FACULTY OF PHARMACY

UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION OF COMMUNITY PHARMACIES AND THEIR SERVICES IN EKOSODIN COMMUNITY,EDO STATE

Submitted by Prudence on
Author(s)
OSOLU ABIGAIL AMARACHI
Faculty
FACULTY OF PHARMACY
Department
DEPARTMENT OF CLINICAL PHARMACY AND PHARMACY PRACTICE
Year of Publication
2023
Keyword
UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION OF COMMUNITY PHARMACIES AND THEIR SERVICES IN EKOSODIN COMMUNITY,EDO STATE
upload
Osolu Abigail's project - Copy.pdf
Publication Type
Undergraduate Project
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Community pharmacies play a crucial role in providing healthcare services to the general population including students but there is limited research on how this particular demographic perceives and engages community pharmacies. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to investigate university students’ perception towards community pharmacies and their health services in Ekosodin community, Benin City, Edo state. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 university students living in the Ekosodin community. A self-administered questionnaire was the primary tool for data collection and consisted of 3 sections: respondent’s demographics, reasons for/frequency of pharmacy visits and assessment of satisfaction levels and actionable feedback. Collected data were analyzed through both descriptive and inferential statistics using statistical software such as the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 21). RESULTS: Out of 400 respondents, 344 (86%) identified medicine purchases as the main reason for visiting the community pharmacy. The role of the pharmacist was seen as satisfactory with a mean score of 4.10 (maximum of 5) while commonly expected health screening services were blood pressure measurements and malaria parasite tests (253, 63%). The majority (273, 68.3%) were willing to discuss medicines prescribed for them with the pharmacist with a lack of privacy often cited as the main barrier to communication (239, 59.8%). CONCLUSION: The study revealed that the majority of university students were satisfied with the provided health services and perceive community pharmacists as drug experts whom they can willingly discuss medication issues with. However, the lack of privacy in the pharmacy hindered effective communication.
Supervisor(s)
PROF. VALENTINE U.ODILI
co-supervisor
NIL

PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY STUDY OF Artemisia annua L. LEAVES (ASTERACEAE)

Submitted by Nwosu Kelechi on
Author(s)
BUKOLA ESTHER OLOWOEYO
Faculty
FACULTY OF PHARMACY
Department
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY
Year of Publication
2025
Keyword
PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY
Artemisia annua L. LEAVES
ASTERACEAE
upload
M.Sc project - Bukola-4.pdf
Publication Type
Master Dissertation
Abstract
Artemisia annua (Asteraceae), commonly known as sweet wormwood, has been widely used in traditional medicine for treating fevers, malaria, and various infections. While it’s active component, artemisinin, is well known for its antimalarial properties, recent studies have suggested that other bioactive compounds in A. annua may also exhibit significant antimicrobial activity. However, the antimicrobial potential of A. annua leaf extract, particularly against multidrug-resistant bacteria, remains underexplored. This study was therefore designed to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of A. annua leaves and identify constituents with potential antimicrobial activity. The research involved the collection and authentication of A. annua leaves, extraction and fractionation using organic solvents of varying polarity (n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol), acute toxicity screening and antimicrobial testing against selected bacterial strains. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) were employed to identify bioactive compounds in the most active fractions. The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity, with significant inhibitory effects on a broad spectrum of bacteria. Key bioactive compounds
identified include scopoletin, deoxyqinghaosu, naringenin, kaempferol, and sapogenin. Acute toxicity studies revealed a high safety margin for A. annua extract. These findings highlight A. annua’s potential as a natural antimicrobial agent, offering a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to synthetic antibiotics, particularly in resource-limited settings.
Supervisor(s)
Osayemwenre Erharuyi
co-supervisor
NIL

