IMPACT

Generally, Nigerian civil service has been politicized to the extent that most top of icials openly support the government of the day and this had grossly af ected various strategic intents of policy formulation and implementation in the service. The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of socio-political conflict on ef ectiveness of civil service in Edo State civil service. The study relies on secondary sources of data collection, such as public service reforms, textbooks, journal articles, newspapers and the internet based materials. Data analysis techniques are content, thematic, historical and secondary data analyses. The finding of the paper shows that the Edo State civil service has been politicized to the extent that most top of icials openly use the public bureaucracy to consolidate their position and reputation. The paper concludes that the influence of politics in the Edo State civil service cannot bring about any change or improve ef iciency, rather it will generate a conflicting and non-cooperativerelationship between the public bureaucrats and the political of iceholders. The paper recommends ‘blind to dif erences’ approach in theState civil service employment process, which hinges on merit in a competitive employment process

Secession has been noticeably absent from International Relations theory although its role in the creation and recognition of states is clearly relevant.' Traditionally, the dominant perspective in International Relations have not questioned state formation and this has effectively barred secession as a topic since it cannot be thoroughly treated without looking across the inside/outside divide of state sovereignty. Secession must be placed in its historical context — as a phenomenon only possible in the modem era and only perceived as a global threat in this century Theorists from other disciplines who have discussed secession have reached on a problem-solving theoretical perspective which has kept them from considering secession as an outcome of problematic assumptions about identity and territory in the international system. In contrast, a critical theoretical perspective, which affirms the constitutive processes of historical discourse allows an analysis of secession which exposes the contingency of its basic assumptions.

The study was carried out to assess the impact of instructional materials in teaching and learning Biology in senior secondary schools a case study in Oredo Local Government Area. The study was guided by four research questions were raised to guide the study. The Descriptive survey research design was adopted for this study and the population of Senior Secondary School Students in Oredo Local Government Area. The sample size of one hundred students and twenty teachers made up the respondents was achieved using the simple random sampling technique. The data collected from both teachers and students were analyzed using the Cronbach Alpha statistics. An Alpha value of .78 and .72 were obtained. The data were analyzed, tabulated, interpreted and then discussed. Percentage and frequency were adopted as a method of data analysis.
The findings of the study therefore clearly revealed that; teachers consider instructional materials as key to academic performance. Lack of school library, lack of books and lack of reliable internet connection are some of the challenges encountered in the use of instructional materials. Improvisation and borrowing of instructional materials that are not available is of the method utilized in minimizing shortages of instructional materials. Following the findings of the study, the researcher recommends below; teachers should try hands on the production of simple aids so that students can see what they are talking about in the lessons. The government should establish resources centers to enable teachers borrow teaching aids which may not be in the schools.

This study explored the impact of parent-child relationship on the academic achievement of their children in Ovia North East local government area of Edo State In order to achieve the intended objectives of this study, three research questions were raised and hypothesized and tested at 0.05 chi level. The survey research design was used for the study. The population of the study comprised all SSS2 students in all the secondary schools in Ovia North East L.G.A. of Edo State. A total of 100 students were used as the sample size and the simple random
sampling technique is used to select the sample size. The technique used involved the random selection of five (5) schools within the study area. For each schools, 20 students were randomly selected, totaling 100, which made up the sample size. The instrument used for data collection was a structured questionnaire titled “The Impact of Parent-Child Relationship on Academic Achievement”. A well-structured questionnaire was the instrument used to elicit information for the study. The questionnaire was validated by the researcher’s project supervisor and two other lecturers in the Department of Educational Evaluation and Counseling Psychology, Faculty of Education University of Benin. The instrument was administered to 20 respondents who were not part of the study and a reliability coefficient of 0.64 was obtained which shows that the instrument is reliable. The questionnaire was administered to respondents personally by the researcher and retrieved at the spot. The data collected were analysed using one sample t-Test statistics for all the hypotheses.
The findings of the study revealed that favorable home environments positively influence academic outcomes, also, differences in the quality of home environments or other external factors influences academic performance of students. Equally, that the home environment impacts academic achievement and significantly influences secondary school students' academic success. Furthermore, the research revealed that there is a slightly negative perception of the effectiveness of parent-school communication on academic achievement, that parent-school communication does not significantly influence students' academic achievement, rather it is an integral aspect of school dynamics, but may not independently drive academic achievement. Hence other contributing factors such as home-based parental support, teacher-student interactions, peer influence, etc. should be explored. Finally, that the level of parental involvement positively influences students' academic achievement, that is, parents who are actively engaged in their children's educational activities tend to foster better academic outcomes. It was recommended that Schools and educators should work closely with families to ensure that the home environment supports educational success, that is, families should be encouraged and guided to create structured and nurturing environments for learning

The study was carried out to examine the impact of online teaching and
learning on the academic performance of undergraduate students in the department of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education, University of Benin. Five research questions was raised for this study: What are the social media platforms used by undergraduate students in the Department of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education, University of Benin?, To what extent are social media platforms used by undergraduate students in the Department of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education, University of Benin?, How does social media
influences the academic performance of undergraduate students in the Department of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education University of Benin. The research design that was used is the research survey technique and the data collected was analysed using a simple percentage and frequency table. The major findings of this research, revealed that the Impact of Online Teaching and Learning on the Academic Performance of undergraduate students in the Department of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education, University of Benin can be analyzed through several lenses and it has potential to provide access to education for a wider range of students.

