E. IYAMU

This comparative study investigated the effects of preservative and preservative-free artificial tears on tear stability among dry eye patients. The participants completed the OSDI questionnaire
to determine their subjective observations. A randomized controlled trial was used to group the participants. Tear film stability was assessed using fluorescein invasive tear break-up time (FTBUT), Schirmer’s test was carried out to determine the tear flow rate, the results were compared between the two groups. The results showed that the mean values for TBUT for Hypromellose were 6.25 ± 0.33 before and 6.75 ± 0.31seconds after, for Refresh was 6.40 ± 0.40 before and 7.55 ± 0.42 seconds after. Also, the mean values for TFR for Hypromellose were 8.36 ± 0.50 before and 8.61 ± 0.50 seconds after, for refresh was 9.69 ± 0.54 before and 10.05 ± 0.55 after seconds. The results obtained were analyzed using the SSPS 22.0. T-test and one- way ANOVA were used to compare the mean FTBUT and TFR values between both groups, the p values were 0.64 and 0.68 respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the tear film stability and tear flow rate between both groups after four weeks (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the results of this study Showed that there was no notable difference between preservative artificial tears and preservative-free artificial tears on tear film stability and tear flow rate. It is recommended that clinicians can confidently recommend both preservative and preservative-free artificial tears as effective management options for dry eye

The study determined the Influence of Art Education on the Cognitive Development of Primary School Children in Edo state. The descriptive survey research design was used for this study and the sample size from the population coprises of 100 pupils among selected primary schools in oredo local government area of Edo state. The instrument for the study was a well structured questionaire that contained the four research questions that guided this study. The instrument was validated by two experts from the faculty of vocational and technical education and the reliability of the instrument was ensured by using the Cronbach's Alpha reliability computation which yielded a co-efficient index of 0.83. The findings of the study revealed that Art Education positively influenced primary school pupils Cognitive Development, which ebables them to develop pivotal mental abilities that are considered functional for their overall growth and development. The findings also revealed that art education improved or positively influenced their problem- solving skills, critical thinking, memory and attention, which helps them in swift decision making during academic tasks and activities. The study recommended that parents and guardians should encourage their children to take art subjects and classes as a vital aspect of their well rounded education. It also recommended that art sujects should not be given less relevance in various school's timetable schedules.

The study investigated the influence of entrepreneurial characteristics on business performance. The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of entrepreneurial competency, innovation and skill acquisition on business performance, also to identify the factors affecting entrepreneurial development in Nigeria. Four research questions guided the study. A descriptive survey research was used for the study. The population of the study was 430 entrepreneurs and the sample was 86 entrepreneurs within the University of Benin community. Data was collected through the use of a well-structured questionnaire and the copies were administered, collected and analyzed. Mean was
used for the data analysis. The findings revealed that entrepreneurial competency, innovation and skill acquisition influence business performance. The study recommends amongst others that on-the-job trainings and conferences should be encouraged in firms to increase
entrepreneurs’ competency and competitive strategies, practical entrepreneurship approach should be adopted in teaching entrepreneurship in schools, also infrastructures such as electricity, good roads, should be put in good shape to ensure the survival of business enterprise and the creation of new business venture.

This study investigates the perception of the relevance of Home Economics
Education among secondary school students in Oredo local government area of Edo State. Five (5) research questions were raised to guide the study. The study adopted a descriptive survey of a correlational type. The population for
this study consisted of Eighteen thousand, one hundred and six (18,106) students in
Government junior secondary schools in Oredo Local Government Area in Edo State. (Ministry of Education, 2024). The sample size of the study was made up of one hundred
and thirty two (132) Junior secondary school students in Egor local government area of
Edo state. A proportionate sampling technique of 0.73% was used to arrive at the sample
size of the study. The instruments used for data collection for the study was a structured
questionnaire titled: “Questionaire on Perception of Home Economics Education among
secondary school students (QPRHEESS). The instrument for data collection was
subjected tovalidity by the researcher's supervisor and two other experts from the
Department of Vocational and Technical Education, Faculty of Education, University of
Benin, Benin City. Findings indicated that the perception of students on the relevance of Home
Economics is significantly influenced by factors such as the gender of the students, Parents, Teachers and Peer group. It emphasized the critical role of Teachers in
influencing students attitude and perception. Their enthusiasm, teaching methods and
interactions with students significantly impact students engagement and motivation bin
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Home Economics. The findings also suggest that parents are not fully leveraging their
potential influence on their children's perceptions, highlighting the need for educators and
policy makers to explore alternative strategies to engage students in Home Economics. Gender stereotypes and societal expectations can impact students interests and perception
of various subjects including Home Economics. The findings also imply that student's
perception of Home Economics are not heavily influenced by their peers group. Instead, individual interests, experiences, or other factors may play a more significant role in
shaping their attitudes towards the subject.

The study investigated the determinants of food insecurity in Warri. In order to attain the objectives of the study, three research questions were raised to guide the study. Descriptive survey research design guided the study. The population of this study
comprised of all the Warri metropolis is divided into three quarters namely Onicha-ugbo, Obomkpa, and Obodo. The population of the study was purposively drawn from respondents who are basically traders/merchants artisans, and civil/public servant of Warri, Delta State. The total population of traders/merchants artisans both male and female was found to be One Hundred and Ninety Two (192) in total. The sample size of the study was a total of 120 respondents. The respondents was 40 for the traders/merchants artisans and 80 for the civil/public servant respectively. The sample will be selected using a stratified and a
simple random sampling technique. A structured questionnaire titled: Determinants of Food Insecurity Questionnaire (DIFQ) will be used for data collection. The instrument was validated by the project supervisor and two other lecturers in the faculty. For the
determination of the instrument, copies of the instrument were administered to 13 male and 7 female civil servants who were not part of the sample. The Cronbach Alpha was used to ascertain the reliability using test-retest method which yields 0.83. This result implies that the instrument was reliable. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The descriptive statistics was used involved frequency count; simple percentages mean score analysis and standard deviation. Furthermore a criterion
mean of 2.50 was be adopted for decision making. The study found that the study has found that majority of the farmers were found to be food insecure during the period of the survey and several determining factors were identified for the deteriorating food security situation of the study area. They include the shortage of farmland caused by population pressure, recurrent drought, poverty, climate change, shortage of rainfall, and land degradation. Based on the findings of the study, Expand the family planning education to limit the family size of the rural population, which could ease the problem of overpopulation and acute farmland scarcity and design a strategy to diversify the livelihoods of the rural community so as to complement their food gap, Complementarities such as steady electric power and water supplies, good transportation/information and communication technology network, and housing units that will enhance the business ventures of the metropolitan poor be provided since most
of the household heads are at the plateau of their lifecycle (age range within the labour
force bracket), according to the dictates of lifecycle hypothesis amongst others.