EVALUATION OF THE ATTENUATING PROPERTIES OF VITAMIN C ON SOME ISONIAZID INDUCED NEUROPATHIES IN RATS

Submitted by Nwosu Kelechi on
Author(s)
BELLO HAJARAH UMMIH
Faculty
FACULTY OF PHARMACY
Department
DEPARMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY
Year of Publication
2023
Keyword
ATTENUATING PROPERTIES
VITAMIN C
ISONIAZID
SOMEINDUCED NEUROPATHIES
RATS
upload
Hajara's Pharm D Dissertion - Ray_0.pdf
Publication Type
Undergraduate Project
Abstract
Isoniazid is a widely used drug in tuberculosis treatment regimens. Its application in direct observed therapy short course ”(DOTS) along with other medications has been well documented to be efficacious and effective. However, since its introduction over 70 years ago, it has been found to possess adverse effects as the induction of neuropathies. There are estimates that as many as 10 % of patients receiving isoniazid will develop some form of neuropathy. Introduction of new medications to stop these neuropathies still pose a challenge. Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) is currently recommended with isoniazid therapy to avert induction of neuropathy. Although ,the potential of vitamin C as an antioxidant to prevent induced neuropathies has been suggested based on previous studies, the findings from this study were intended to contribute valuable insights into the potential therapeutic role of vitamin C as an adjuvant to mitigate neuropathic complications in isoniazid- based therapies. Using well-established animal models, we assessed the effects of vitamin C supplementation on the development and progression of some neuropathic symptoms induced by isoniazid administration. Male Wistar rats were divided into six groups: control, isoniazid-treated (800 mg/kg), and combination-treated; Isoniazid with vitamin C in low (7.5 mg/kg), medium (15 mg/kg), high (30 mg/kg) daily doses and isoniazid with pyridoxine (50 mg/kg). Behavioural assessments, including sensory and motor function tests, were conducted at the end of a seven day period to monitor the onset and severity of neuropathy. In conclusion, our findings revealed that isoniazid administration led to a significant decline in sensory and motor functions indicative of peripheral nerve damage. Vitamin C supplementation did not demonstrate a remarkable attenuation of these neuropathic manifestations. Rats co- administered with isoniazid and vitamin C did not exhibit any improvement in sensory and motor functions when compared with the control and standard therapy of pyridoxine. These results negate the potential neuroprotective effects of vitamin C against isoniazid-induced peripheral neuropathy
Supervisor(s)
Ray I. Ozolua
co-supervisor
NIL

ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES AND GC-MS ANALYSIS OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF Azadirachta indica STEM BARK

Submitted by Nwosu Kelechi on
Author(s)
LAWAL ABIOLA AFEEZ
Faculty
FACULTY OF PHARMACY
Department
PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLGY
Year of Publication
2025
Keyword
ANTIMICROBIAL AND OF OF
STUDIES
GC-MS analysis
AQUEOUS EXTRACT
Azadirachta indica
STEM BARK
upload
FINAL_WORK_LAWAL[1][1].pdf
Publication Type
Undergraduate Project
Abstract
This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity and chemical constituents of the aqueous extract of Azadirachta indica stem bark using standard antimicrobial methods and GC-MS analysis. The antimicrobial activity was tested against clinical isolates, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Klebsiella spp., and Aspergillus niger, using the agar-well diffusion method. The extract, a dark brown substance with a yield of 12%, exhibited inhibition zones ranging from 13 to 40 mm. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified nine bioactive compounds, with 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester being the most abundant (64.56%). Other identified compounds include Pyrazine, tetramethyl-; 9- Tetradecenal, (Z)-; Di-n-octyl phthalate; Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester; Ethanone, 1- cyclododecyl-; Methyl stearate; N,N-bis[2-trimethylsiloxyethyl] ethanamine; and Hexadecanoic acid, 1-[(2-aminoethoxy) hydroxy] derivatives. Some of these compounds have documented antimicrobial properties, which align with the observed inhibitory activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as fungi. These findings support the ethnomedicinal use of Azadirachta indica in managing infections caused by the testedclinical isolates
Supervisor(s)
UPE F. BABAIWA
co-supervisor
NIL

ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL CARE PRACTICES BY COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS

Submitted by Efesomo Collins on
Author(s)
AISOSA EHONWA
Faculty
FACULTY OF PHARMACY
Department
DEPARTMENT OF CLINICAL PHARMACY & PHARMACY PRACTICE
Year of Publication
2024
Keyword
CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL CARE
community pharmacists
upload
FINALLY (1).pdf
Publication Type
Undergraduate Project
Abstract
Background: Pharmaceutical care is increasingly vital in community pharmacies, where
pharmacists play a key role in patient care. Healthcare reforms and legislative initiatives have driven the shift towards patient-centered care in community pharmacy. Evaluating current practices is crucial for enhancing patient outcomes and continuous assessment ensures alignment with evolving patient needs and standards. Objectives: To assess the current pharmaceutical care practices by community pharmacists and evaluate the extent of patient education practices conducted by study participants in their establishments. Methods: In a cross-sectional observational design to evaluate pharmaceutical care practices among community pharmacists in Benin City, a simple random sampling was employed to select 239 participants. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed descriptively using Microsoft Excel 2016. Results: As much as 93.7% of community pharmacists in Benin City reported having a counseling section in their pharmacies. 95.0% actively involved patients in medication management. However, only 45.6% had access to electronic health records, and just 20.9% conducted medication reviews regularly. Concerningly, less than half (49.4%) felt very confident about their knowledge of pharmaceutical care principles. Despite these challenges, over 85% educated patients on the importance of adherence to drug therapy, showcasing their commitment to improving patient outcomes. However, only 54% always provided medication counseling, indicating potential gaps in patient education. Furthermore, while 91.2% felt adequately trained to identify and resolve medication-related problems, only 63.6% considered patients' preferences when providing pharmaceutical care.
Supervisor(s)
Patrick O Erah
co-supervisor
NIL

