NIL

The rising cases of public corruption within the West African Region involving a substantial proportion of the resources of the various States has become a transnational phenomenon that affects most West African societies and economies. It has threatened the political stability and security, weakened public institutions, undermined the rule of law and hindered sustainable development in most West African States. The affected States such as Nigeria, Cameroun, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Liberia, Mali and Ivory Coast concerned about the negative effects of corruption and impunity on the economic and social development of the African people, acknowledged the need to address the root causes of corruption in the African continent through preventive measures, the formulation of legislations, penal policies and other non-penal measures aimed at protecting the society against corruption. The African Union Convention on Preventing and Combating Corruption is the principal regional instrument in the continent and the West African region designed to combat public corruption through preventive measures that prohibit acts of corruption and corrupt practices. There is need for West African States to adopt measures that prohibit illicit enrichment, promote access to information and transparency in public offices and institutions, prosecution of corrupt public officials and other strategic measures such as confiscation and forfeiture of instruments and proceeds of corrupt practices, extradition in cases of trans-boarder corrupt practices within the territorial jurisdiction of two or more States. The principle of bank secrecy expounded by the International Standards on Combating Money Laundering and the Financing of Terrorism & Proliferation (FATF Recommendations) 2012 and the spirit of international cooperation are part of the anti-corruption measures that will be examined in the course of this research. The research shall also examine the benefits and effectiveness of the various penal and non-penal measures employed by West African States in their various jurisdictions in combating corruption with a view to determine the extent to which these measures adopted have been effective in addressing corrupt practices. The research shall then proceed to determine how anti-corruption measures can improve the financial health and economic development in West Africa. The concluding part of this research shall suggest possible ways or make recommendations on how anti-corruption measures can be improved through sincere commitment and adequate enforcement.

Fish is a vital source of dietary protein for many Nigerians, but domestic production has not kept pace with population growth, leading to increased reliance on imports. Traditional preservation methods like smoking play a key role in ensuring year-round availability, but also raise concerns around contaminants and health risks. This study investigates consumer preferences and perceptions regarding fresh versus smoked fish in Benin City, Nigeria. The background highlights that fish is highly perishable, requiring techniques like drying, smoking, freezing, and brining to extend shelf life. Smoking remains the dominant preservation method in Nigeria, offering benefits in accessibility and shelf-life, but also potential quality and safety issues. Limited research has explored consumer choices between
fresh and smoked fish products, especially in inland urban areas. This study assesses the extent to which cultural, economic, and health/safety factors influence consumer preferences for fresh versus smoked fish. It also identifies key demographic segments and their buying behaviors. Surveys will be conducted with fish consumers at major
markets and the university community in Benin City. The findings can provide important insights to help the fishing industry, retailers, and policymakers better meet evolving
consumer demand for fresh and processed fish products in Nigeria.

Tax is one of the major sources of government revenue in a country, collected from citizens, companies, and investors both within and outside the country. Tax refers to the revenue that is collected by the government to provide services and enhance the development of a country. Specifically, government utilizes tax proceeds to fund development programs, such as supplying public goods, defraying infrastructure cost, and creating a competitive trade and business regulation to assure social and economic maintenance. Thus, the role of tax in supporting the economy of a country is important.

ABSTRACT
This study sought to determine the influence of social media on aggressive behaviours of primary school pupils in oredo local Government area, Edo State. Four research questions guided the study. Adopting the descriptive survey research design, the study made use of 100 respondents both male and female from four selected primary schools. The research instrument used was validated by the supervisor in the institute of Education, necessary corrections were made before it was taken for administration. The instrument adopted was a structured questionnaire and the reliability of the instrument was ensured by using Pearson Product Moment Coefficients (Pearsum) reliability computation which yielded a Co- efficient index of 0.75. The questionaire was administered. Mean and standard deviation were used to analyze the data. Results obtained showed that social media (exposure to violent television programs, watching violent films, videos/video games as well as assessing different social sites) have a negative impact on pupils as it promotes aggressive behaviours among them. Recommendations were made among which is restructuring of academic contents in our primary schools to be more practical, fact-finding and problem solving rather than just theoretical to enable the adolescents who at this stage of life are filled with life and energy to direct their attention even at home more to their academic pursuit rather than sitting down for hours watching films and assessing various social sites.