FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

The study “Exploring Twine in Visual Representation of the New Yam Festival in Ikere, Ekiti State. New Yam Festival is a significant cultural celebration in many West African scommunities, marking the start of the harvest season. It blends religious and social traditions, emphasizing gratitude for the yam harvest and reinforcing community identity. Precisely, the innovative use of twine as a structural and conceptual tool in mixed-media painting, emphasizing its role in achieving depth, and texture. The study investigated how twine can serve as a medium to enhance the thematic and conceptual underpinnings of mixed-media paintings, emphasizing its symbolic significance. It also examined various techniques for incorporating twine into mixed-media works, focusing on how it can create texture, and depth, in visual composition, and demonstrated how twine can be used effectively with other materials to depict the cultural aesthetics New Yam Festival in Ikere-Ekiti. Over the years, artists who work in mixed-media technique have not extensively explored the symbolic and aesthetic roles other materials play like twine in the mixed-media expression associated with culture of Ekiti people. The special project was practically carried out in seven (7) stages which include: The canvas was stretched on the stretcher of 5ft by 7ft, the canvas was primed with white glue top bond to cover some holes in the canvas; making of outlines on the stretched canvas from sketch pad; the researcher gummed twine on the outlines using glue; application of sawdust on the drawing to make it tactile; the researcher created an image by extending paints on the already drawing. The study reveals that twine is a viable and meaningful material in mixed-media painting. Its tactile qualities enhance the visual impact of artworks, while its cultural associations strengthen the symbolic representation of indigenous festivals such as the New Yam Festival. The research demonstrated that indigenous materials can serve as bridges between traditional heritage and contemporary artistic innovation.

This study examines residential rental values and the factors influencing their variation in irregular topographical areas, using Iguodalor and Iguoshodin communities in Ovia North-East Local Government Area of Edo State as case studies. The study was motivated by observed disparities in rental values within areas characterised by uneven terrain, erosion challenges, drainage problems, and varying levels of accessibility. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. Primary data wwere obtained through structured questionnaires administered to tenants, landlords/developers, and Estate Surveyors and Valuers, while secondary data were sourced from relevant textbooks and journals. Out of 120 questionnaires administered, 112 were successfully retrieved and analysed.Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis.The findings reveal that rental values in the study area are significantly influenced by topography, accessibility, infrastructural provision, and environmental conditions. Properties located on stable, elevated, and accessible terrain with better infrastructure command higher rental values, while those situated on steep, erosion-prone, or poorly drained land attract lower rents. The study concludes that irregular topography plays a critical role in shaping rental value patterns and recommends improved infrastructure provision, erosion control measures, and the incorporation of topographical considerations into professional rental valuation practice.

Construction sites are among the most hazardous workplaces, exposing workers to various risks such as falls from heights, electrocution, exposure to hazardous materials, equipment malfunctions, structural collapses, and site-related accidents. In Benin City, where urban development and infrastructure expansion are accelerating, construction safety has become a critical concern for stakeholders, including construction firms, workers, regulatory bodies, and policymakers. Despite existing safety regulations, the high rate of workplace accidents continues to raise concerns about the adequacy and enforcement of site safety measures. This study critically evaluates the impact of site safety measures on construction activities in Benin City, with a focus on their effectiveness in reducing accidents, improving worker well-being, enhancing productivity, and ensuring overall project efficiency. This research adopts a mixed-methods approach, integrating both qualitative and quantitative methodologies to provide a comprehensive analysis of the subject matter. Primary data is obtained through structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews conducted with key stakeholders, including construction workers, site supervisors, project managers, safety officers, and government regulatory agencies responsible for occupational health and safety (OHS) compliance. The study also incorporates secondary data from construction incident reports, safety audits, and regulatory compliance records from agencies such as the National Occupational Safety and Health Administration (NOSHA) and the Federal Ministry of Labour and Employment. Key safety measures examined in this research include the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), the implementation of hazard identification and risk mitigation strategies, the presence and effectiveness of safety training programs, the enforcement of standard operating procedures (SOPs), emergency preparedness and response plans, adherence to xi occupational health and safety (OHS) guidelines, and the overall safety culture within construction firms. Using statistical analysis, the study establishes a correlation between safety compliance and key performance indicators such as accident frequency rates, worker efficiency levels, project timelines, and financial implications of safety violations, including compensation claims, legal liabilities, and project delays. Furthermore, qualitative insights from stakeholders provide a deeper understanding of challenges affecting safety enforcement. These include inadequate funding for safety programs, lack of worker awareness and training, resistance to compliance due to cost implications, ineffective supervision, and weak government enforcement mechanisms. The study also explores the role of emerging technologies, such as wearable safety devices, automated monitoring systems, and Building Information Modeling (BIM), in enhancing safety measures and reducing risks in construction sites. Findings from this research are expected to reveal critical gaps in existing safety practices while identifying areas for improvement. The study aims to provide evidence-based recommendations for enhancing safety policies, strengthening compliance with regulatory frameworks, fostering a proactive safety culture, and integrating innovative safety technologies into construction site management. The research underscores the importance of prioritizing worker safety not only as a moral obligation but also as a strategic approach to boosting productivity, reducing project costs, and improving overall construction efficiency. Ultimately, this study contributes to the broader discourse on construction safety in Nigeria, serving as a valuable resource for construction companies, policymakers, safety practitioners, and regulatory bodies seeking to implement sustainable safety interventions. By reinforcing site safety measures, the construction industry in Benin City can achieve a xii safer, more efficient, and more productive working environment, aligning with global best practices in occupational health and safety

