2024

Typhoid fever is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Salmonella enterica serotype typhi and is prevalent in numerous low- and middle-income countries around the world, including Nigeria. This study was carried out to determine typhoid prevalence among individuals in Orobosa Medical Centre and Graceville Medical Centre in Benin City, Nigeria. A total of 232 individuals took part in the study, with 116 for each medical centre. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire designed by the researcher and blood tests were used to determine whether participants were positive or negative for typhoid. Analysis of data was done using SPSS version 20 and Microsoft Excel 2016. From the results, participants were predominantly female and aged between 21 and 30 years. Most participants obtained drinking water from table water sources (90.52 % and 75.86 %, respectively). Headaches and fatigue were identified by participants as the most common symptoms of typhoid fever. The most common risk factors according to participants were proximity to insects feeding on faecal matter and consumption of raw fruits and vegetables. Typhoid prevalence in the study was 19.83% and 17.24% for Orobosa Medical Centre and Graceville Medical Centre, respectively. To drastically reduce the prevalence of typhoid fever, the following can be applied; public health education, community-based interventions and strengthening of surveillance systems.

For many Nigerian employees, salary and wages is a critical issue. They are decisive because without them in sufficient quantities, life becomes extremely precarious for the worker and members of his/her family. As direct financial rewards, wages and salaries is the most emphasized by the employee that it sort of takes a center stage in the scheme of things as far as reward for work is concerned. In the study methodology, the study adopts the survey research design, the population of study of this research is made up of the total number of Edo Internal Revenue Service (EIRS) staff which stands at an estimated population of 1358 workers made up of both junior and senior staff which includes both office staff and field workers. The sampling technique used for this study is the simple and probability sampling technique. Also, questionnaire was used as an instrument of data collection, while the techniques of data analysis was the simple percentage and chi square analytical method. The study found amongst others there are strong links between effective salary/wages administration and workers performance in EIRS. Furthermore, policy recommendations were adopted which include amongst others that, a well-structured reward system should be put in place in EIRS in order to enable employees to feel more valued and cherished in the organisation.

This study presents an integrated approach to reservoir delineation and prospect identification in the Indraz Field, onshore Niger Delta, utilizing 3D seismic data and well logs. The primary objective was to construct a robust static reservoir model by synthesizing structural interpretation with quantitative petrophysical and seismic attribute analysis. The methodology encompassed a comprehensive workflow within the Schlumberger Petrel software environment, including seismic to-well tie, fault and horizon mapping, depth conversion, and the extraction of key amplitude-based attributes (RMS, Maximum, Average, and Mean Amplitude). Well log analysis identified a laterally continuous reservoir sand, with fluid diagnostics confirming hydrocarbon presence in specific wells. Structural interpretation revealed a complex system of listric growth faults forming a fault-bounded anticlinal closure. Crucially, the integration of depth structure maps with seismic attribute anomalies identified three distinct prospects (A, B, and C). The analysis demonstrates a classic case of hydrocarbon bypass, where the primary accumulation (Prospect A) is located at the structurally highest crest of the anticline, separate from the existing well control which encountered the marginal accumulations (Prospects B and C). The prospects were ranked based on the conformance of strong amplitude anomalies to structural closure, with Prospect A being the highest-priority target. This research concludes that the integrated application of seismic structural and attribute analysis is indispensable for accurate reservoir characterization and de-risking exploration targets in the structurally complex settings of the Niger Delta, providing a clear strategy for future field development

