2023

This study was conduct to ascertain the role the National Commission for Museums and Monuments (NCMM), Benin City Benin Dialogue Group (BDG), Benin Royal Family / Benin Traditional Council and the Edo State Government played in the repatriation of Benin cultural objects and the exploration of the NCMM level of preparedness and capability to secure, preserve and manage the repatriated Benin cultural objects for education, tourism development and sustainability. The qualitative method of data collection was adopted in this study. The qualitative research survey such as in-depth interviews (IDIs) Focus Group Discussion (FGD), Key Informant and photograph was used to gather information from the targeted population or participants in the study area. Data were collected from two sources: the secondary data and primary data. The total population or participant of the study was 158. The entire staff (population) of NCMM ,Benin City which is 145 participated in the study plus 13 key informants of Benin indigenes and some top management staff from the Head- quarters of NCMM, Abuja who had profound knowledge about the repatriation of Benin cultural objects, preservation and management and were ready to talk also participated in the study. Results from the study established that National Commission for Museums and Monuments (NCMM), Benin City Benin Dialogue Group (BDG), Benin Royal family / Benin Traditional council and the Edo State Government played prominent roles in the repatriation of Benin cultural objects and that NCMM as the only accredited agency of Federal Government of Nigeria, is still playing the role of repatriation of cultural artifacts / objects to Nigeria. The Benin Dialogue Group had a constrain in the repatriation of Benin cultural objects. It also showed that the NCMM, Benin is prepared and capable to secure preserve and manage the repatriated Benin cultural objects for education, tourism development and sustainability. And if the repatriated objects are fully installed and mounted for exhibition it will boost or increase tourism development/ activities in Benin National Museum and generate income for the residents of Benin and the government.

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens has garnered considerable focus on the antibacterial attributes of natural compounds in recent years. This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx extract against several enteric bacteria, specifically Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis. A phytochemical analysis of the Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx extract was conducted to identify and quantify bioactive compounds that may contribute to its antibacterial properties.This analysis identified secondary metabolites, such as tannins, flavonoids, and alkaloids,recognised for their antimicrobial properties. These compounds likely contribute significantly to the antibacterial effects observed in the hibiscus sabdariffa calyx extract. Furthermore, the antibacterial efficacy was assessed utilising recognised microbiological methodologies, including minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC),against a selection of enteric bacterial isolates. The results demonstrated a significant antibacterial effect linked to Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx extracts. Their inhibition of bacterial growth was dose-dependent, with ethanolic extracts demonstrating significantly greater efficacy than aqueous extracts

This study was carried out to examine the effect of manpower training and development in employee morale using Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State as a case study. The study was specifically carried out to determine whether there is a significant relationship between manpower training/development and employee morale, ascertain whether the implementation of manpower training/development programme enhances employees’ job satisfaction, ascertain whether the implementation of manpower training/development programme improves employees commitment and productivity, and find whether there is an adequate implementation of manpower training/development programme in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State. The survey design was adopted and the simple random sampling techniques were employed in this study. The population size comprise of civil servant of Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State. In determining the sample size, the researcher conveniently selected 57 respondents and 50 were validated. Self-constructed and validated questionnaire was used for data collection. The collected and validated questionnaires were analyzed using frequency tables and mean scores. While the hypotheses were tested using Pearson correlation square statistical tool, SPSS v23. The result of the findings reveals that the implementation of manpowertraining/development programme improves employees commitment and productivity. The study also revealed that there is no adequate implementation of manpower training/development programme in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State.Therefore, it is recommended that authorities in government should ensure that there is a bearing between manpower training and development with national objectives and policy because this is the only way government could have a pool of competent employees to drive and implement its development policies and programmes. To mention but few

This essay explores the legal and regulatory framework for the resolution of banking cases in Nigeria, including the use of the Central Bank of Nigeria's intervention powers. It provides anoverview of the Nigerian banking system and the importance of a robust legal and regulatory framework for resolving banking cases, and discusses the main Acts and regulations governing the resolution of banking cases in Nigeria. The essay examines the role of the Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation and the Asset Management Corporation of Nigeria in resolving distressed banks and non-performing loans. It also explores the powers of the CBN to intervene in the affairs of distressed banks and examines some of the challenges and limitations of the legal and regulatory framework. Finally, the essay offers recommendations for improving the legal and regulatory framework for resolving banking cases in Nigeria, including potential reforms to the CBN's intervention powers, the role of the NDIC and AMCON, and the need for greater transparency and accountability in the resolution process. Overall, the essay highlights the importance of an effective legal and regulatory framework for resolving banking cases and promoting financial stability in Nigeria.