VALUATION OF THE ATTENUATING PROPERTIES OF VITAMIN C ON SOME ISONIAZID INDUCED NEUROPATHIES IN RATS

Submitted by Ojeikere Ohiosimuan on
Author(s)
ELLO HAJARAH UMMIH
Faculty
FACULTY OF PHARMACY
Department
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
Year of Publication
2023
Keyword
NEUROPATHIES
EVALUATION
ATTENUATING PROPERTIES
VITAMIN C
ISONIAZID INDUCED
upload
Hajara's Pharm D Dissertion - Ray.pdf
Publication Type
Master Dissertation
Abstract
Isoniazid is a widely used drug in tuberculosis treatment regimens. Its application in “direct observed therapy short course ”(DOTS) along with other medications has been well documented to be efficacious and effective. However, since its introduction over 70 years ago, it has been found to possess adverse effects such as the induction of neuropathies. There are estimates that as many as 10 % of patients receiving isoniazid will develop some form of neuropathy. Introduction of new medications to stop these neuropathies still pose a challenge. Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) is currently recommended with isoniazid therapy to avert induction of neuropathy. Although ,the potential of vitamin C as an antioxidant to prevent induced neuropathies has been suggested based on previous studies, the findings from this study were intended to contribute valuable i sights into the potential therapeutic role of vitamin C as an adjuvant to mitigate neuropathic complications in isoniazid- based therapies. Using well-established animal models, we assessed the effects of vitamin C supplementation on the development and progression of some neuropathic symptoms induced by isoniazid administration. Male Wistar rats were divided into six groups: control, isoniazid-treated (800 mg/kg), and combination-treated; Isoniazid with vitamin C in low (7.5 mg/kg), medium (15mg/kg), high (30 mg/kg) daily doses and isoniazid with pyridoxine (50 mg/kg). Behavioural assessments, including sensory and motor function tests, were conducted at the end of a seven day period to monitor the onset and severity of neuropathy. In conclusion, our findings revealed that isoniazid administration led to a significant decline in sensory and motor functions indicative of peripheral nerve damage. Vitamin C supplementation did not demonstrate a remarkable attenuation of these neuropathic manifestations. Rats co- administered with isoniazid and vitamin C did not exhibit any improvement in sensory and motor functions when compared with the control and standard therapy of pyridoxine. These results negate the potential neuroprotective effects of vitamin C against isoniazid-induced
peripheral neuropathy
Supervisor(s)
Ray I. Ozolu
co-supervisor
NIL

Buniyamin Adesina Ayinde

picture
Prof Baayinde Ayinde
Email Address
[email protected]
Department
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOGNOSY
Faculty
FACULTY OF PHARMACY
Area Of Specialization
Phytochemistry
Biological Evaluation of Medicinal Plants
Name Prefix
Prof
Position
Prof
ORCID
ORCID Number: 0000-0002-4259-528X

Publications

Scopus ID
12240561300
Google Scholar Link
https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=rt_rwRAAAAAJ&amp%3Bhl=en
Office Address
Department of Pharmacognosy,
Faculty of Pharmacy,
University of Benin
LinkedIn Link
https://www.linkedin.com/in/buliyamin-ayinde-14b86b29/
Extended Publications
Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants Used in the Management of Tumor Related Ailments in Some Local Government Areas in Kwara State, Nigeria
Growth inhibitory and cytotoxic effects of the methanol extract of Brachystegia eurycoma Harms (Fabaceae) leaves
ANTICANCER AND ANTIOXIDANT STUDIES OF THE METHANOL EXTRACT AND FRACTIONS OF CONYZA SUMATRENSIS (RETZ.) E. H. WALKER (ASTERACEAE)
Bioacaricidal effects of three volatile oils on cattle ticks
PHARMACOGNOSY AND HYPOTENSIVE EVALUATION OF FICUS EXASPERATA VAHL (MORACEAE) LEAF
ACTIVE ACH-INHIBITORY FRACTIONS FROM WALTHERIA INDICA L. (STERCULIACEAE) METHANOL LEAF EXTRACT
Phytochemical and Antibacterial Evaluations of the Stem Bark of Newbouldia laevis against Isolates from Infected Wounds and Eyes
Active Blood Pressure Lowering Fractions from the Aqueous Extract of the Leaves of Phyllanthus amarus Schum and Thonn (Euphorbiaceae)
Lonchocarpus griffonianus (BAILL) DUNN (FABACEAE) ATTENUATES GROWTH PROLIFERATION: AN INDEX OF USAGE IN CANCER MANAGEMENT