This project report presents the findings of a route survey conducted for the Evbhuku community road in Oredo Local Government Area, Edo State, Nigeria. The survey employed Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) technology. The primary goal was to collect accurate topographic and cadastral data required for designing a new road and determining the necessary Right-of-Way. Fieldwork was carried out using two Hi-Target V300 GNSS receivers operating in Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) mode. This setup was used to map a 2-kilometer proposed corridor connecting Obe, Evbhuku, and Amagba communities. Data collected included the road's centerline, ground elevations at 25-meter intervals, and the locations of all existing features and property encroachments. The collected data was processed using Autodesk Civil 3D software. This involved converting coordinates to the local map grid and creating a detailed digital model of the terrain. From this model, engineering drawings were produced, including road plans, elevation profiles, and cross-sections. The survey also calculated earthwork volumes, identifying a net requirement to excavate approximately 13,115 cubic meters of material. The results confirm the survey achieved the necessary accuracy for road design. A major finding was the identification of significant land encroachment by buildings and a market along the first 350 meters of the route, which must be resolved before construction can begin. This project provides the essential mapped foundation for the subsequent stages of the road's development.

The artistic performances by Jelili Atiku have been locally and internationally commended for its strong messages and unique approach toward the treatment of social issues. In his works, Atiku uses symbolic gestures, costumes, and props (objects of art) as visual language in dealing with cultural heritage and contemporary issues with which individuals and communities are faced. The study is set out to fill observable gaps in the comprehensive analysis of the cultural symbolisms in Jelili Atiku's performances. His work has garnered attention for its provocative stance, visual impact and thematic depth. However, there is a need to delve deeper into the cultural references and symbolisms embedded in his art. Thus, decoding their real meanings. This study aimed to investigate the imbedded meanings of the cultural symbolism that Atiku features in his artistic displays/performances. The specific objectives include: to clearly identify who Jelili Atiku is, to assess the cultural symbolisms present in Jelili Atiku's artistic performances, to clearly state the meanings/references of these symbolisms in provoking social and political commentaries, to determine Jelili Atiku’s performance philosophy and techniques, to assess the impact of his performances on his audience perceptions/interpretation.The study employed a qualitative means of analyzing the performances/artworks of Atiku, using iconography, participant observation and contextual analytic methods within an art historical approach. A review of critical and scholarly literature on his works, together with multiple interviews with the artist himself were utilized. The findings of this study includes discovering the actual references and contextual meanings of cultural symbols used by Jelili Atiku in some of his performances and also pinpointing that Atiku’s performances incorporate symbols from various indigenous cultures , nations and language all over the world into his works. Especially the indigenous culture of his subject matters. The researcher recommends that Performance art be academically infused into the visual art curriculum in Nigeria’s Tertiary education offered by various art schools and fine Art teaching Universities/institutions.

The construction industry is one of the largest consumers of natural resources and a major contributor to environmental degradation due to excessive material consumption, energy use, and waste generation. Conventional construction practices typically operate under a linear economic model, which follows the process of “take, make, use, and dispose.” This model has been widely criticized for promoting unsustainable resource use and increasing environmental pressure. In response to these challenges, the circular economy (CE) has emerged as an alternative framework that promotes sustainability through resource efficiency, waste reduction, material reuse, and lifecycle optimization in building construction and design. This research examines the circular economy as a sustainable approach to building construction and architectural design, with particular focus on its relevance and potential application within the Nigerian construction industry. The study investigates the principles of circular economy, evaluates global practices in circular construction, and assesses the level of awareness and implementation of circular economy strategies among individuals within the construction-related field.A mixed research approach was adopted, combining an extensive review of relevant literature with empirical data obtained through a structured questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was distributed through Google Forms to students, student architects, architects, engineers, and other participants familiar with construction activities, particularly within Benin City and the University of Benin community. A total of 52 valid responses were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistical methods such as frequency distribution and percentage analysis. Charts and graphical illustrations were also used to present the findings clearly. The results indicate that although awareness of circular economy concepts is gradually increasing, the actual implementation of circular construction practices within the Nigerian construction sector remains relatively low. Major challenges identified include limited awareness and technical knowledge, high cost of sustainable materials, lack of supportive policies and regulations, and resistance to change within traditional construction practices. Despite these barriers, the findings suggest that the adoption of circular economy principles has significant potential to improve sustainability in the built environment by reducing construction waste, conserving resources, and encouraging innovative design solutions. The study concludes that integrating circular economy strategies into building construction and architectural design can contribute significantly to sustainable development in Nigeria. It therefore recommends increased awareness, policy support, professional training, and the incorporation of circular economy principles into architectural education and construction practices

