NIL

A pterygium is a wing shaped hyperplastic and fibrovascular growth of the conjunctiva encroaching onto the cornea. Cell apoptosis and cell proliferation processes are strongly associated with the development and progression of pterygium. Esthetic concerns, irregular astigmatism, decreased vision and blindness are important issues associated with this condition if left untreated. Commercial motorcyclists in Benin City, Nigeria, have been found to have a high prevalence of pterygium. There has been a dearth of information about pterygium prevalence among commercial bus drivers in Benin Metropolis. This research paper seeks to highlight the prevalence, severity and pattern distribution of pterygium among this group. A total of one hundred and twenty two (122) commercial bus drivers with one to five years driving experience in Benin Metropolis was included in the study. A questionnaire which was divided into two parts A and B was administered to the subjects. Visual acuity was measured using the Snellen's literate and Tumbling letter "E' chart under standard testing conditions in order to determine the level of vision and for legal purposes. Penlight was used for external examination to determine the position and extent of pterygium

The advent of the internet has revolutionized various aspects of human life, including education. However, this progress has also given rise to new forms of crime, specifically cybercrime. Cybercrime refers to any illegal activity that primarily uses a computer as its medium. This broad category encompasses actions such as hacking, phishing, identity theft, and online scams. In recent years, Nigeria has witnessed a significant surge in cybercrime, with university students being notably involved. This trend poses a grave concern for many educational institutions, including the University of Benin. The involvement of students in these illicit activities tarnishes the reputation of their respective institutions and poses severe threats to their academic achievements¹.

The term business refers to an organization or enterprising entity engaged in commercial, industrial, or professional activities (Adam Hayes 2023). The purpose of a business is to organize some sort of economic production of goods or services. Businesses can be for-profit entities or non-profit organizations fulfilling a charitable mission or furthering a social cause. Businesses range in scale and scope from sole proprietorships to large, international corporations. Sustainability disclosure dates back to the historical beginnings of environmental reporting (Glendanique, 2017). The first sets of environmental reports were published in the late 1980s by companies in the chemical industry which had serious image problems, for instance, a huge PVC producer was denied permits to develop a site near Houston after residents organized to block the plant. Officials who supported the project privately conceded that the company and industry’s image as dangerous and greedy made the difference in blocking what technically was an unobjectionable proposal

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common endocrine disorder, affecting over 100 million people worldwide, which accounts for approximately 6% of the global population. It is caused by either a deficiency in insulin production or the body’s inability to effectively use insulin, leading to abnormal blood glucose levels. This condition can damage multiple body systems, particularly
the blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, heart, and nerves (Ismail, 2019). Diabetes mellitus is classified into two main types: insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM, Type I) and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM, Type II). Type I diabetes is an autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation and destruction of insulin producing cells in the pancreas, while Type II diabetes is marked by insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion

Food preservation is an important aspect of extending shelf life and ensuring food safety. Calcium propionate is a widely used preservative that inhibits mold growth and extends the shelf life of baked products such as biscuits. Concerns have been raised about the potential health implications of the intake of excessive amounts of calcium propionate including its neurological as well as metabolic effects. This study focuses on the colorimetric assay of calcium propionate in commercially produced biscuits to determine its concentration and evaluate compliance with permissible food additive limits. In this analysis, a colorimetric method was employed, based on the reaction of propionate anions with ferric cations to produce a reddish-brown complex. A UV–visible spectrophotometer was used to measure the absorbance of the resultant solution at a wavelength of 600nm and the concentration was determined from a standard calibration curve.

This project explores the Effect of Electoral Malpractices on Nigeria’s Democracy through the lens of visual art. It focuses on how Nigerian painters depict these themes in their work, analyzing the techniques, styles, mediums, and colors they use. By closely examining various artworks and artist statements, the study aims to higlight the role of art in advocating for better electoral process. The Ways in which paintings that portray electoral malpractice reflect the societal impacts of vote rigging on Nigeria’s political stability and public trust. How Nigerian artists use painting to highlight the long-term effects of electoral corruption on socioeconomic inequalities and public disillusionment.The aim of the study was to know how Nigerian painters depict the themes of electoral malpractices and what visual elements are commonly used to convey these issues.