EVALUATION OF THE ANTIPLASMODIAL POTENTIAL AND SAFETY OF COMBINED OF COMBINED ALCHORNEA CORDIFOLIA AND ENANTIA CHLORANTHA EXTRACTS AGAINST PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM PLASMEPSIN II USING IN SILICO AND IN VIVO APPROACHES

Submitted by Nosa Igho-Osagie on
Author(s)
AYEDOGBA BAMIDELE
Faculty
FACULTY OF PHARMACY
Department
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY
Year of Publication
2025
Keyword
Plasmodium falciparum malaria Antiplasmodial activity Alchornea cordifolia Enantia chlorantha Ethnopharmacology Natural product drug discovery Molecular docking Plasmepsin II Binding affinity Dihydroartemisinin
Swiss mice Phytochemicals Methanol extract In silico study Malaria resistance Pharmacognosy
upload
Dele's_PharmD Thesis.pdf
Publication Type
Undergraduate Project
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum malaria, contributing 26.8% of global malaria deaths in 2022, drives Nigeria's health burden, with artemisinin resistance necessitating novel natural product-derived treatments. This study bridges Nigeria's ethnobotanical heritage with modern pharmacognosy to evaluate the extracts of Alchornea cordifolia (Ogwu obi) and Enantia chlorantha (Awopa). This study aims to assess the antiplasmodial potential of a combined A. cordifolia and E. chlorantha extract via molecular docking against P. falciparum Plasmepsin II and evaluate its acute toxicity in mice. Leaves of A. cordifolia and stem bark of E. chlorantha were extracted with methanol, freeze-dried, and concentrated using a rotary evaporator at 40℃, respectively. Molecular docking targeted Plasmepsin II (PDB ID: 1LEE) using PyRx 0.9.8, with dihydroartemisinin (standard antimalarial drug) and R36 (co-crystallized ligand) as comparators. Compounds with binding affinities ≤ -6.5 kcal/mol were prioritised. Acute toxicity was assessed in Swiss mice using Lorke's method (10–5000 mg/kg). Drug-likeness was evaluated via SwissADME 2025.2 and ProTox-3.0. Binding affinity trends were analysed descriptively. Docking revealed 10 A. cordifolia compounds (e.g., CID:236432, -9.1 kcal/mol) and 15 E. chlorantha compounds (e.g., CID:91710667, -8.6 kcal/mol) with binding affinities ≤ -6.5 kcal/mol, comparable to dihydroartemisinin (-7.1 kcal/mol) and R36 (-10.0 kcal/mol), indicating strong Plasmepsin II inhibition. No toxicity was observed at a dose of 5000 mg/kg. Most compounds showed favourable drug-likeness.
Supervisor(s)
Vincent O. Imieje
co-supervisor
NIL

EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE AUTHORITY (NHIA) ON THE ACCESSIBILITY OF MEDICINE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF BENIN TEACHING HOSPITAL (UBTH)

