This research aimed to develop a sustainable and efficient method for making biodiesel from a mix of neem and yellow oleander oils, using a catalyst made from chicken bones. The oils' properties were examined, created and tested the catalyst, optimized the transesterification process, and checked that the biodiesel meets ASTM D6751 and EN14214 standards. The oil analysis looked at free fatty acids (FFA), viscosity, density, iodine value, and fatty acid profiles. Neem oil had an FFA of 5.2%, viscosity of 5.93 mm²/s, and an iodine value of 76.4; yellow oleander oil had an FFA of 3.8%, viscosity of 4.02 mm²/s, and iodine value of 73.86. The catalyst was prepared by calcining chicken bones at 800°C for 3 hours, resulting in calcium oxide with a surface area of 154 m²/g. Tests with SEM, XRD, XRF, FTIR, and BET confirmed it was effective and stable. By optimizing the transesterification process through Response Surface Methodology (RSM), a biodiesel yield of 88.46% was achieved. The optimal conditions identified were a methanol-to- oil ratio of 14:1, a reaction duration of 180 minutes, a catalyst loading of 6% by weight, all maintained at a steady temperature of 65°C

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have received significant attention due to their potential health and environmental impacts. Some are toxic and pose risks to human health and ecosystems. This study was conducted to determine the levels of PAHs in Oreochromis niloticus from Ogun river in Ajegunle, South-West Nigeria. Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detector (GC/FID) was used to measure the concentrations of PAHs in the fish tissues, following United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) methods. The objectives of the research evaluated the toxic equivalency (TEQ) of PAHs, toxic/hazard
quotient for PAHs, estimated daily intake with annual intake and cancer risk factor for PAHs in O.niloticus. Naphthalene had a low value in the fish sample analyzed and could be related to the fish species inability to absorb it irrespective of its presence in the water and sediments. Total PAH concentrations found in the fish sample exceeded the acceptable limit set by the European Commission (2 µg/kg Fluroanthene and Benzo(a)pyrene) for fish considered safe for human consumption. The quota for PAHs
ranged from 0.037% for Naphthalene to 73.97% for Fluroanthene. The continual consumption of fish from the river by the inhabitants could lead to bioaccumulation with adverse health implications since PAHs are carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic. Furthermore, the high concentrations and the persistent nature of PAHs make the fish that inhabit the river unfit for human consumption.

This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the key architectural and construction features of green buildings and Benin traditional buildings, with a focus on their adaptability and resilience to local climate conditions and environmental factors. The research will first examine the general characteristics of green buildings and Benin traditional buildings, including their underlying design principles, material selection, and construction techniques. This will involve a review of the existing literature on the subject, as well as an assessment of the environmental performance and sustainability aspects of each building type. The study will further look into the adaptability and resilience of these building features, such as energy efficiency, water conservation, and waste management, compare to the traditional building practices and techniques employed in Benin. The role of cultural influences, traditional knowledge, and innovative sustainable solutions in enhancing the adaptability and resilience of these buildings will also be explored. Furthermore, the research will investigate the potential for integrating green building strategies with Benin traditional building practices to create more climate-responsive and environmental-friendly structures. This will involve identifying the challenges and opportunities in bridging the gap between modern green building approaches and traditional construction methods. The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of the comparative advantages and limitations of green buildings and Benin traditional buildings in addressing local environmental conditions and climate change adaptation. The insights gained can inform policymakers, architects, and construction professional in developing more sustainable and resilient building practices that combine the best of both approaches.

In the reality of an economic recession and increasing competition in all sectors of the economy, companies strive to find more effective and efficient ways to increase brand awareness and market their services. This research looks at the role of social media in theatre productions marketing. Developing an effective viral marketing strategy within the social media landscape requires being aware of the current usage of social media by theatre arts in their attempt to market the services to their target audiences. There is a growing interest in social media marketing research with only modest research available in the arts field. The questions that form the basis for this research are: To what extent can Facebook be applied as a good social media for marketing theatre productions in our modern day society? How does marketing on Facebook influence audience patronage for theatre productions? What are the benefits when marketing theatre productions via Facebook. However, deduction from this study has shown that Social media was seen as most effective in increasing brand awareness and building strong fan community.

This study looks at how satire points out social issues in Niyi Osundare’s poetry collections entitled Village Voices and Songs of the Marketplace. It also illustrates how satire enhances the poet’s functional status as critic of the social, political, cultural, religious and educational facets of the Nigerian nation. The two collections were closely read and qualitatively analysed through the use of the theoretical framework of New Historicism developed by Stephen Greenblatt. The study shows that, through the employment of satire in Village Voices and Songs of the Marketplace, Osundare criticizes the political hypocrisy, educational decay and societal negligence ravaging the Nigerian nation and also uses his poetry to express hope in having a classless society that treats all human beings equally, with all the barriers of wealth, class, rank and ambition displaced for the good of humanity

La planification familiale fait référence à la pratique délibérée de retarder ou d’éviter la grossesse en utilisant des méthodes contraceptives. Elle permet aux individus et aux couples de décider du nombre d’enfants qu’ils veulent avoir et du moment où ils veulent les avoir. La planification familiale est un ensemble de moyens et les méthodes qui permettent aux individus de décider
librement de la dimension de leur famille et de l’espacement des naissances Selon l’Organisation mondiale de la Santé (OMS), la planification familiale « permet aux populations d’atteindre le nombre souhaité d’enfants et de déterminer quel sera ’espacement des naissances ».