This research work is aimed at establishing and testing for existing relationship between the Nigerian Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the indicators of the Nigerian Stock Market. Market capitalization and All Share Price Index are used as proxies for stock market indicators. Annual data set from 1996 to 2024 are used in the research work. The relationship is explored both in the general sense using multiple linear regression analysis and in the period-based (period of global financial crisis and period of no global financial crisis) using
dummy regression analysis. Detailed analysis of the data using the multiple linear regression analysis revealed a strong significant multiple linear relationship among the response and the predictor variables with a coefficient of multiple determination, R2 of about 0.707 which explains about 93% of the total variations in the response variable. The result from the dummy regression analysis shows even a stronger linear relationship among the predictor variables and the response variables with R2 of about 0.93 which explains about 93% of the
total variation in the response variable Y. The coefficient of the dummy variable is significantly different from zero which point to the need to analyse the variables based on the two economic period. It also represent the average decrease in the response variables Y as a result of the global financial crisis given the indicators of the Nigerian stock market.

This study was undertaken to design and evaluate the performance of an electric motor-driven pellet mill intended for animal feed production. The developed pellet mill comprises several key components, including a feed hopper, pelleting chamber, pellet roll, die plate, and frame. It is powered by a 5 horsepower electric motor and operates utilizing a roll-type extrusion press to
expel the formulated feeds through the die plate. As the pellet rolls rotate, they apply pressure that facilitates the rearrangement of particles, thereby filling the voids of the die plate. During the compression phase, the pressure increases, prompting brittle particles to fracture and malleable particles to deform, which allows them to be processed through the die and emerge as pellets. The pellets subsequently fall due to the impact generated by the rotating die plate. This apparatus is capable of producing pellets with a diameter of 5 mm and a length of 25 mm. An investment of #323,000 is necessary for the procurement of the pellet mill and the construction of its housing. Financial analysis indicates that utilizing the CPU-CARES Formulated Starter Mash for pelleting feeds would be a profitable endeavor, yielding a rate of return of 423% on the capital invested. Furthermore, the benefits realized amount to 16% of the incurred costs, and the initial investment, inclusive of housing, can be recouped in less than three months. Based on these findings, the pellet mill has demonstrated its ability to transform dusty mashed feeds into pellets, producing a considerable quantity of pellets daily.

The primary objectives of this research is to develop a suitable mix design to achieve high strength concrete by replacing cement with eggshell powder and addition of corn fiber as an additive. This study aims to understand the effect of using egg shell powder and corn fiber in concrete production in construction works. This methodology used for the development of high strength concrete through partial replacement of cement with eggshell powder and corn fiber as an additive entails using a methodical approach which includes using a suitable mix design and conducting series of tests on the concrete, these tests include: slump test, sieve analysis, aggregates impact value test, specific gravity test, durability test, compression test and flexural test on the concrete. As seen in the research work, there was a noticeable but minute decrease in the slump as the replacement % increases , an increase in durability as the eggshell powder % increases for 5% and 10% but reduced by 15% replacement, there was also an increase in the compressive strength for the 5% and 15% replacement concrete with 5% having the highest strength but a decrease in strength occurred in the 10% replacement concrete. It was also noted that the flexural strength of the concrete increased as the replacement % increases with 10% having the highest strength.

This study examined the effect of positioning and duration of storage on the egg quality of ISA Brown chickens. Eggs from ISA Brown layers were stored under controlled conditions and arranged in different storage positions for varying periods. The aim was to determine how storage orientation and length of storage influence both internal and external egg quality parameters. Key quality indicators such as egg weight, shell strength, albumen height, yolk index, and Haugh unit were evaluated at different storage intervals.

The results indicated that prolonged storage duration led to a gradual decline in egg quality, particularly affecting albumen thickness and yolk stability. Eggs stored for longer periods showed lower Haugh unit values and reduced internal quality compared to freshly stored eggs. Storage positioning also had noticeable effects, as certain orientations helped maintain better structural integrity and reduced quality deterioration over time.

The findings suggest that both storage duration and positioning play important roles in preserving egg quality after laying. Proper storage practices can therefore help maintain the nutritional and market value of eggs from ISA Brown chickens. It is recommended that eggs be stored for shorter periods and in appropriate positions to reduce quality loss and ensure better consumer acceptability.