2023

This comparative study investigated the effects of preservative and preservative-free artificial tears on tear stability among dry eye patients. The participants completed the OSDI questionnaire
to determine their subjective observations. A randomized controlled trial was used to group the participants. Tear film stability was assessed using fluorescein invasive tear break-up time (FTBUT), Schirmer’s test was carried out to determine the tear flow rate, the results were compared between the two groups. The results showed that the mean values for TBUT for Hypromellose were 6.25 ± 0.33 before and 6.75 ± 0.31seconds after, for Refresh was 6.40 ± 0.40 before and 7.55 ± 0.42 seconds after. Also, the mean values for TFR for Hypromellose were 8.36 ± 0.50 before and 8.61 ± 0.50 seconds after, for refresh was 9.69 ± 0.54 before and 10.05 ± 0.55 after seconds. The results obtained were analyzed using the SSPS 22.0. T-test and one- way ANOVA were used to compare the mean FTBUT and TFR values between both groups, the p values were 0.64 and 0.68 respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the tear film stability and tear flow rate between both groups after four weeks (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the results of this study Showed that there was no notable difference between preservative artificial tears and preservative-free artificial tears on tear film stability and tear flow rate. It is recommended that clinicians can confidently recommend both preservative and preservative-free artificial tears as effective management options for dry eye

This study titled the "Prospects and Challenges of African Traditional Religion In The Contemporary Society" was aimed at examining the acknowledgement of African traditional religion in our contemporary time and society. This has become necessary due to the various and conflicting teachings on the subject matter. The method employed was historical and analytical. Data collection was from both secondary and primary sources which include interviews from some selected traditional rulers and leaders amongst others. The study revealed the disdainful societal misconceptions generally associated with the traditional religion in African which made it to have been forgotten with time, due to its inaccurate ideas and false beliefs. Based on the findings, it was recommended amongst others that there shouldbe a need to investigate and address its concept, thereby finding a way for its possibility to be recognized not only during our contemporary era but also in the future which may pass through difficult challenges but with the aim of attaining and achieving a positive goal.

This study investigates the adoption of e-marketing among Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria, evaluating its role as a tool for competitive advantage. While offering immense opportunities for global reach, customer engagement, and reduced operational costs, e-marketing in Nigeria faces threats like poor infrastructure, high costs, and insecurity

This research explores the dynamic interplay between online newspaper reporting and public perception of crime and justice issues, with a particular focus on the Nigerian media landscape. As online newspapers have gained prominence in the information landscape, understanding their influence on how the public views matters related to crime and justice becomes increasingly vital. The study delved into the reporting practices of two major Nigerian online newspapers, Punch and Vanguard, aimed at deciphering how their coverage of crime and justice impacts public perception. It employed content analysis as the research method, systematically collecting and analyzing data from a total of 178 editions of both newspapers published between January 1, 2023, and March 31, 2023.The findings of this study offer noteworthy insights. Media organizations, it appears, give considerable coverage to crime and justice issues, but often lack prominence in their reporting. Their interpretative function falls short, as most articles tend to present straight news. Furthermore, the frequency of reporting on these critical topics is not as high as might be expected. The media's standpoint leans more towards the negative side concerning crime and justice matters, with a particular focus on criticism and public reactions to policies.In light of these findings, several recommendations emerge. Media organizations are urged to maintain a balanced emotional tone in their news reporting. Increased frequency in reporting on policy-related issues, especially in their early stages, is advised to enhance public understanding. The media should prioritize informative reporting that enlightens the public rather than emphasizing stories of conflict and policy challenges. Finally, a call is made for the media to uphold neutrality, truth, and accuracy in their reporting to present a fair representation of government policies. This research underscores the pivotal role of online newspapers in shaping public perceptions of crime and justice in Nigeria. It contributes to the fields of media studies and journalism, offering a comprehensive examination of how these newspapers influence public opinion and policy-making in this crucial domain.

The research work was carried out to examine the socio-psychological effects of divorce on the upbringing of of spring of marriage relationships in Benin metropolis, South-South, Nigeria. The researcher looked at the effect of divorce and how it affects of springs of marriages, morally, socially, academically, mentally, etc. This study also identifies and focus on the socio-psychological differentiation of children who come from families of divorced parents and children who do not. It will also provide a base for the protection and promotion of the rights of children of divorcees, It will be useful to child rights and child protection advocates, It will increase people’s knowledge of the risks to which such children are exposed. The Study also took a critical look at the roles of the Social welfare institution in preventing cases of
marital divorces. In this study, the simple random sampling technique was used to select the sample size. A total of 100 students of the University Demonstration Senior Secondary School was selected as the sample size, classes ranging from SS1-SS3. And the sample of findings were sought from 96 respondents. The table and simple percentage method were used to analyze the questions. The research findings shows that, divorce can negatively affect the child’s development academically and socially. And children whose family is going through divorce may have a harder time relating to others, and tend to have less social contacts, that is, certain children might have negative mind set towards intimacy, relationship, attachment or marriage, because of their experience growing up in a broken home.
their experience growing up in a broken home

