Maintaining steady blood glucose levels is essential for metabolic balance and overall health. This study explores the potential of bitter kola, a rich source of bioactive compounds, to regulate blood sugar levels. Despite the global prevalence of diabetes mellitus, research on the acute and sub-acute impacts of bitter kola on blood glucose levels remains limited. The research utilizes various approaches, including testing for acute toxicity, evaluating normal blood sugar levels, and conducting anti-diabetic experiments on rats. It found that administering ethanol extracts of bitter kola at doses up to 5000 mg/kg is safe and can lower blood glucose levels in both normal and diabetic rats, indicating its potential in managing hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus, comparable to the standard drug Glibenclamide. Moreover, the extract illustrated possible liver protection abilities and showed a positive influence on lipid levels, notably lowering cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL levels. Crucially, it didn't negatively affect kidney tissue, indicating its safety. These results emphasize the potential of bitter kola as a natural dietary approach in managing diabetes, providing optimism for better blood sugar control and overall health.

Solvent- impregnated sorbent extraction of tantalum is reported. Tantalum was effectively extracted with 3500C carbonized and activated with 0.5 M hydrofluoric acid and impregnated with methyl isobutyl ketone from hydrofluoric acid leached tantalite ore. The transport study of tantalum ions through a supported solvent-impregnated based sorbent (coconut shell) has been carried out using a design expert (RSM). Factors affecting extraction of tantalum was studied via pH, temperature and contact time is discussed. The final extracts of tantalum complex were directly inserted after color development in the spectrophotometer for absorbance measurement which enhances the sensitivity. It was observed that at a pH of 1, a temperature of 28oC and at a contact time of 5 minutes, the percentage (%) tantalum extraction was decreased to 53.37% and it was observed that at a pH of 1, an increased temperature of 68oC and at a contact time of 30 minutes, the percentage (%) tantalum extraction was increased to 91.55%. The sorbent under study can therefore be used as alternative in order to reduce the high cost of conventional adsorbent used in extraction management.

The main purpose of the project was to design a 3.5KVA inverter which makes use of both solar and mains or grid supply for charging the batteries. This is to reduce the frequency of power outages experienced in our homes and businesses.

The project was carried out with the use of two 12V batteries connected in series to give a total of 24V DC which would serve as input for the inverter when on inverting mode and give an output of 220V AC for household appliances. Incorporated within the inverter was load control features, such that when the inverter stops charging and starts inverting, at a particular battery level set by the user, the heavy loads would be cut off while supply of power to the light loads continues. But when critical battery level is reached the light loads are also cut off and the inverter shuts down. This was done using Microcontroller in controlling relays which either powers on the load or cuts off the load when the battery is low. The proposed inverter design has two outputs through which load management was achieved. One of the outputs is designated to light loads and the other to heavy loads.

The Microcontroller DSPIC30F4012 controls the load stage which can be programmed through the keypad to monitor the output power to the loads in output one and two, to ensure they do not draw power beyond the limits programmed by the user. To achieve this, the Microcontroller cuts off either of the outputs which exceed the set limit. The project was successful and the test results obtained was satisfactory. The inverter's operation was consistent with the design and the desired control of power consumption and power management was achieved.

A victim is a person who suffers harm due to the criminal actions of another individual. Acts that victimize people are often considered crimes by the law, therefore these actions are punishable by the state. Nigeria has always prosecuted criminals, but it is only recently that Nigeria started to actively protect victims. A victim has to travel down the various channels of the criminal justice system with the first point of call being the law enforcement officers. A bystander on the outside may think that the pursuit of justice is all rosy for victims of crime, but that is not the case in reality. When Nigeria established the ACJA and VAPPA, victim protection laws were introduced to provide rights to victims as they seek justice. Victims have a role to play in the prosecution of their attackers, albeit a very minimal one. This is because the state prosecutes the accused, not the victim. Victims are relegated to mere witnesses throughout the prosecution. They do not have much say in the prosecution of their accused offenders. The case is left to the discretion of the prosecuting counsel with the hope that he executes it properly. The choices and opinions of victims are never taken into consideration, hence the feeling of hopelessness that victims often feel while seeking justice. The Nigerian criminal justice system easily neglects the victim despite the laws present in ACJA and VAPPA and focuses on the prosecution of accusers. This has an impact on the experience of victims. By default, victims and the general public do not have faith in the criminal justice system. By reviewing the legal frameworks in Nigeria and why they fall short in comparison to those present in the U.S. and U.K., we can identify its weak points. This is the first step in creating a more victim-sensitive and victim-focused justice system as well as creating a fertile ground for victim advocacy and victim support institutes.