Submitted by Nosa Igho-Osagie on
Author(s)
DAN-ALETOR OMOROGBE JOHN
Faculty
FACULTY OF PHARMACY
Department
DEPARTMENT OF CLINICAL PHARMACY AND PHARMACY PRACTICE
Year of Publication
2025
Keyword
Accessibility cross sectional drug stock outs essential medicines health insurance NHIA University of Benin Teaching Hospital Nigeria
upload
DAN-ALETOR'S Real project WORK.pdf
Publication Type
Undergraduate Project
Abstract
Access to essential medicines is central to Universal Health Coverage, yet patients continue to face high out-of-pocket costs, frequent drug stock-outs and limited formularies. The National Health Insurance Authority (NHIA, formerly NHIS) aims to improve affordability and access, but its real-world impact on medicine accessibility at tertiary hospitals requires evaluation. Objectives General: To evaluate the impact of NHIA on accessibility to medicines at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH).
Method: A cross-sectional, descriptive survey of NHIA-enrolled patients attending the General Patients Clinic (GPC) and Consultant Out-patients (COPD) NHIA pharmacy units at UBTH. A structured, self-administered questionnaire was completed by 311 patients (100% response rate). Data were coded and analysed in SPSS v21, using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests;
significance set at p < 0.05. Results: 311 respondents (majority 41–60 years, 58.2% male) participated in the study. Overall,
accessibility and service efficiency under NHIA were rated moderate: respondents acknowledged improved affordability, but reported persistent problems with drug availability and the collection process. Major barriers were drug stock-outs, long waiting times and poor staff communication. Statistically significant associations were observed between medicine accessibility and age
(χ²=22.0, p=0.005), education (χ²=13.8, p=0.03), duration of NHIA enrolment (χ²=16.9, p=0.02) and awareness (χ²=6.00, p=0.05). Perceived NHIA efficiency was significantly associated with age (χ²=15.5, p=0.04). A cross-tabulation of barriers/recommendations versus efficiency showed no significant association (χ²=11.46, p=0.32). Conclusions: NHIA enrolment at UBTH provides measurable financial relief and improves affordability of medicines, but is constrained by operational challenges—chiefly inconsistent medicine supply, limited formulary coverage and administrative delays. Strengthening supplychain
management, expanding the NHIA drug list, digitalizing claims and pharmacy workflows, improving staffing and instituting routine beneficiary feedback are recommended to enhance medicine accessibility and service efficiency
Supervisor(s)
E.F.O. Enato
co-supervisor
NIL

INVESTIGATING THE MODULATORY EFFECT OF ARTEMETHER/LUMEFANTRINE ON HEPATIC CYP450 ENZYME IN ALBINO RATS

Submitted by Nosa Igho-Osagie on
Author(s)
IDOJEH, AGHOGHO GOODLUCK
Faculty
FACULTY OF PHARMACY
Department
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
Year of Publication
2025
Keyword
Artemether/Lumefantrine AL Artemisinin based combination therapy ACT Cytochrome P450 CYP450 Hepatic enzyme modulation Enzyme inhibition Drug drug interactions Artemether Lumefantrine Cimetidine
Albino rats Liver microsomes Spectrophotometric assay Enzyme induction vs inhibition Pharmacokinetics Polypharmacy Malaria treatment Drug metabolism
upload
Goodluck corrected .pdf
Publication Type
Undergraduate Project
Abstract
Artemether/Lumefantrine (AL) is one of the most widely used artemisinin- based combination therapies (ACTs) for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria. Given its extensive use in Nigeria and globally, a proper understanding of its drug-drug interaction potential is essential. A key mechanism underlying such interactions is the regulation of hepatic Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes. However, there is a pharmacological paradox: artemisinin derivatives such as artemether are often reported as enzyme inducers, whereas lumefantrine has been associated with inhibitory effects. It remains unclear what net effect the AL combination exerts on CYP450 expression, and this knowledge is critical for predicting clinical outcomes. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the potential inductive or inhibitory action of AL on hepatic CYP450 enzymes in albino rats. Methods: Twenty-four albino rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=6): Group A (Olive oil vehicle control), Group B (Cimetidine inhibition control), Group C (Phenobarbital induction control), and Group D (AL test group). Treatments were administered orally once daily for 14 days, with AL given twice daily to reflect its clinical regimen. On day 15, animals were sacrificed and livers harvested for microsomal preparation. Microsomal protein concentration was determined using the Modified Lowry method, while total CYP450 content was quantified spectrophotometrically using the reduced carbon monoxide (CO) difference method. Results: The normalized CYP450 content (nmol/mg protein) of AL (0.165 ± 0.020) was not significantly different from the olive oil control (0.204 ± 0.022) but was significantly lower than cimetidine (0.451 ± 0.069) and phenobarbital (0.717 ± 0.186). This indicates that the expected substrate-driven induction was nullified in the AL group, aligning its CYP450 content with the inhibitory baseline. There was no significant difference in the percentage weight change between the AL group (20.10 ± 1.85) and the control group (14.20 ± 4.18). Supporting parameters such as protein concentration (16.87 ± 2.20) and denatured protein (37.70 ± 0.03) confirms that AL’s effect was specific to CYP450 modulation and not due to systemic toxicity. Conclusion: This study shows that Artemether/Lumefantrine (AL) is a net hepatic CYP450 enzyme inhibitor in albino rats. Clinically, AL may slow the metabolism of co- administered drugs, increasing the risk of accumulation and toxicity in polypharmacy cases common in malaria-endemic regions. This highlights the need for careful monitoring and possible dose adjustments of concomitant medications.
Supervisor(s)
S.E AGHAHOWA
co-supervisor
NIL
Subscribe to FACULTY OF PHARMACY