Sincere gratitude goes to The Almighty God for his immeasurable support and provision for the success of this project. My deepest gratitude also goes to my Supervisors, Dr. El-Dragg Okwoju and Prof. E. Imonikebe for their continuous guidance and expertise during the course of this project. Their valuable insights and feedback have been instrumental in shaping the direction of this research. I am also grateful to the Head of Department of Fine and Applied Art, Dr. Daniel .N. Osariyekemwen and the course adviser, Dr. Paul Aikhionbare. Sincere gratitude also goes to my head of Section, Mrs. Esther Esizimetor, for her advice and encouragement during this project. And to my lecturers who have also in time past helped build and train me academically, morally and otherwise, I say thank you. Sincere and utmost thanks also goes to my wonderful family, my parents, Mr and Mrs Ehizele and my siblings, Mr. Godsent, Mrs. Paula and Mrs. Phill, for their support and encouragement.

The quality of students’ halls of residence plays a significant role in shaping comfort, wellbeing, and academic productivity within the university environment. This study focused on the architectural evaluation of students’ halls of residence at the University of Benin, using Hall 4 (Male Hostel) as a case study, with the aim of assessing its spatial layout, environmental performance, facilities, and students’ level of satisfaction. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. Data were collected through the administration of a structured questionnaire to 295 residents of Hall 4, alongside direct physical observation and photographic documentation of the hostel environment. The data obtained were presented in tables and analyzed using frequency counts, percentages, and descriptive interpretation. Findings from the study revealed that although the hall remains functional as a residential facility, several challenges exist, particularly in the areas of poor natural ventilation, inadequate sanitary facilities, insufficient maintenance, limited room space, and low overall student satisfaction. Physical observation further confirmed visible signs of poor maintenance, aging furniture, stained wall finishes, and poorly maintained washrooms and toilets. The study concluded that the architectural performance of Hall 4 does not fully support a comfortable and conducive living environment for students. Based on the findings, the study recommended improved ventilation strategies, renovation of sanitary facilities, better maintenance culture, upgrading of communal spaces, and periodic post-occupancy evaluation to enhance the quality of student residential facilities within the University of Benin.

This study was carried out to examine the assessment and impact of outdoor seating area in campus environment using the Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Benin as case study. To guide the study, three questions were raised and descriptive research design was used for the research work. The population of the study was students from the Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Benin from which a sample size of 50 random respondents was taken. The reliability of the research instrument was determined using the test retest reliability measure and simple percentage technique was used for data analysis. Findings from the survey conducted reveals that larger percentage of respondents strongly agreed that outdoor seating area has impact on students academics, physical and mental health, and social interactions. Most of the respondents agreed that infrastructures such as outdoor seats, lightings, green areas etc. are inadequate and also agreed with the need to construct new outdoor seating areas and renovate existing ones in the campus.

The increasing digitalization of the construction industry has highlighted the growingrelevance of virtual platforms as alternatives to traditional face-to-face site meetings. Thisstudy examines the use, benefits, and challenges of virtual platforms for constructionsitemeetings in Benin City, Nigeria, where infrastructural limitations and cultural preferencesinfluence technology adoption. A quantitative research design was employed, withdatacollected from 140 construction professionals—including architects, engineers, quantitysurveyors, and contractors—selected from a target population of 842. Using MeanItemScores (MIS), the findings show that Google Meet, Zoom, and WhatsApp are themost commonly used virtual platforms due to their accessibility and low data requirements. Keybenefits identified include enhanced stakeholder participation regardless of location, reducedmeeting costs, time savings, and improved documentation. However, major barrierstoeffective adoption remain, such as poor internet connectivity, unstable power supply, limitedtechnical skills, and low acceptance among older professionals. The study concludes that
while virtual platforms significantly improve communication efficiency and stakeholder engagement, their full potential is hindered by infrastructural and cultural constraints. It recommends targeted digital training, improved technological infrastructure, and hybrid meeting models to support sustainable digital transformation in Benin City’s construction sector.