EFFECTIVENESS

Traditional medicine has played a key role in world health in spite of great
advances observed in orthodox medicine in recent decades, traditional medicine still makes an important contribution to health care delivery system. These societies thus developed indigenous medical systems through
interactions with their environment to ensure the health needs of the people
were met. The World Health Organization estimated that 80% of the
developing countries depend on traditional medicine to meet their healthcare needs. Due to the increased use of herbal medicine, there is an urgent need for the appropriate systems of quality control in the practice as well as in the production and use of the medicines. The main objective of this study is to find out the perception and utilization of traditional medicine among residents of Benin city in Edo-State. The specific objectives of this study were: to ascertain the factors influencing the utilization of traditional medicine as perceived by Benin city residents; Ascertain how Benin city residents perceived the efficiency and effectiveness of traditional medicine in Benin city; to find out the challenges hindering the utilization of traditional medicine; and to measure the extent of utilization of traditional medicine among residents of Benin city. With the one-time cross-sectional study designed subsumed in survey research design both quantitative and qualitative data were collected from 400 respondents 5 interviewees respectively; they were analyzed using frequency and percentages tables, chat and the Spearman’s rho correlation statistical tools. A significant proportion of the population still patronizes traditional medicine due to its ability to explain the hidden cause of illness and consequently cure the illness. There is a significant relationship (p-value =0.00 <0.05) between affordability, cheapness and traditional medicine has stood the test of time and lower level of education, income status and certain age group of traditional medicine. The Functionalist theory and the Health Belief Model were used as a theoretical guide to examine the people’s perceptions towards the utilization of traditional medicine, the study further recommend that Effective and safe use of traditional medicine should be promoted in order to recognize traditional practitioners, as well as to train them to produce refined herbal medicines. Hence Traditional Medicine Practitioners should be properly trained to keep them updated with contemporary trends in the world of health and epidemiology

This research examines the role of Instagram as an advertising platform for promoting small-scale businesses. With its vast user base and visual-centric format, Instagram has become an increasingly popular medium for businesses to reach potential customers. This study presents the findings from a comprehensive field survey conducted in 2023, investigating the effectiveness of Instagram in business promotion, user perceptions, and the convenience of its advertising platform for buying and selling..The survey collected responses from 250 participants covering demographics, Instagram usage patterns, and attitudes towards the platform's role in business promotion. The results indicate a balanced gender distribution among respondents, with the majority falling between 15 and 30 years old. A significant portion of participants reported being single and having diverse educational qualifications. Regarding Instagram usage, the survey highlighted that approximately half of the respondents were frequently on the platform, with a significant percentage using it as a primary shopping destination. The findings further indicated that a notable proportion of respondents viewed Instagram as an effective platform for promoting small-scale businesses, emphasizing its impact in generating awareness and reaching potential customers. However, concerns about the authenticity of goods and services emerged, with almost half of the respondents expressing reservations about the platform's consistency in delivering what was advertised. Additionally, a considerable number of participants acknowledged that the effectiveness of Instagram in business promotion may be affected by factors like hacked social media accounts, raising questions about security and trustworthiness. Despite the mixed perceptions, the study revealed that Instagram's advertising platform is perceived as convenient for buying and selling, primarily attributed to its user-friendly interface, direct shopping features, and seamless integration with various payment options. In conclusion, Instagram has shown significant potential as an effective advertising platform for small-scale businesses, benefiting from its visual appeal and influencer marketing strategies. However, addressing concerns regarding authenticity and security will be critical in sustaining its effectiveness in the long term. The research provides valuable insights for businesses seeking to leverage Instagram's potential and lays the groundwork for future investigations into the evolving landscape of social media-driven business promotion.