Cavitation is a phenomenon that significantly impacts the performance, efficiency, and longevity of ship propellers, often leading to issues such as vibration, noise, erosion, and a reduction in propulsive efficiency. The motivation behind this study stems from the need to better understand the dynamics of cavitation bubbles and their effects on propeller performance to design more efficient and durable marine propulsion systems. As cavitation can cause damage to propeller blades and reduce fuel efficiency, addressing this issue is crucial for the advancement of ship design, particularly in terms of material selection, propeller geometry, and operational strategies. The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of cavitation-induced bubbles on ship propellers using advanced computational tools, thereby providing insights that could guide future propeller designs and enhance maritime operational efficiency. To achieve this, the study employs ANSYS simulation tools, specifically its Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) module, to model and simulate the behavior of cavitation bubbles in proximity to the propeller. The simulations use a multiphase flow model that includes both the liquid and vapor phases, allowing for the simulation of bubble formation, growth, and collapse under various operating conditions using the vp1304 as the propeller model. The study examines different parameters such as propeller rotational speed, fluid velocity, water temperature, and turbulence levels. The simulation environment is built on realistic physical conditions, using detailed mesh generation to accurately capture the complex flow behavior round the propeller blades. ANSYS Fluent's cavitation model is used to simulate bubble dynamics, with a focus on evaluating pressure distributions, vortex shedding, and velocity gradients. The results of the simulations reveal that cavitation has a profound effect on the hydrodynamic performance of the propeller. Areas of the propeller subjected to low-pressure conditions were found to experience intense cavitation, leading to significant performance degradation, including thrust loss, decrease in torque, decrease in the overall efficiency of the model. Additionally, the simulations suggest that optimizing propeller blade shape and operating conditions could mitigate the detrimental effects of cavitation. The findings highlight the importance of considering cavitation dynamics during the design phase and provide a roadmap for improving propeller efficiency, reducing cavitation damage, and enhancing the overall performance of marine propulsion systems.

This study examines Intergovernmental Relations (IGR) within the Nigerian federal system, focusing on the interactions among the federal, state, and local governments as a determinant of effective governance. It is premised on the understanding that the health and stability of a federal state depend largely on the quality of relationships among its component units. The study explores how increasing societal complexity and governance demands have encouraged greater integration of governmental functions, resource sharing, and joint policy implementation across levels of government.
Anchored on the provisions of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999, particularly sections 2(2) and 3(1), which define Nigeria as a federation comprising 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory, the study highlights the evolving nature of federalism in Nigeria. It observes a gradual shift from strict constitutional autonomy of federating units toward a more centralized and bureaucratic administrative structure driven by national planning and coordination needs.
The study concludes that while enhanced intergovernmental collaboration promotes efficiency and national cohesion, it also raises concerns about the dominance of the central government and the erosion of classical federal principles. It recommends a balanced approach that strengthens cooperation while preserving the autonomy of federating units to ensure effective and sustainable governance in Nigeria.

This study examined analysis of the level of parents involvement on
students’ academics in public secondary schools in Ovia North East Local
Government Area of Edo State. In order to achieve the objectives of the
study, four research questions were raised . The population of this study consist of the twenty-eight (28) public secondary schools in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State with a total of 5973 (JS2) students. The population of this study consist of the twenty-eight (28) public secondary schools in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State with a total of 5973 (JS2) students. The
instrument for this research was a structured questionnaire titled “Level of
Parents Involvement Questionnaire (LPIQ), The instrument was validated by
the supervisor. Data collected for research question were analyzed using
mean and standard deviation The findings from the research questions showed that there is a high level of parents involvement in students academics, examination, course work and co-curricular activities in public secondary schools in Ovia North East Local Government of Edo State. Based on the findings it was recommended
that parents who are not involved in their children education should be
constantly sensitized while those who are involved should be encouraged to
continue doing so.

This study examined analysis of the level of parents involvement on students’ academics in public secondary schools in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, four research questions were raised . The population of this study consist of the twenty-eight (28) public secondary schools in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State with a total of 5973 (JS2) students. The population of this study consist of the twenty-eight (28) public secondary schools in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State with a total of 5973 (JS2) students. The instrument for this research was a structured questionnaire titled “Level of Parents Involvement Questionnaire (LPIQ), The instrument was validated by the supervisor. Data collected for research question were analyzed using mean and standard deviation The findings from the research questions showed that there is a high level of parents involvement in students academics, examination, course work and co-curricular activities in public secondary schools in Ovia North East Local Government of Edo State. Based on the findings it was recommended that parents who are not involved in their children education should be constantly sensitized while those who are involved should be encouraged to continue doing so.

