IMPACT

This study examines the impact of monetary policy on banking sector stability in Nigeria from 2010 to 2024, using Return on Equity (ROE) as a proxy for stability and analyzing the effects of Monetary Policy Rate (MPR), Inflation Rate (INF), Exchange Rate (EXR), and Broad Money Supply (MS). The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach is employed. The short-run results indicate significant negative effects of money supply (coefficient -0.131599, p=0.0117) and inflation (coefficient -0.223254, p=0.0142) on ROE, with MPR showing a mixed impact (positive initially, coefficient 0.222074, p=0.0856; negative lagged, coefficient -0.216642, p=0.0897), and exchange rate being insignificant. Long-run results show no significant effects (p-values 0.61880.9607), supported by the ARDL bounds test (F-statistic 2.23869), though the Johansen test suggests two cointegrating relationships (p=0.0203, 0.027). The Error Correction Model indicates a weak adjustment process (coefficient 0.113123, p=0.5859), reflecting structural inefficiencies. Diagnostic tests confirm model robustness with normal residuals (Jarque-Bera p=0.451992), homoskedasticity (Breusch-Pagan Godfrey p=0.1132), and no significant serial correlation (Breusch-Godfrey p=0.1101). The findings highlight that monetary policy significantly influences banking stability in the short run Through liquidity and inflation but has limited long-run impact due to weak policy transmission. The recommendations by the study include cautious monetary expansion, robust inflation targeting, exchange rate stabilization, and enhanced banking resilience through stricter regulations. Addressing structural rigidities is also crucial for improving monetary policy effectiveness and ensuring sustainable banking sector stability in Nigeria which will ultimately contribute to broader economic growth.

The aim of this study was examine the impact of Covid-19 on small and medium scale enterprise in Edo State. Four research questions were raised to guide this study. What extent does the COVID-19 pandemic impact SMEs in Edo state? To what extent has the COVID-19 pandemic impacted patronage of small and medium scale enterprise (SMEs) in Edo State? To what extent has the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the availability of workers in small and medium scale enterprise (SMEs) in Edo State? To what level has the
COVID-19 pandemic impacted the sales of goods of small and medium
scale enterprise (SMEs) in Edo state?
A descriptive survey research was employed for this study. The population of the study consist of all the small and medium scale enterprise in Egor local government area of Edo State. A sample of 100 employees were randomly selected from 20 different business enterprise from the population. Questionnaire was the instrument used to elicit information from the respondents. The data collected was analysed using simple percentages. In order to ascertain the reliability of the instrument, it was administered to
hundred (100) employees selected from similar status as those in those used in the study however after the administration of the 100 questionnaire the data collected was analysed. From the findings of this study it was seen that the Covid-19 pandemic
impacted on small and medium scale enterprise (SMEs) in Edo State leading to loss of job to some workers. It was also seen that the Covid-19 pandemic impacted patronage of small and medium scale enterprise in Edo State. Also the Covid-19 pandemic impacted the sales of goods which led to a fall in revenue and resulted in a low profit ratio. So the recommendation includes, the government should invest more into small and medium scale business to ensure their survival during difficult times. Also the small and medium scale enterprise owners should identify and focus on their most valuable products and services and eliminate everything else.

The research examines how affordable teaching materials affect students' understanding of heat transfer at the University of Benin. Two research questions and two hypotheses were developed and answered to guide the study. A quasi-experimental survey design was utilized, with 50 participants selected purposefully from the Health, Safety, and Environmental Education (HSE) department, specifically 100 level students. A structured questionnaire created by the researcher was used to collect data, which was then analyzed using mean, standard deviation and frequency counts for descriptive purposes. The findings indicate that inexpensive teaching materials have a significant impact on both teaching and learning processes, as well as on the long-term retention of environmental education knowledge when implemented in instruction.