DETERMINANTS

Background: Physical disabilities resulting from stroke, spinal cord injury (SCI), and traumatic brain injury (TBI) pose significant challenges to affected individuals, yet comparative assessments of these conditions remain limited in Nigeria. Understanding the determinants of disability in these populations is crucial for developing targeted rehabilitation strategies. Aims: This study aimed to compare the level of physical disability and its determinants among stroke survivors, SCI patients, and TBI patients, providing insights into their unique rehabilitation needs. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 60 participants (20 per group). Data on demographic and health variables were collected using structured questionnaires and validated tools, including the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). One-way ANOVA was used to identify significant differences among groups. Results: The mean age of participants was 56.27 ± 10.70 years, with a mean condition duration of 5.60 ± 6.85 years the average score for the general health status (GS) was 32.05 ± 9.0. The WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) had a mean score of 21.65 ± 13.6. WHODAS scores suggested moderate disability across groups, with SCI patients showing higher scores, although not statistically significant (p = 0.053). Cognitive function remained preserved across all groups, as evidenced by high MMSE scores (mean: 29.97). the mean PHQ score was 5.70. ±4.3, the mean for PSS was 18.95 ±6.3, the mean BBS was 28.62 ±24.27. Conclusion: SCI patients exhibit greater impairments in balance and mobility compared to stroke and TBI patients.

Background: The prevalence of mental health disorders is on the rise, significantly impacting health, social dynamics, and human rights, and causing substantial consequences globally. Among these mental health challenges, depression stands out as a pervasive issue, especially affecting university students. Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the knowledge, prevalence, and influencing factors related to depression among undergraduate students at the University of Benin in South-South Nigeria. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted at the University of Benin, Nigeria, aimed to assess depression among full-time undergraduate students. Utilizing a multi- stage sampling technique, 460 students were selected. Data collection involved a structured questionnaire covering socio-demographics, knowledge of depression, prevalence (using PHQ-9), and associated factors. Ethical considerations were addressed, including confidentiality measures. Results will contribute to understanding the prevalence of depression and associated factors among university students. Results: The ages of respondents were between 15-39 years and 269 (58.5%) of respondents were within the age group of 20-24 with the mean age being 23.5. More than half 253(55.0%) of the respondents were females while males constituted 207 (45.0%) of the respondents. Among the respondents, 104 (22.6%) were in 200L, 120 (26.1%) in 300L, 119 (25.6%) in 400L, 78 (17.0%) in 500L and 39 (8.5%) in 600L. Overall knowledge score for depression was good (66%). There was a significant relationship between knowledge of depression and study level (χ 2 =9.533, p=0.048) of the respondents. The prevalence of depression among the respondents was 239 (52%). The risk factors that were 1 significantly related were alcoholism, use of psychoactive drugs, heartbreak, sexual abuse, poor interpersonal relationships with colleagues, financial problems, and death of a loved one, as well as long stay in school, previous personal and family history of depression, and failed examinations. Conclusion: The knowledge of depression among undergraduates is notably high, with a disturbing prevalence, with risk factors ranging from environmental, socioeconomic, medical, psychological, academic, and familial factors.

Sports facilities and equipment are key in ensuring proper training and improving the performance levels of athletes and other sports participants. This study was carried out to assess the provision and utilisation of sports facilities as determinants of success in selected competitive sports. The University of Benin was selected as the study area and the adequacy and quality level of
available facilities and equipment for various sports was assessed. The survey research design was employed and data was collected from a total of 100 participants using structured questionnaires designed by the researcher. Data collected was analysed using simple frequencies and percentages and presented in tables. The results of the study revealed that inadequate facilities for sporting activities cause a lack of interest in participation and that modification of certain equipment to suit the needs of the athlete can improve performances. It has also been revealed that supervision of training using facilities, maintenance and repair of equipment contribute to better performance in competitive sports. Generally, there is an indication that the availability of adequate sporting facilities and equipment is essential for success in competitive sports. The facilities for most sports were
judged to be inadequate. However, the quality of the available facilities was deemed to be generally good. Based on the findings of the study, it is therefore concluded that the provision
and utilisation of sports facilities is a determinant of success in selected competitive sports.

This study examined the determinants of entrepreneurial intention among fresh graduates in Edo State, Nigeria, using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) as the theoretical framework. Specifically, the study investigated the influence of personal attitude, perceived behavioural control, subjective norms, access to capital, and gender on entrepreneurial intention. A survey research design was adopted, and primary data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to 400 fresh graduates from universities, polytechnics, and collegesof edu cation in Edo State. A total of 384 valid responses were obtained, representing a 96% response rate. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis with the aid of SPSS version 26. The findings revealed that personal attitude, perceived behavioural control, subjective norms, access to capital, and gender all have significant positive effects on entrepreneurial intention. Among these variables, personal attitude and perceived behavioural control emerged as the strongest predictors of entrepreneurial intention, indicating that graduates’ perceptions, confidence, and self-efficacy play a crucial role in shaping their entrepreneurial aspirations. Subjective norms also significantly influenced intention, highlighting the importance of social support systems such as family and peers. Access to capital was found to be a critical enabling factor, although respondents expressed concerns regarding the ease of accessing financial resources. Gender showed a significant but relatively weaker influence, suggesting the persistence of moderate gender disparities in entrepreneurial participation. The study concludes that entrepreneurial intention among Nigerian graduates is driven by a combination of psychological, social, and financial factors. It recommends strengthening entrepreneurship education, improving access to finance, promoting supportive social environments, and implementing gender-inclusive policies to enhance entrepreneurial development among graduates. The study contributes to existing literature by extending the TPB framework to include access to capital and gender as important contextual factors in a developing economy