In our pursuit of sustainable solutions to address environmental challenges, the treatment and reuse of wastewater have gained significant attention. The automobile industry, renowned for its substantial water consumption and discharge, has emerged as a focal point for exploring innovative approaches to wastewater management. This study investigates the potential applications, benefits, and challenges associated with utilizing automobile wastewater in construction activities. The scope of work involved collecting samples from car wash facilities, analyzing chemical and mineral properties, preparing concrete mixes, and conducting tests using both potable water and automobile wastewater. Laboratory tests on the automobile wastewater samples demonstrated that key parameters such as Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), chloride (Cl⁻), bicarbonate (HCO₃), and sulfate (SO₄) were within standard limits for concrete production. Notably, the setting time tests on cement molds revealed a significant 27.73% reduction in initial setting time and a 14.81% increase in final setting time using first wash compared to potable water. The use of second wash resulted in a more substantial 45.38% decrease in initial setting time and a modest 3.70% increase in final setting time. Slump tests correlated detergent concentration with higher values for the first wash. However, the compression tests on concrete indicated a decrease in strength, with a 35.96% reduction at 28 days against first wash and a more significant 54.75% reduction against second wash. In conclusion it is evident that for automobile waste water to be used for concrete production, it must undergo process of treatment. As recommendation, it is advised to implement effective treatment processes for automobile wastewater before incorporating it into concrete production, ensuring that the construction materials meet required standards and contribute to sustainable environmental practices in the automobile industry.

This study investigated the effectiveness of the leadership style of the principal on the performance of secondary school teachers in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo state. To guide the study four research questions were raised and answered directly. The descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. The population of the study consisted of five hundred and thirty-nine (539) teachers from the 14 public secondary schools in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo state. a sample of one hundred (100) teachers from 5 public secondary schools was randomly selected for the study. The research instrument used to gather data for the study was a Questionnaire titled Principal’s Leadership Styles and Teachers’ Performance Questionnaire (PLSTPQ). Data collected were analyzed using the descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation). The findings revealed that the most commonly used leadership style in public secondary schools in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State is the Democratic leadership style. The study also revealed that the level of effectiveness of principal’s leadership styles and teachers’ level of performance in secondary schools in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State is high. It was concluded that the effectiveness of principal’s leadership style positively affects teachers’ performance in public secondary schools in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State.

This study explored the utilization and perceived clinical effectiveness of honey in burn wound management among nurses at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH), Benin City. Burn injuries pose significant challenges in clinical care, particularly in resource-limited settings where affordable and accessible treatment options are essential. Honey, with its antibacterial and wound-healing properties, has been increasingly recognized as a viable alternative. A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was adopted, and a convenience sampling technique was used to select 258 nurses. Of these, 249 completed the questionnaire correctly, yielding a response rate of 96.5%. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0. Findings revealed that 67.5% of nurses had personally used honey in burn wound care, and 72.3% reported observing its use in clinical practice. A total of 61.0% indicated that they initiated the use of honey even without prior doctor approval, while 65.8% used it when conventional materials were unavailable. Only 34.1% of respondents reported receiving formal training on the use of honey in wound care, and just 29.7% stated that their departments had standard protocols for its use. Overall, the utilization of honey was rated high, with a grand mean score of 2.6 (cutoff = 2.5). On perceived clinical effectiveness, 74.3% of nurses believed honey facilitatesfaster wound healing, 70.2% agreed it reduces the risk of infection, and 66.7% reported it helps alleviate pain. A grand mean of 2.7 indicated a high perception of honey’s clinical effectiveness. In conclusion, the study demonstrated a substantial level of honey utilization and positive perception of its effectiveness among nurses at UBTH. The study recommends integrating honey-based protocols into standard practice, expanding training programs, and conducting further clinical trials to reinforce its evidence-based application in wound care

This study explored the Effectiveness of The EdoBEST programme in schools in Edo state, using Oredo Local Government Area, Benin City as the case study. It emphasized the importance of EdoBEST programme in the improvement of education in Edo State, as well as its impact in schools that has adopted the programme. Chapter one provided the introduction to the study, including the background, aims, objectives, research questions, purpose and structure of the research. Chapter one also included the statement of the problem, thereby analyzing and problematizing the EdoBEST programme. The literature review in chapter two provided an overview of the subject matter the study investigated the influence of the EdoBEST program in schools in Edo State, by gathering the views of education stakeholders in Benin, especially the ones directly involved in the EdoBEST programme. The methodology gave an overview of the research process. This included the research design, which revealed the research plan and sampling. Questionnaire were used during the field work as data gathering tools. In chapter four, the findings obtained from respondents' viewpoints were revealed. The results and outcomes from the findings were also discussed. In Chapter five, Summary, recommendations and suggestions on the study were given