tables. RESULTS: A total of 543 individuals took part in the study. The mean age of participants was 21.0 ± 2.8 years and 302 (55.6%) were females. Overall, 99 (24.6%) respondents had good knowledge of Hepatitis B virus infection, while 303 (75.4%) had poor knowledge. Regarding knowledge of the Hepatitis B vaccine, 50 (16.9%) had good knowledge, while 246 xv (83.1%) had poor knowledge. At the bivariate level, respondents age (χ²=17.131, p= <0.001), sex (χ²=5.122, p= 0.024), monthly income (χ²=14.319, p= 0.001), and individuals with good knowledge of Hepatitis B infection (χ²=91.056, p= <0.001) were significantly associated with
knowledge of the vaccine. Older respondents, females, individuals with higher monthly income, and those with good knowledge of Hepatitis B infection were more likely to have good knowledge compared to their counterparts. Ethnic group, marital status, religion, employment status and occupation were not statistically significant. Multivariate analysis showed that respondents earning ≥₦70,000 were 2.467 times more likely to have good knowledge of the vaccine (95% CI: 0.909–6.698), while respondents with good knowledge of Hepatitis B infection were 45.414 times more likely to have good knowledge of the vaccine (95% CI: 12.092–170.561), this was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Regarding vaccine uptake, 33 (6.1%) respondents were fully vaccinated, 66 (12.2%) were partially vaccinated, and 444 (81.8%) were not vaccinated. Bivariate analysis showed that age (χ² = 36.067, p < 0.001), sex (χ² = 10.591, p = 0.005), knowledge of Hepatitis B infection (χ² = 105.384, p < 0.001), and knowledge of the Hepatitis B vaccine (χ² = 93.812, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with vaccination status. Respondents aged ≥25 years had the
highest proportion of full vaccination 12 (16.7%), while those aged <20 years had the highest proportion of non-vaccination 190 (92.2%). Females had a higher proportion of partial vaccination 49 (16.2%), while males had a higher proportion of non-vaccination 206 (86.7%). Among respondents with good knowledge of Hepatitis B infection, 27 (27.3%) were fully vaccinated compared to 5 (1.7%) among those with poor knowledge. Similarly, 21 (42.0%) respondents with good vaccine knowledge were fully vaccinated compared to 9 (3.7%) among those with poor knowledge. Multivariate analysis showed that respondents with good knowledge of Hepatitis B infection were 9.011 times more likely to be fully vaccinated (95% xvi CI: 1.962–41.393, p = 0.005), while those with good knowledge of the Hepatitis B vaccine were 5.618 times more likely to be fully vaccinated (95% CI: 1.813–17.410, p = 0.003).
CONCLUSION: Knowledge of Hepatitis B infection and its vaccine was generally poor among respondents, and vaccination uptake was suboptimal. However, better knowledge of the infection and vaccine significantly improved the likelihood of full vaccination. Strengthening health education and awareness campaigns through healthcare workers, schools, and media platforms is essential to improve knowledge and increase vaccine uptake among the population.

BACKGROUND: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming higher education globally, yet data on AI knowledge, perception, and usage among Nigerian university students remain limited. Understanding these factors is essential for effective curriculum integration and preparing students for an AI-driven workforce.
OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the knowledge, perception, and use of Artificial Intelligence among students of the University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 603 undergraduate students selected using multistage random sampling from six faculties. Data were collected using a structured pretested, self-administered questionnaire and analysed with IBM SPSS version 27. Associations between sociodemographic factors and knowledge/perception/use were tested using chi-square and logistic regression, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05 (95% CI). RESULTS: The mean age of respondents was 19.9 ± 2.87 years and majority were females 355 (58.9%). Overall, 340 (56.4%) demonstrated good knowledge of AI, while 427 (70.8%) held positive perceptions. High AI usage was reported by 329 (54.6%) respondents, with ChatGPT being the most commonly used platform 450 (32.8%). Significant predictors of good knowledge included female sex (OR = 1.980, p = 0.001), being in the Faculty of Medicine (OR = 14.069, p = 0.001), and higher academic level (OR = 1.717, p = 0.020). Positive perception was significantly associated with high AI usage (OR = 8.020, p < 0.001) and excellent internet access (p = 0.041). AI usage was significantly influenced by positive perception (OR = 2.087, p = 0.025), peer interest (OR = 0.423, p = 0.004), and access to online learning platforms (OR = 0.528, p = 0.037). The most common concerns about AI were that it

The research was on knowledge and perception of the radiographers on film-reporting in Edo State, Nigeria. The descriptive cross-sectional design was considered and data was collected through structured questionnaires that were conducted on 65 radiographers selected in a number of hospitals and diagnostic centres. The descriptive and inferential statistics were applied in analysing the data. The results showed that the majority of radiographers were well informed about the film reporting, and they acknowledged that it can enhance the efficiency of diagnostic procedures and patient care. Most of them gave favorable reports about the introduction of film reporting in radiographic practice and how it can help ease the workload of radiologists as well as improve their professional development. Nevertheless, the research has established some of the major obstacles like absence of formal training, policy support, medico-legal issues, and professional competition between radiographers and radiologists. The findings also indicated a significant role of academic background, workplace culture as well as radiographer support towards readiness to participate in film reporting. This paper concludes that radiographers in Edo state are informed, and eager to embrace the use of film reporting in case they are given proper training and enabling policies. It suggests that film reporting should be included in the radiography curriculum, the continuous professional development programs and the legal landscape should be clear to promote the safe and effective application of film-reporting practices in Nigeria.

