INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

This study investigated the impact of Instructional Materials in the teaching and
learning of adult education in the University of Benin. The purpose of the study
was to find out the effectiveness of Instructional Materials in the teaching of Adult Education in University of Benin Edo State. Five research questions were raised. The research instrument was questionnaire. The population of study covered all adult education students in the University of Benin. Simple random sampling technique was used to select One hundred and five (105) students. The findings showed that Instructional Materials were very vital and important in improving the effectiveness of the teaching learning process in Adult Education Programme in the University of Benin. Hence, it was recommended that the use of teaching aid should be made available and compulsory for Adult education students in the University of Benin.

This study investigated the availability, functionality and utilization of instructional materials in the teaching and learning of basic science in junior secondary schools in Egor local Government area of Edo state. Four research questions were raised to guide the study. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The sample for the study consists of 40 basic science teachers from 20 junior secondary schools in Egor local Government area of Edo state. A questionnaire titled “Availability, Functionality, and Utilization of Instructional materials in the Teaching and Learning of Basic Science in Junior Secondary Schools in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State” and a checklist were the instrument used for data collection. Data collected from the respondents were analyzed using percentage, mean and standard deviation. Findings from the study revealed that majority of the required and essential instructional materials for effective basic science teaching were not available in schools. Basic science teachers fairly utilize instructional materials during classroom instruction. Teachers’ lack of motivation, short periods allocated to basic science classes on the school time-table, large class size, lack of supervision of teachers by school administrators and lack of in-service training for teachers were identified as challenges faced by basic science teachers in the utilization of instruction for basic science teaching. Lastly, inadequate funding to acquire instructional materials, high cost of instructional materials, poor implementation of educational policies, mismanagement of funds meant to purchase instructional materials and insufficient improvisation of instructional materials are factors affecting the availability of instructional materials in schools. Based on these findings, the study recommended that Government should ensure adequate provision of funds for the procurement of instructional materials that are not available in secondary schools. Government should provide incentives to motivate and enable teachers purchase instructional materials. Teachers should improvise instructional materials for basic science teaching where the standard ones are not available. Principals and school administrators should ensure strict supervision of basic science teachers to ensure the utilization of instructional materials. Government should provide in-service training for teachers on the utilization of instructional materials.

This research work was carried out to ascertain the effect of using instructional materials on
the teaching and learning of economics in public secondary schools in Egor local government
area of Edo State. It specifically examined various factors such as the extent in which
economics teachers get involved in the invention of instructional materials in the teaching
and learning of economics, the factors that determine the choice of instructional materials in
the teaching and learning of economics. The researcher employed descriptive survey and
sampled seven (7) schools from Egor local government area. Eighteen (18) respondents
(economics teachers) constitute the sample size in which 100% of the questionnaire was
retrieved. Three research questions were raised and they were answered with simple percentage. It was
found that the use of instructional materials affect students' performance in economics, teachers attend conferences to improvise instructional materials, students learn faster when instructional materials are used. Based on the findings, the following recommendations were made:
The remote problems and factors that affect the proper use of instructional materials should be brought to book and addressed and learners should be exposed to the use of instructional materials from the cradle for effective disposition and meaningful acquaintance.

The purpose of this research is on the extent of the use of instructional materials for effective teaching learning of History in Orsu Local Government Area of Imo state. This study reviewed works of several authors. To guide the study, four research questions were raised which are outlined thus, what are the types of instructional materials being used in teaching Senior Secondary School History in Orsu Local Government Area of Imo state? What are the problems faced by History teachers using instructional materials in teaching Senior Secondary
School History in Orsu Local Government Area of Imo state? What is the extent of availability of instructional materials in the teaching and learning of History in the secondary schools in Orsu Local Government Area of Imo state? How can the Factors and Problems affecting the use of instructional materials in Orsu Local Government be resolved?
The descriptive survey research design was used for this study. The population
of this study consists of the adult all adult learning centre in Imo metropolis. The population of the study comprised of two thousand six hundred and twenty- nine students (2,629) in the twenty (20) secondary senior schools in Orsu Local
Government Area of Imo state.The data collated were analyzed using simple
percentage.

The study was carried out to assess the impact of instructional materials in teaching and learning Biology in senior secondary schools a case study in Oredo Local Government Area. The study was guided by four research questions were raised to guide the study. The Descriptive survey research design was adopted for this study and the population of Senior Secondary School Students in Oredo Local Government Area. The sample size of one hundred students and twenty teachers made up the respondents was achieved using the simple random sampling technique. The data collected from both teachers and students were analyzed using the Cronbach Alpha statistics. An Alpha value of .78 and .72 were obtained. The data were analyzed, tabulated, interpreted and then discussed. Percentage and frequency were adopted as a method of data analysis.
The findings of the study therefore clearly revealed that; teachers consider instructional materials as key to academic performance. Lack of school library, lack of books and lack of reliable internet connection are some of the challenges encountered in the use of instructional materials. Improvisation and borrowing of instructional materials that are not available is of the method utilized in minimizing shortages of instructional materials. Following the findings of the study, the researcher recommends below; teachers should try hands on the production of simple aids so that students can see what they are talking about in the lessons. The government should establish resources centers to enable teachers borrow teaching aids which may not be in the schools.

This study was designed to analyze the challenges of teaching Biology in senior secondary schools in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State. This study was guided by four research questions.
The design adopted for this study is the descriptive survey research design. The population of the study consisted of all Secondary Schools in Egor Local Government Area. The research instrument used for this research is the questionnaire. The validity of the instrument was done by the supervisor. The data was analyzed with the use of simple percentages and mean.
The findings revealed that the lack of instructional materials and a non-conducive environment are some challenges of teaching Biology in senior secondary schools. It is recommended that the government and all stakeholders in the Ministry of Education should make provision for instructional materials to be
available in every public secondary school and that the teachers should also endeavor to incorporate the use of instructional materials in their lesson periods.

This research investigated Extent of the use of instructional materials for effective teaching and learning of home Economics in secondary school in Edo State. Three research question was raised. How effective is the use of audio instructional materials for effective teaching and learning of home economics in secondary schools in Edo state, what are the problems that are associated with the use of video instructional materials for effective teaching and learning of home economics in secondary schools in Edo state, How much awareness is been created on the use of audio-visual instructional materials for effective teaching and learning of home economics in secondary schools in Edo state. The purpose of the study was to examine the extent of the use of Instructional materials for effective teaching and learning of home economics in secondary school in Edo state. The objective was achieved by analyzing the data obtained on the sampled population, using survey research design and simple proportionate techniques I.e 20% of the population. The sample consist of 53 students drawn from four secondary schools in Ikpoba Okha Local Government Area Edo State. The instrument used for the survey is a questionnaire, which has two sections (A and B) and 15 items. Analysis of the data revealed that. From the above findings. conclusion were drawn and some recommendations were made which include that school authorities should provide avenue for practical which will aid effective teaching and learning of home economics in secondary schools, school authorities should not demand payment from students for the provision of instructional materials, because it will scare them from attending home economics classes, Government and school proprietors should organise training and retraining conference, seminar and workshops for teachers in order to equip them with modern method of teaching and how to utilize instructional materials which could enhance their teaching skills.