This study investigates the relationship between Social Entrepreneurship (SE) and Community Resilience (CR), addressing a recognized gap in the existing literature. Social entrepreneurship is defined as the simultaneous pursuit of economic, social, and environmental goals by enterprising ventures, providing practical, innovative responses to unmet societal needs. Community resilience refers to the collective ability of a community to anticipate, absorb, accommodate, or recover from the effects of hazardous events, particularly in the context of increasing climate change impacts globally and in developing countries like Nigeria. The research focuses on the impact of three key aspects of social entrepreneurship—intention, self-efficacy, and outcome expectation—on community resilience. The study is guided by the following objectives: To examine the relationship between social entrepreneurship intention and community resilience. To investigate the relationship between social entrepreneurship self-efficacy and community resilience. To evaluate the relationship between social entrepreneurship outcome expectation and community resilience. The study posits null hypotheses suggesting no significant relationship for each of the specific objectives. Conducted in Ekosodin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria, from February to April 2024, the findings are anticipated to significantly contribute to the field of social change. Specifically, the results are expected to enhance the capacity of social entrepreneurship managers to measure and report social outcomes, potentially boosting investor confidence and facilitating greater financial resources for scaling their services and improving social results. The research adopts a conceptual framework rooted in entrepreneurial intention theories, such as the Theory of Planned Behavior.

This study examines the impact of forensic audit and investigation on quoted deposit money institutions in Nigeria, with a focus on the effectiveness of these measures in detecting and preventing financial fraud. The banking sector is a critical component of Nigeria's economy, and the integrity of financial reporting is essential for maintaining investor confidence and promoting financial stability. Forensic audit and investigation have become increasingly important tools in the fight against financial fraud, as they provide a detailed examination of financial transactions and accounting records to identify potential irregularities. However, the effectiveness of these measures in the Nigerian context remains largely unexplored. Using a mixed-methods approach, this research combines both quantitative and qualitative data to investigate the impact of forensic audit and investigation on quoted deposit money institutions in Nigeria. Our sample consists of 20 quoted banks listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange, and we collect data on their financial performance, corporate governance characteristics, and forensic audit and investigation activities over a five-year period. Our findings suggest that forensic audit and investigation have a significant impact on the financial performance of quoted deposit money institutions in Nigeria. Specifically, we XII find that banks that undergo forensic audit and investigation experience a significant reduction in financial fraud, improved financial reporting quality, and enhanced governance structures. Additionally, our results indicate that forensic audit and investigation are effective in detecting and preventing financial fraud, particularly in case involving internal fraud and misappropriation of assets. Furthermore, our study reveals that the effectiveness of forensic audit and investigation is influenced by several factors, including the expertise and independence of forensic auditors, the scope and frequency of forensic audit and investigation activities, and the level of cooperation from bank management and regulators. this research provides valuable insights into the impact of forensic audit and investigation on quoted deposit money institutions in Nigeria, highlighting the importance of these measures in maintaining the integrity of financial reporting and promoting financial stability. Our findings have implications for bank regulators, audit committees, and internal auditors seeking to strengthen their oversight and control processes.

As a response to the compelling requirements of water scarcity, hygiene exposures, and accessibility issues in traditional urinary systems, the current research evolves and implements an economic, touch-free smart urinary system specifically designed for the
University of Benin Department of Mechanical Engineering (UNIBEN) Nigeria. The system features a door-operated system of magnetic reed switches and a pulse-regulated solenoid valve for hands-free operation, significantly reducing microbial transmission while achieving maximum water savings. Enclosed within a specially designed 7.2-foot galvanized steel housing, the system features a fixed-volume flush device (500 mL ± 2%) with 92% reduced water consumption compared to conventional 9-liter manual systems. Field and laboratory testing were characterized by outstanding performance, such as a 3% false trigger rate, 0.47 seconds response time, and Nigerian safety standard (SONCAP) and disability compliance. The users were 95% satisfied with enhanced hygiene and accessibility, particularly for motor-disability users. Economically, the system is a 4-month return on investment (ROI), with a yearly water cost saving of ₦4,910,625 and a maintenance saving of₦80,000, making it suitable for resource-poor settings.

Prioritizing simplicity, affordability, and scalability eschewing IoT dependencies of complexity—the project provides an Africa-wide template for sustainable sanitation in public facilities. Future research directions are suggested as solar integration, modular upgrades, and advocacy to ensure that national standards become compatible with water conservation goals. The innovation not only addresses UNIBEN's current infrastructural deficits but also global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of clean water, sanitation, and sustainable urban development.