The main purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the female undergraduate students of the university of Benin are aware of the breast self Examination, if they practice it, how often and how effectively they practice breast self examination. The research work began with a general background of the study, purpose, statement of the problem as well as the significant of the study. Relevant literature by various scholars reviewed on the knowledge of the BSE, benefit, effect, methods of carrying out BSE and predisposing factors of breast cancer. It went further in discussing factor that influence the practice of self breast examination .It went further to discuss the description of the procedures used in gathering data that are related to the research questions. In this third chapter of the research work, the proportionate sampling techniques was used, the use of questionnaires as one of the instrument used in the collections of data was applied by the researcher and the data were later analyzed from the respondents response. Lastly, conclusion and recommendation were made by the
researcher where it was deemed fit to recommend and suggestion were also made as regard to breast self examination among female students

This study was embarked upon to to examine the knowledge and practice of oral hygiene among undergraduates in the University of Benin. Four research questions were raised to guide this study. The descriptive research design was used for this study and the population consisted of 47,468 students as of the 2023/2024 academic session (Student Affairs Division, 2024). A total of two hundred and ninety-nine (299) undergraduate students were selected. The instrument used for data collection was a well- structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was validated by the project supervisor and two other lecturers in the Department of Health, Safety and Environmental Education. The test-retest reliability was used to establish the reliability of the questionnaire. A total of two hundred and ninety-nine (299) questionnaires were administered to the sample respondents and data collected was analyzed using frequency count and percentage. Based on the data collected and analyzed, it was discovered that the respondents have a high of knowledge about oral hygiene, also the respondents have a high level of knowledge about the importance of oral hygiene. However, the respondents have bad attitudes towards oral hygiene and the respondents have poor oral hygiene practices. It was concluded that undergraduates' oral hygiene practices are greatly influenced by their knowledge and that ongoing efforts in education, awareness campaigns, and dental service accessibility are necessary to ensure that students not
only maintain optimal oral health throughout their academic careers but also form lifelong habits that enhance their overall quality of life. It was recommended that the University should collaborate with health organizations and dental professionals to organize regular oral health seminars, workshops, and campaigns to improve students' knowledge of proper oral hygiene practices, oral health education can be incorporated into general health courses for undergraduates to provide them with foundational knowledge on the importance of oral hygiene and preventive care, focused health education initiatives to close the knowledge-practice gap and encourage students to adopt healthier oral hygiene practices should be provided, the University Health Center should offer affordable and accessible dental care services, including routine check-ups, professional cleaning, and consultations to encourage students to seek preventive care regularly and campaigns using posters, flyers, social media platforms, and other communication channels should be conducted to inform students about the long-term consequences of neglecting oral health, such as gum disease, tooth decay, and systemic health issues

Self-medication, defined as the use of medication without medical consultation, is prevalent among women of reproductive age globally and presents notable heath concerns. This study assess the knowledge, practices and influencing factors of self-medication among women aged 15-49 in Uselu Community, Benin City, Nigeria. Using a descriptive cross-sectional design, data were gathered from 323 respondents through a structured questionnaire, with findings analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results revealed that 86.69% of respondents had prior knowledge of self-medication, often acquired from internet/social media, family, and friends. Despite this awareness, 95.67% had engaged in self-medication within the past year, primarily for minor ailments such as headaches, menstrual pain, and other minor ailments. Analgesics (41.17%) and antibiotics (39.32%) were the most commonly used drugs, with many respondents self-medicating frequently. Influential factors included financial constraints, convenience, ease of access to over-the-counter medications, and long wait times at healthcare facilities. Additionally, social and cultural factors played a role, as family influence and traditional beliefs often guided self-medication practices. This study highlights significant risks associated with this practice, including adverse drug reactions, potential for antimicrobial resistance, and complications in pregnancy, thereby underscoring the need for educational interventions.Recommendations include increasing awareness of the dangers of unsupervised medication use and strengthening regulatory frameworks to limit easy access to potentially harmful drugs. This research study contributes to public health by emphasizing the need for targeted health education and accessible healthcare services to mitigate the adverse effects of selfmedication within this demographic. Keywords: Self-medication, knowledge, women of reproductive age, Nigeria, practice

Background/Aim: Physical activity (PA) is vital for health promotion, yet its knowledge, ttitudes, and practices (KAP) remain sub-optimal among university students globally. his study aimed to assess the KAP of physical activity among undergraduate students at the University of Benin and explore barriers to their engagement. Methods: A descriptive ss-ectional study design was employed, and data were collected through structured questionnaires distributed to 398 undergraduate students. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and a validated KAP tool were used to assess physical activity levels, knowledge, attitudes, and practices respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The study revealed that 61% of participants had w knowledge of physical activity, while only 8.3% demonstrated high knowledge. Most articipants (73.1%) engaged in moderate activity, while 18.1% were inactive, and 8.8% engaged in high levels of physical activity. Misconceptions persisted, with 19.6% perceiving physical activity as potentially harmful. Lack of time (84.7%) and motivation 2.8%) ere the most reported barriers to engagement. Gender and academic level significantly influenced physical activity practices (p < 0.05), with male and lower-level students participating more actively. Conclusion: Knowledge and practices of physical activity among students were sub-optimal, with notable misconceptions and barriers influencing engagement. Targeted health education campaigns, accessible activity programs, and institutional support are essential to addressing these gaps and promoting physical activity among students.