The study was carried out to determine “Gender differences in the psychosocial adjustment of secondary school for single parenting in Egor local government area, population for the study consist of two thousand seven hundred and sixty (2760) SSII
students from the 14 public senior secondary schools in Egor local government area of Edo state. the sample size selected for this study is two hundred and seventy six (276) SSII students which is 10% of the total population, selected randomly using simple
random sampling technique. The instrument for the study was a question on gender differences in the psychosocial adjustment of secondary school for single parSenting in Egor Local Government Area . To ensure the reliability of the instrument, the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Co-efficient was used in and a co-efficient value of 0.89 was obtained. The data collected were analyzed using PPMC statistics. Findings from the study revealed that;Female students from single-parent households tend to exhibit better academic performance compared to their male counterparts,male students from single-parent households experience higher levels of emotional distress or behavioral problems compared to their female counterparts,Female students are more likely to seek and receive social support from peers, teachers, and extended family members compared to male students. This gender difference in social support networks could contribute to variations in psychosocial adjustment, with females potentially demonstrating greater resilience,the following recommendations were made;There should be tailored support programmes targeting gender-specific needs: Recognize that male and female students may experience different psychosocial challenges due to single parenting. Implement support programmes that address these unique needs, whether it's mentorship for boys or empowerment workshops for girls,There should be regular gender-sensitive counseling sessions: Introduce regular counseling sessions within schools that are sensitive to gender differences. These sessions can provide a safe space for students to discuss their concerns, explore coping strategies, and build resilience in the face of psychosocial challenges.

This study examined the adoption and implication of digitalization on accounting practices in Nigeria. This study made use of a casual comparative research design, this design was employed to aid the investigation and survey analysis of this study variables which are ex post facto in comparing the variables. The data analysis involved the use of frequency, percentage, descriptive statistics, and simple linear regression to examine the data and assess the hypotheses. The significance level considered was set at 5%. Additionally, Cronbach's Alpha statistics were applied to evaluate the data's reliability for this research. Findings from the study revealed that audit purchase (AP) was found to produce an increase output result with digitalization having a positive impact of 0.023 (23%) and 0.000 P-value proving it to be statistically significant at 0.005 (95%), tax services performance was found to have an increasement of 17.1% when digitalization is adopted showing that digitalization has a significant impact at 0.000 confidence interval when measuring at 5%, digitalization was also found to help in promoting efficiency in financial advisory performance with the test showing an improved (26.6%) and 0.000 P-value proving it to have a significant effect at 5% confidence level, and efficiency, accountability and compliance in accounting practices which is one of the fundamental aims of accounting profession was found to improve with digitalization with 89.4% percent and 0.000 P-value. This shown a positive and significant impact of digitalization on this variable. The study recommended that since digitalization has a significant impact on audit purchase, digitalization should be given more merit and emphasis by organization to promote more of electronical sales and purchase records, sales and purchase software and template should be put in place by accounting bodies to promote use of digital keeping of invoices, receipt and most especially digital stock valuation to help improve automatic calculating audit purchases tool, and tax service performance which in past 10 years have been a supportive economy driven tools for government revenue creation. There has been different introduction of tools by government in improving tax administrative service performance and promoting tax payer’s compliance. Since the finding shows that digitalization has a positive impact on improving tax services performance government should tend to input more digital tools into their tax tools in promoting the administrative performance.

This study investigates the role of entrepreneurship in the economic development in Enugu State, Nigeria. Utilizing a survey research method, data were systematically collected from entrepreneurs, chief executives, managers, and senior staff of five selected small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) out of a total of 18 firms operating within the sector. The research involved a comprehensive methodology, including the administration of structured questionnaires . The sample size of 293 was determined using Taro Yamane’s formula and distributed proportionally among the firms to ensure fair representation. Validity and reliability of the research instruments were established through content validity and a test-retest method, yield in gareliability coefficient of 0.87. Data analysis was conducted using frequency tables, chi-square, and F-test statistical methods to test the hypotheses. The findings revealed significant contributions of SMEs to economic development through local raw material utilization, value addition for export, and adherence to business ethics. The study recommends the establishment of a strict policy framework to enhance entrepreneur-government partnerships, focusing on finance, skill development, and strategic alliances. It also suggests the need for a pragmatic industrial policy to address globalization challenges, prioritizing support for the SME sector, and providing accessible information through agencies like SMEDAN. Contributions to knowledge include highlighting the prerequisites for economic growth, the impact of entrepreneurship on economic development, the importance of government support, and the role of entrepreneurs in exploring untapped economic areas. Future research directions are suggested to examine the impact of entrepreneurship on employment and youth empowerment, the contributions of NERFUND to entrepreneurial development, and the implications of inadequate managerial skills and limited access to finance on the sustainability of entrepreneurial ventures in Nigeria.