War is an organized large-scale conflict between countries or national, ethnic, or other sizable groups, usually involving the engagement of military forces. As a form of conflict, it is a part and parcel of life and it can be said that just as peace is as old as the humankind, war is as old as creation. Conflicts are disagreements between individuals, groups and even sometimes nation states. In the case of nation states and ethnic groups, a mismanaged conflict may lead to actual warfare. Thus, conflict could be regarded as a fore-runner to actual warfare. Evidently, war disrupts society by causing massive displacements of people, devastation of economies and interruption of societal programme. A civil war is a conflict between groups within a single country, like the American Civil War between the north and south. Most wars are fought between different countries. However, in a civil war, a country has become divided, and factions within the country are battling each other. Therefore a civil war is a war between organized groups within
the same state or country in which the aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a region, or to change government

The Nigerian civil war often referred to as the Biafra war, is deeply ranked among the most tragic events that have left an indelible mark on the sand of time, in the historical of human existence especially with reference to the political landscape known as Nigeria. It remains an important and emotive episode that contributed in shaping the history of Nigerian to what we know at present. The war was a culmination of an uneasy peace and stability that had plagued the Nigerian state from independence in 1960.1 The two and half years (July 6th, 1967 - 14th February, 1970) was greeted with a sudden, though highly anticipated declaration of independence by the eastern region of Nigeria, under the name; “The Republic of Biafra”, under the leadership of Late LT. General Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu. This is the generation of the war that almost terminated the political existence of Nigeria as a sovereign
independent state. Upon that declaration, the Federal government moved to stop the disintegration of the country through secession; the action which resulted in an all-out war between the two factions. Although the civil war was fought from 1967 to 1970, the conflict
had far reaching ramifications on the country both in terms of the geopolitical changes and the lives of its citizens. Among those most profoundly affected by the war were the innocent and vulnerable children especially in Igbo land, including Onitsha children.

Background: Chronic disease such as diabetes and hypertension have become significant public health concerns worldwide. Effective self-care behavior amongst these patients is crucial for successful management of their health and prevention of complications. With the emergence of
mobile health technology there is a vast growing interest in utilizing this technology to facilitate and improve self-care behaviors amongst patients
Aim: To assess the impact of the "MedPlan Mobile App," an mHealth solution, on self-care behavior among hypertensive and diabetic patients at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital. Method: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted was used to collect data
on self-care behaviors and the use of the "MedPlan Mobile App” among hypertensive and diabetic patients. Out of the 280 questionnaires distributed, 267 were completed and used . Key findings: The largest demographic groups in the study were respondents aged 46-55 (44.2%), males (50.2%), and those diagnosed with a chronic condition for 1- <5 years (46.1%). Usage of the MedPlan mobile app, 68.4% reported using it most of the time or always, and 64.7% monitored their blood pressure/glucose levels regularly (most of the time or always). 69.9% reported using the App medication reminder feature and 70.3% found the video health tips feature useful (useful or very useful). Cronbach's Alpha, is high at 0.827. The t-value is 11.921, and the p-value is 0.000, indicating a significant positive association.
Conclusion: there is relationship between the duration of using the "MedPlan Mobile App" and the improvement of self-care behaviors among hypertensive and diabetic patients, there are some factors that influence patient engagement and adoption of the "MedPlan Mobile App", and there are challenges that hypertensive and diabetic patients face in adopting and using the "MedPlan Mobile App" to improve their self-care behaviors.

The persistent burden of malaria in sub-Sahara Africa despite different interventions spanning decades makes it a major public health concern, especially in this region. The study was aimed at investigating how malaria infection affects these hemorheologic factors (haematocrit, fibrinogen and whole blood viscosity) and understand their implications in the severity of the disease. This research was conducted at the University ofBenin, Benin City, on a a total of 35 students within the age range of 18-25 years. Blood samples were collected from the participant and tested for haematocrit, fibrinogen and whole blood viscosity using a micro hematocrit centrifuge, the clauss method, reid and ugwu method respectively. Twenty five students who had no traces of malaria infection were used as control. Results showed a non-significant decrease in Packed Cell Volume (PCV) in the test subjects when compared with the control subjects. There was also no significant increase in fibrinogen level and whole blood viscosity between the test subjects and the control subjects. However, on the basis of sex, the malaria-infected males showed marked difference in their haemorrhegic factors when compared to the non-infected control male subjects. While the haemorrhaegic factors of the malaria-infected female subjects did not differ significantly from the haemorrhaegic factors of the female control subjects. Thus, implying that the male subjects were responsible for the significant difference observed in the overall number of malaria-infected subjects in this study, due to slight changes in PCV Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the haemorrhaegic factors between the groups of control subjects overall and on the basis of sex. It can thus, be concluded that malaria infection does have an impact on haemorrhegic factors. In view of the attempts at eliminating malaria in sub-sahara Africa, everyone in the region must contribute their quota to its elimination.

Background: The study was carried out to examine the cause-effect relationship between monetary policy and foreign trade in Nigeria between 1981 and 2023. Objectives: the study were to determine the impact of exchange rate, money supply (M2) monetary policy rate, credit to private sector on foreign trade. Methods: The study adopted Descriptive statistics, Co-integration, Unit root test and Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method of analysis. The data used for this study were sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin and World Bank Development Indicators. Pre-estimation tests were
carried out on each of the variables using Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) unit root test to avoid spurious regression results. The cointegration test result showed that long-run equilibrium relationship exists between monetary policy and foreign trade in Nigeria. The empirical analysis was conducted using the methodology of Error Correction Model (ECM) approach.