Background: The prevalence of mental health disorders is on the rise, significantly impacting health, social dynamics, and human rights, and causing substantial consequences globally. Among these mental health challenges, depression stands out as a pervasive issue, especially affecting university students. Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the knowledge, prevalence, and influencing factors related to depression among undergraduate students at the University of Benin in South-South Nigeria. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted at the University of Benin, Nigeria, aimed to assess depression among full-time undergraduate students. Utilizing a multi- stage sampling technique, 460 students were selected. Data collection involved a structured questionnaire covering socio-demographics, knowledge of depression, prevalence (using PHQ-9), and associated factors. Ethical considerations were addressed, including confidentiality measures. Results will contribute to understanding the prevalence of depression and associated factors among university students. Results: The ages of respondents were between 15-39 years and 269 (58.5%) of respondents were within the age group of 20-24 with the mean age being 23.5. More than half 253(55.0%) of the respondents were females while males constituted 207 (45.0%) of the respondents. Among the respondents, 104 (22.6%) were in 200L, 120 (26.1%) in 300L, 119 (25.6%) in 400L, 78 (17.0%) in 500L and 39 (8.5%) in 600L. Overall knowledge score for depression was good (66%). There was a significant relationship between knowledge of depression and study level (χ 2 =9.533, p=0.048) of the respondents. The prevalence of depression among the respondents was 239 (52%). The risk factors that were 1 significantly related were alcoholism, use of psychoactive drugs, heartbreak, sexual abuse, poor interpersonal relationships with colleagues, financial problems, and death of a loved one, as well as long stay in school, previous personal and family history of depression, and failed examinations. Conclusion: The knowledge of depression among undergraduates is notably high, with a disturbing prevalence, with risk factors ranging from environmental, socioeconomic, medical, psychological, academic, and familial factors.

Refractive errors, including myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism, constitute a significant public health concern affecting visual well-being of individuals as well as the academic performance of pupils. Uncorrected refractive error, the second most common cause of preventable blindness globally places a heavy burden on individuals and the society. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of refractive errors among secondary school students in Egor Local Government Area (LGA). The study was carried out for a period of three month. A stratified random sampling method was used where students from the selected schools within Egor LGA were selected for the study. The sample size was 400 with a number of 151 females and 249 males. Data was collected using a well structured self-administered questionnaires. This questionnaire included demographic information and was further divided into three sections. The data collected were analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 22.0. Descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation) was used to
summarize the variables. Continuous variables was expressed as the mean ± standard deviation for those that displayed normal distribution. A total of 400 students participated in the study between the ages of 11 to 19years (mean age 16.07± 1.320). Majority of the participants was male (249) while the remaining where females (151). The results showed that those who had good knowledge about refractive errors was about 52.3% while those who had good attitudes to refractive errors was 44% and who with good practice of refractive errors was just 17.5% of the
respondents. In conclusion, the knowledge about refractive error was fair, attitude towards refractive error was good but the practices towards refractive error was poor.

Epilepsy, a chronic neurological disorder affecting millions globally, remains heavily stigmatized in
many societies, including Nigeria. Cultural misconceptions often associate epilepsy with supernatural
causes, significantly affecting the social integration and quality of life of those affected. Nurses, as
frontline healthcare providers, play a pivotal role in shaping public attitudes and delivering informed
care. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes of nursing students at the University of
Benin toward epileptic patients and examine the implications for patients' social well-being. A cross-sectional survey design was employed. A total of 281 nursing students across 200 to 500 levels were selected using proportionate stratified random sampling. Data was collected using a structured, self administered questionnaire covering demographics, knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of social impact. Results revealed that while a majority of students demonstrated good understanding of epilepsy as a brain disorder and expressed willingness to assist during seizures, gaps persisted in symptom recognition, treatment beliefs, and misconceptions about heredity and contagion. Attitudinal responses were mixed: most students supported inclusion and respect for epileptic patients, but hesitations were observed in sensitive areas like marriage and personal interaction. Notably, participants agreed that epilepsy impedes social experiences such as employment, education, and relationships. The study concludes that although nursing students exhibit moderate knowledge and generally positive attitudes, pockets of misinformation and stigma remain. It is recommended that nursing curricula integrate targeted modules on epilepsy, combining theory with practical exposure, to reinforce accurate knowledge and empathetic patient care. Enhancing education and advocacy through formal training will better equip future nurses to support social inclusion and reduce stigma against people living with epilepsy