The importance of Safety cannot be overemphasized. It has also been largely discovered that accidents that occur in the workshops have been linked with the disregard tor sleety skill and competencies to be possessed and practiced by concerned individuals. This study Was carried out to analyze and assess the Safety skills and competencies required of Industrial technical education students in Nigerian Universities using the University of Benin as a case study. The design adopted for the study was the descriptive survey research design. The target population of the study comprised all 100 to 400 level students in industrial technical education in the department of vocational and technical education in the University of Benin, 2019/2020 academic session, making up a total of one hundred and thirty-five (143) students. A Sample or fifty-seven (57) students representing forty percent (40 %) of the total population was drawn and used for the study. The structured questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection. Four research questions were X formulated for the study. In ensuring the validity of the research instrument, the instrument was submitted to the project supervisor who effected corrections tor further validation by two other experts before administering the questionnaire to the respondents. The corrections and suggestions were incorporated into the final draft of the instrument. The questionnaire was examined reliable using the internal consistency method, by employing Cronbach Alpha statistics. The reliability co-efficient (r) was obtained to be 0.72. Mean (X) and Standard Deviation (SD) were used to calculate and analyze the data from the questionnaire items to answer the research questions. The result of the study revealed that many safety skills are required by students in handling hand tools in the Industrial Workshop. These skills include ability to: select the right tools for the job, avoid using tools without handles, use insulated hand tools for electrical work; Give a tool to colleague through the handle etc. The result of the study also showed many safety skills that are required for operating machine tools in the Industrial Workshop. These include ability to: protect hands with gloves and wear safety shoes when operating portable tools and machines, wear approved eye protector when operating a power tool, test the power tool or machine for functionality before use, etc. The study revealed the personal protective equipment and material required by students in Industrial Technical Education which agree with Everett and Jenkins (2001) and ITF (2011) that such equipment include: Safety goggles; Fire extinguishers; Functional first aid box; Safety helmet; etc. Based on the findings of the study, some of the recommendations made include; Safety skills and competencies should be included in the curriculum of every technical course of study and at all educational levels, workshop/seminars should be regularly organized for Industrial Technical education teachers to acquaint them with the recent safety skills and competencies required by students for sate workshop practice and the National Board for Technical Education (NBTE) should incorporate safety skills and competencies in the curriculum as well as in the regulatory or quality assurance programme.

This paper gives an analysis of the reciprocating pump, a positive displacement pump. The reciprocating pump is a positive displacement pump that suctions and elevates liquid by displacing it with a piston or plunger while performing the reciprocating action in a tightly fitting cylinder. The project offers a portable positive displacement pump to show how fluids travel in a lab setting. The part consists of a scotch yoke mechanism driven by an electric motor, a piston, suction pipe, delivery pipe, suction valve, and a transparent plastic cylinder assembly.

This fabrication will show how a positive displacement pump operates throughout the suction and delivery strokes of each cycle of the pumping mechanism and gives a visual grasp of how it works. The pump was created with a high-precision aim for fluid movement by closely adhering to international standards throughout design and construction. The pump’s working designed speed is 15 rpm, and the piston’s stroke is 0.18 m long. Half of the pump plunger’s stroke length was represented by the crank radius. The height of the centre of the cylinder above the liquid surface is 0.5 m, and the height to which the liquid is raised above the centre of the cylinder Is 1 m. The practical operations were performed, and data was collected. The reciprocating pump principles were applied for the pressure head analysis during the suction and delivery strokes. The values generated were used in the computation analysis for the discharge, work done and the power required to drive the pump. The resulting analysis gave the discharge head of 3.6891m work done of 1.117727Nm/sec, and the power required to drive the motor of 60 W

ABSTRACT
This study sought to determine the influence of social media on aggressive behaviours of primary school pupils in oredo local Government area, Edo State. Four research questions guided the study. Adopting the descriptive survey research design, the study made use of 100 respondents both male and female from four selected primary schools. The research instrument used was validated by the supervisor in the institute of Education, necessary corrections were made before it was taken for administration. The instrument adopted was a structured questionnaire and the reliability of the instrument was ensured by using Pearson Product Moment Coefficients (Pearsum) reliability computation which yielded a Co- efficient index of 0.75. The questionaire was administered. Mean and standard deviation were used to analyze the data. Results obtained showed that social media (exposure to violent television programs, watching violent films, videos/video games as well as assessing different social sites) have a negative impact on pupils as it promotes aggressive behaviours among them. Recommendations were made among which is restructuring of academic contents in our primary schools to be more practical, fact-finding and problem solving rather than just theoretical to enable the adolescents who at this stage of life are filled with life and energy to direct their attention even at home more to their academic pursuit rather than sitting down for hours watching films and assessing various social sites.