This research presents a comprehensive systematic review of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques and algorithms employed in predictive analytics for drilling hazard management, specifically focusing on stuck pipe incidents, lost circulation events, and wellbore instability. Drilling hazards collectively account for 30-40% of non productive time (NPT) in global drilling operations, costing the oil and gas industry approximately $8-12 billion annually. Traditional monitoring systems rely on reactive, empirical approaches that fail to provide early warnings, while modern drilling operations generate 1-2 terabytes of data per well, creating opportunities for AI-based predictive solutions. Through systematic analysis of 78 peer-viewed research papers published between 2010-2024, this study evaluates the performance characteristics, implementation challenges, and economic viability of various AI algorithms including artificial neural networks (ANNs), support vector machines (SVMs), decision trees, ensemble methods, and deep learning approaches. The research reveals a clear performance hierarchy among AI methods, with deep learning achieving the highest accuracy rates (90-97%) but requiring substantial computational resources and datasets exceeding 50,000 examples. Traditional neural networks demonstrate optimal balance between performance (88-94% accuracy) and practicality, making them the most widely adopted approach in commercial implementations.

Arsenic trioxide, widely used in industry and medicine, poses significant risks of cardiotoxicity by inducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and damage to cardiac tissue. Azanza garkeana, a medicinal plant rich in bioactive compounds, exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, offering potential cardioprotective effects by mitigating oxidative damage and preserving cardiac function. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Azanza garckeana on arsenic trioxide-induced cardiotoxicity in adult Wistar rats. Thirty (30) Wistar rats were randomly divided into six (6) groups of five (5) rats each. Group A served as the control group and receive 1 ml of distilled water. Group B received 100 mg/kg body weight of Arsenic trioxide only. Group C received 100 mg/kg body weight of Arsenic trioxide + 500 mg/kg body weight of Azanza garckeana. Group D received 100mg/kg body weight of Arsenic trioxide + 1000mg/kg body weight of Azanza garckeana. Group E and Group F received 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg body weight of Azanza garckeana only, respectively. Rats received oral administration for 28 days. The rats were sacrificed afterwards and heart tissues were harvested and processed for routine haematoxylin and eosin staining. Results showed some histological alterations: hypertrophic cardiomypathy, vascular dilatation and congestion, perivascular infiltrates of inflammatory cells, evidence of myocarditis in rats treated with arsenic trioxide only. However, there were significant improvements in the rats treated with arsenic trioxide and Azanza garckeana evidenced by normal histological features: branching and anastomosing myocardial fibres with centrally-located nuclei. In conclusion, findings from this study showed that Azanza garckeana protects against arsenic trioxide-induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats.

The study investigated Educational access and enrollment of students in Nigerian public universities. The purpose of the study was to find the students seeking ad mission into public universities in Nigerian for the 2022/2023 academic session, to find the number of students who met the minimum admission requirements for entry into universities during the period under study, to find the number of students who successfully gained access to university education in the 2022/2023 academic session, to find the number of students who enrolled for a specific academic year, to find the impact of government policies on educational access and enrollment Five(5) research questions were raised to guide the study. Question to 5 were answered. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistic like percentage, frequency count, standard deviation and mean The sample size of 275 respondents was selected for this study. The data collection instrument was a checklist title "Educational Access and Enrollment of students in Nigerian public universities". The questionnaire content validity was assessed by the project supervisor, leading to the necessary adjustment before administration by the researcher. The reliability of the instrument was Carried out using cronbach alpha statistic and a coefficient of 0.77 wa8=s obtained

Base sur le contexte, c'est l'idée ou conception des gens envers une personne, des choses et un lieu. C'est généralement sur l'aspect négatif et non factuel. Les stéréotypes sont des caractéristiques que la société attribue à un groupe de personnes pour les classer instinctivement par exemple selon leur âge, leur poids, leur métier, leur couleur de peu ou leur sexe. (https.//www.quebec.ca>définition du stéréotype, 06/01/2025) Selon de wikipédia, c'est l'image habituellement admise et véhiculée d'un sujet dans un cadre de référence donné; cette image peut négative, positive ou autre, mais elle est souvent caricaturale. (https://fr.wikipedia.org>wiki>stéréotype définition, 6/1/25) En résumé, stéréotype est une idée générale d'un groupe de personnes envers une personne qui affecte le manière la personne a traité