This project focuses on the design and building of a solar inverter with a 3.5KVA capacity. Solar inverters convert the variable direct current (DV) output of a photovoltaic (PV) solar panel into utility-frequency alternating current (AC), ready for connection to a home's electrical system. It is essential to solar systems since it permits the use of common AC-powered devices. Solar panels in solar inverters produce direct electricity by moving electrons from a negative to a positive direction. Most home appliances run on alternating current. This AC continuously fluctuates between negative and positive elections. You can adjust the voltage in the AC power according to the equipment's intended use. Solar inverters convert DC to AC because solar panels can only provide direct current.We created a 3.5KVA electrical inverter for this project. Two 22Ah wet cell batteries, a 220V/24-0-24V center-tapped inverter, an MPPT charge controller, and six 300W solar panels make up the architecture of the inverting circuitry assembly. The design provided power for a television, refrigerator (200 watts), air conditioner (1120 watts), and other devices totaling 2465 watts. The system operated at peak efficiency for almost 12 hours while under full load.

This work studied women participation in community development with special emphasis on Egor Local Government Area, Edo State. The exercise was carried out due to the observed lag in women participation in community development all over the country. The work had four key objectives which it sought to realize. These include: to ascertain the barriers to women participation in agriculture within the local government, to ascertain the impact of low level of education on women participation in community development, to determine how to enhance women participation in the politics of Egor Local Government Area and finally to identify ways of empowering the women for optimal participation in the overall development of the communities. The researcher made use of both primary and secondary sources of data to generate data used for the study. These data were presented in tables and analysed using simple percentage. The researcher found out the various barriers to women participation in community development to include cultural practices, low level of women education, poverty among the rural women and violent that characterize the country’s politics. It is therefore recommended that cultural practices that deny women free access to community development should be abrogated; Government should provide modern farm implements to the rural women farmers and also educate them on how to use these implements to enhance productivity; girl child education should be made free and also compulsory at least at secondary school levels. The study also recommend that social workers should be ready to actively participate in the involvement of women participation in community
development.

Many regions of the world have ferruginous soils, which lack magnesium. Magnesium is a crucial component for plant growth, and a lack of it can result in lower quality and yields. Numerous potential advantages of nanoparticles for plant growth have been demonstrated, including higher nutrient uptake, improved photosynthesis, and increased resistance to pests and diseases. Magnesium nanoparticles (MgNPs) have been shown to enhance plant growth in other types of soils, but their effects on maize growth in ferruginous soils have not been studied effectively. This study investigated the potential effects of magnesium anoparticles on the growth of maize (Zea mays L.) in ferruginous soil. In this study, potted maize plants were grown in a controlled environment, with varying concentrations of magnesium nanoparticles applied to the ferruginous soil. The growth parameters assessed in this research study include: plant height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area and stem girth. The results of this study demonstrate the potential of magnesium nanoparticles to reduce the negative effects of magnesium deficiency in ferruginous soils. The observed enhancements in maize growth were most likely caused by the nanoparticles' capacity to deliver a regulated release of magnesium ions into the soil environment.
To identify the best application rates, potential long-term impacts, and interactions of magnesium nanoparticles with other soil components, additional research is required.

Abacteriological evaluation of Garri, a cassava product, one of the most popular foods derived from cassava fermentation, is a staple Nigerian food, its raw product Cassava (Mamihot esculenta Crantz), is a dicotyledonous perennial plant. It was conducted in five major markets in Benin City, Edo State. The aim and objectives of this study was to isolate bacteria from garri sold at different markets in Benin City, in order to determine the bacterial count of the garri samples, determine the species of bacteria resent in the garri samples and gain insights into the susceptibility of the isolated bacteria. Methodology utilized in this research study include: isolation of bacteria utilizing nutrient agar, a total of six isolates (bacteria) with a sample size of five (Olukwu, Uselu, ingRoad, NewBenin, and Mami ) were examined. The mean total heterotrophic bacterial count ranged from (7.00- 7.91±2.0 log10cfu/g) in the five different markets and the pour plate method was employed in achieving the colony count in the Garri
samples. The primary bacteria strains identified after observing the cultural, morphological and biochemical test results, included Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus spp., Escherichia coli., Streptococcus sp., Micrococcus spp., and Staphylococcus spp. These bacterial strains were prevalent in Garri samples from all five markets, indicating potential contamination during processing or handling. The bacteria obtained from this study were all susceptible to the antibiotic, perfloxacin, but resistant to the others, namely, amoxicillin, rocephin, ciprofloxacin, ampiclox, zinnacef, erythromycin and gentamicin. The high occurrence of bacteria in Garri across these markets could be attributed to suboptimal sanitation conditions, processing techniques, materials used, and inadequate waste management practices. It is recommended that producers and retailers in Benin implement rigorous hygiene measures in preparation and packaging to ensure food safety and the protection of consumers.

