CRITICAL EVALUATION OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY AS A SUSTAINABLE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND DESIGN METHOD

The construction industry is one of the largest consumers of natural resources and a major contributor to environmental degradation due to excessive material consumption, energy use, and waste generation. Conventional construction practices typically operate under a linear economic model, which follows the process of “take, make, use, and dispose.” This model has been widely criticized for promoting unsustainable resource use and increasing environmental pressure. In response to these challenges, the circular economy (CE) has emerged as an alternative framework that promotes sustainability through resource efficiency, waste reduction, material reuse, and lifecycle optimization in building construction and design. This research examines the circular economy as a sustainable approach to building construction and architectural design, with particular focus on its relevance and potential application within the Nigerian construction industry. The study investigates the principles of circular economy, evaluates global practices in circular construction, and assesses the level of awareness and implementation of circular economy strategies among individuals within the construction-related field.A mixed research approach was adopted, combining an extensive review of relevant literature with empirical data obtained through a structured questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was distributed through Google Forms to students, student architects, architects, engineers, and other participants familiar with construction activities, particularly within Benin City and the University of Benin community. A total of 52 valid responses were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistical methods such as frequency distribution and percentage analysis. Charts and graphical illustrations were also used to present the findings clearly. The results indicate that although awareness of circular economy concepts is gradually increasing, the actual implementation of circular construction practices within the Nigerian construction sector remains relatively low. Major challenges identified include limited awareness and technical knowledge, high cost of sustainable materials, lack of supportive policies and regulations, and resistance to change within traditional construction practices. Despite these barriers, the findings suggest that the adoption of circular economy principles has significant potential to improve sustainability in the built environment by reducing construction waste, conserving resources, and encouraging innovative design solutions. The study concludes that integrating circular economy strategies into building construction and architectural design can contribute significantly to sustainable development in Nigeria. It therefore recommends increased awareness, policy support, professional training, and the incorporation of circular economy principles into architectural education and construction practices