The study focused on the causes of strikes and its effect on students’ academic performance a case study of Faculty of Education University of Benin. Five research questions were raised to guide the study; 1. What are the central factors that frequently lead to strike actions within Nigerian universities? How do strike actions influence students' comprehension, retention, and engagement during their academic pursuits? What is the correlation between the specific elements triggering strikes and the subsequent underperformance of students in examinations and assessments? To what extent do institutional policies and administrative decisions contribute to either amplifying or alleviating the effects of strike actions on students' academic performance? In what ways can the educational system better manage strike actions to minimize disruptions and foster an environment conducive to sustained students’ learning? Descriptive research design was adopted for the study. The population of this study consists of all male and female students of History Education, University of Benin, Benin City. The sample of this study comprises of one hundred and fifty (150) History students of the Faculty of Education, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State. The major findings of the study revealed that the correlation between the specific elements triggering strikes and the subsequent underperformance of students in examinations and assessments is diverse and high. The results of the analysis conducted, revealed that the extent that institutional policies and administrative decisions contribute to either amplifying or alleviating the effects of strike actions on students' academic performance is diverse and high. The results of the analysis conducted revealed that the ways that the educational system can better manage strike actions to minimize disruptions and foster an environment conducive to sustained student learning are diverse and high It was recommended that Government should address root causes of strikes, Government should enhance student support services

A study was conducted in Benin city, located in South South Nigeria, to investigate the insect pest species affecting three distinct fish species: Clarias spp, Tilapia spp, and Synodontis spp, Orechromis niloticus and Hemichromis spp. The common insect pests identified infesting all three fish species included Dermestes spp and Tribolium spp. The data collected included the total count of insect pests infesting each fish species and the distribution of the insects in their two life stages, larvae and adults. Analysis of this data was performed using simple percentage calculations. The results indicated that Tilapia spp exhibited the highest susceptibility to insect pests. The ranking of susceptibility was as follows: Tilapia > Synodontis > Clarias. Notably, Tribolium spp emerged as the predominant insect pest, with an infestation rate of approximately 61.7% on Tilapia spp and 100% on Clarias spp. Necrobia spp followed with an infestation rate of 31% on Tilapia spp and 80% on Synodontis spp. Furthermore, the study observed the distribution of adult and larval stages of these insect pests. The findings revealed that the majority of the insects infesting the five species of smoked fish in Benin city, Edo state, Nigeria, were in the larvae stage.

This study was carried out to scrutinize sex and Attitude of secondary school students in learning chemistry in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State. In achieving this aim, four research questions were raised to serve as a guide for this study. The research design used in this study is descriptive survey design utilizing questionnaire as
method of data collection. A total of 100 respondents were selected to represent the entire population of the study. The data collated were presented on a frequency distribution table and analyzed using simple percentage. This study will be of great importance to the society, Examination Bodies, especially Chemistry teachers because of its scientific nature, economic and technological application and values it has especially on the students on how they reason and how their creative skills can be improved through an effective and efficient method of learning. Finally, the experience gained from this study will provide future researchers with empirical evidence of the mode that enables students to learn better and hence form the basis for further research.

This study investigated security measures and school effectiveness in University of
Benin, Benin City. To achieve the purpose of the study, four research questions were raised and examined. The sample for the study is 150 undergraduates. With the aid of the simple proportionate sampling technique, 10 students each were selected from each of the 15 faculties thus making a total sample size of 150 respondents. The questionnaire was the instrument for data collection. The descriptive survey research design was adopted in carrying out the study. An analysis of data was done using mean and standard deviation. The findings from the study include there is a high level of security consciousness among students in University of Benin, Benin City. It was concluded that there is a significant impact of security measures on school effectiveness in University of Benin, Benin City. The study recommended among others that the University should develop and maintain a comprehensive emergency response plan for natural disasters, accidents, and security incidents.

This study was carried out to determine the principal communication strategies and how it influences teacher’s job performance in some selected public secondary schools in Esan West Local Government Area of Edo State. Ex-post facto research design was employed. Proportional sampling technique was adopted to select one hundred and five (105) secondary school teachers and principals comprising of both males and females from ten secondary schools in Esan West Local Government Area, of Edo State. Four research questions presented in a 4 point scale guided the study. A well structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Face content validity was done by the research supervisor and the reliability coefficient of the instrument was 0.92 after the reliability test. Data were presented in tables as mean and standard deviation. The results obtained showed an average mean greater than 2.50 for all variables in response to the research questions. The communication strategies adopted by principals in secondary schools is through the use of reminders circular letters, notice boards, suggestion box, electronic media etc. Principal’s communication strategy has both positive and negative influence on teacher’s job performance. Mistrust, lack of delegation of authority by the principals, inappropriate setting of the message due to the existence of numerous intermediaries and emotional state of the communicator were identified as factors affecting communication. The study conclude that effective communication in schools can be enhanced through the maintenance of free flow of information, adoption of open door policy by the principals and holding of regular staff meetings to iron out issues or problems that may impede communication system in schools.