Lead exposure is thought to be harmful and has been linked to behavioral abnormalities, hearing deficiencies, neuromuscular weakness, and decreased cognitive abilities in humans. Flavonoids have beneficial biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, antiviral, anticarcinogenic effects. Flavonoids are the most recognised phytochemicals that function as antioxidants. Flavonoids' antioxidant activity includes suppressing ROS generation by inhibiting enzymes, scavenging free radicals, and regulating antioxidant defenses. Rutin is a typical dietary flavonoid that is nontoxic and naturally derived. It has a variety of beneficial biological properties including anti-cancer, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, haematoprotective, anti-arthritis, anthelmintic effects. Accordingly, this study was designed to investigate the possible attenuative effects of Rutin on lead-induced neurotoxicity in Wistar rats. After purchase and acclimatization, the Wistar rats were weighed and divided into six equal groups (control and treatment groups). Group A (Control) was administered 1 ml dH2O/day. Group B (Pb) was administered 100 mg/kg body weight (BW) of Pb acetate only. Group C (RUT1 + Pb) was administered 50 mg/kg BW of Rutin and 100 mg/kg BW of Pb acetate. Group D (RUT2 + Pb) was administered 100 mg/kg BW of Rutin and 100mg/kg of Pb acetate. Group E (RUT1) was administered 50 mg/kg BW of Rutin only and Group F (RUT2) was administered 100mg/kg BW of Rutin only. The administration, via an orogastric tube, lasted for 28 days and rats were fed with standard rat chow and had free access to water throughout the entire study period. All Rutin administration pre-treatment were done one hour before Lead. Animals were weighed and neurobehavioral activity (Novel object recognition test) was evaluated. The rats were then sacrificed for sample collection, and the hippocampus was harvested for assessment of antioxidant activity and histological alterations . The findings showed that the Pb group showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in final body weight (FBW) compared to the control and Rutin treated groups, which showed a greater FBW. Neurobehavioral findings revealed that rats in the Pb group had significantly lower neurobehavioral function when compared to Control and Rutin treated groups. The Pb alone groups demonstrated oxidative stress (low antioxidant activity and increased lipid peroxidation), whereas the Control and Rutin treated groups had significant increase (p<0.05) in antioxidant activity. Histological findings shows altered morphology with the presence of vacuoles and pyknotic nuclei in the CA1 region of the Pb treated group, however the pretreated groups showed a healthier tissue architecture when compared to lead only treated group. In conclusion, the findings showed that Rutin was not toxic to the animals and protected against Pb toxicity.

An integrated approach using seismic information was employed for subsurface mapping of SULU reservoir of the Niger Delta basin. The aim of this study was directed towards the generation of a subsurface map, determination of the subsurface structural features for hydrocarbon and prediction of prospecting of the reservoir. The methods employed include analysis of 3D seismic data using Petrel software: faults and horizon deductions from the seismic section were used to generate structural maps which revealed different structural styles present in the studied area and extraction of amplitude. A distinct horizon was mapped. From the horizon nine faults (with five been major) were mapped for the purpose of carrying 3D subsurface structural interpretation. These were used in generating the time structure maps using the Petrel Interpretational tool. The results show that the trapping mechanisms in the field are favourable for hydrocarbon accumulation. Two principal structural trapping mechanisms presents are the rollover anticline and the simple anticline. This study has demonstrated and appreciate the importance of seismic structural interpretation in generation of subsurface maps of reservoir, understanding the structural styles present, amplitude extraction for
prospect ranking.