BANKING AND FINANACE

This study examines the effects of financial literacy on personal finance safety among adults. The research specifically investigates the influence of basic financial knowledge, budgeting skills, saving behavior, and credit management ability on individuals’ capacity to achieve financial security. A quantitative survey research design was adopted, and data were collected through the administration of structured questionnaires to a sample of 300 respondents selected using a stratified random sampling technique. The instrument was validated by experts, and its reliability was confirmed through a pilot test, which produced Cronbach’s Alpha coefficients above 0.70. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis with the aid of EViews 13 statistical software. The findings revealed that the financial literacy dimensions collectively have a significant effect on personal finance safety. Specifically, budgeting skills, saving behavior, and credit management ability were found to be strong predictors of personal finance safety, while basic financial knowledge showed a moderate relationship. The study concludes that improved financial literacy enhances individuals’ financial resilience, reduces exposure to fraud, and promotes better financial decision-making. It recommends that financial education initiatives be intensified by policymakers, financial institutions, and educational bodies to strengthen personal finance safety and promote long-term financial well-being

This study examined the effect of exchange rate volatility, and the blue economy on the financial
performance of Nigeria’s shipping industry from 1990 to 2024. A longitudinal research design was adopted, allowing for the analysis of cause-and-effect relationships across time. Secondary data were sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators, and the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, while exchange rate volatility was derived using the GARCH (1,1) model. The study employed an econometric framework grounded in the Traditional Flow Theory and the Balance of Payments (BoP) Theory to investigate how volatility in exchange rates and blue economy activities affect shipping sector financial performance. Financial performance was measured using container throughput revenue, shipping costs, and port revenue, while blue economy proxies include fisheries, aquaculture, and desalination, controlled by macroeconomic variables such as inflation, labour force, and trade freedom. The analysis adopted the autoregressive distributed lags (ARDL) framework to capture both short-run and long-run among the variables. Empirical findings showed that exchange rate volatility reduced container throughput revenue and port revenues while increasing shipping costs. Fisheries had a short-term positive impact, while, aquaculture significantly boosted long-run performance by lowering costs and raising revenues. Desalination has limited influence, showing short-term benefits but long-term drawbacks. The study recommended that the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and other statutory Ministries Departments and Agencies (MDA’s) connected with blue economy, and, the shipping and maritime sector of the economy; formulate policies and embark on activities that will help stabilize the naira, promote risk hedging instruments, and encourage investments in fisheries terminals, aquaculture integration, and desalination facilities

This study is to empirically examines the relationship between trade liberaliazation, stock market and economic development in Nigeria.The study present both procedure and the analytical techniques that the research engages in carrying out the investigation on the impact of capital market on the Nigeria economy. This study adopts the census sampling technique were the population and of the study is the Nigeria economy. The Nigeria economy is chosen as a result of the high inflow of foreign capital as participation in international trade. The Nigeria stock market being the largest in West Africa also makes it the focus of
this study. This research adopts the causal research design which is a type of ex post factor research design. Causal research design is aimed at analyzing the relationship and patterns between two variables.This study was conducted to investigate the impact of trade liberalization, stock market performance and economic development in Nigeria. To this effect, the FMOLS was adopted on time series data that spanned 1987-2020. The result findings were found to be robust to both data manipulations and specifications. From empirical analysis, a general outcome of the study indicates that trade liberalization has had no
significant impact on economic development. Trade openness was found to have a negative and insignificant relationship with economic development in Nigeria.Financial openness had a positive and significant relationship with economic development in Nigeria. Finally, government should make policy to protect local firms and the security exchange commission
must increase the depth and breadth of the market.

The study examines the determinants of insurance penetration rate in Nigeria. While several empirical studies have been done on this topic, few of the previous studies have focused on Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study were to ascertain the effect of inflation rate, education, income level and life expectancy on insurance penetration rate in Nigeria. Secondary data were extracted from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin. The study adopted a multivariate OLS analysis for the estimation process and the data were regressed and analysed with the aid of Eviews 9.0 econometric software package. The findings of the study were that income level and life expectancy positively and significantly impacts insurance penetration in Nigeria while inflation rate and education were found not to be key factors that affect insurance penetration rate in Nigeria over the studied period. We therefore recommend that the current reforms in the insurance sector should be intensified so as to boost the development of these segments of the financial system and by that increase their penetration rate. Also, the government and the insurance industry should focus on increasing income levels and life expectancy in Nigeria as a way to increase insurance penetration. This could be done through policies that promote economic growth and improve life expectancy, such as investment in
education and health infrastructure. The government could also provide financial incentives to encourage insurance adoption, such as tax breaks for individuals who purchase insurance policies.

The term business refers to an organization or enterprising entity engaged in commercial, industrial, or professional activities (Adam Hayes 2023). The purpose of a business is to organize some sort of economic production of goods or services. Businesses can be for-profit entities or non-profit organizations fulfilling a charitable mission or furthering a social cause. Businesses range in scale and scope from sole proprietorships to large, international corporations. Sustainability disclosure dates back to the historical beginnings of environmental reporting (Glendanique, 2017). The first sets of environmental reports were published in the late 1980s by companies in the chemical industry which had serious image problems, for instance, a huge PVC producer was denied permits to develop a site near Houston after residents organized to block the plant. Officials who supported the project privately conceded that the company and industry’s image as dangerous and greedy made the difference in blocking what technically was an unobjectionable proposal

The study empirically examined the relationship between bank lending and the growth of the Nigerian economy for the period 1992 to 2021. The ordinary least squares (OLS) estimation technique was employed in the empirical analysis of data. The result from the analysis revealed that, credit to private sector (CPRIV) has significant positive relationship with economic growth in Nigeria; credit to public sector (CPUB) has an insignificant negative relationship with economic growth; while inflation rate (INFL) has a weak negative effect on economic growth, and this suggests that it does not play any significant role in the growth and development of the Nigerian economy. Those of exchange rate (EXCR) has significant positive effect on the growth and development of the Nigerian economy. The study recommends that, credit to private sector should be given more priority if the economy would grow as expected because, through the private sector the real sector of the economy which is central to the economy are directly affected. Failure to do this will only spell doom to the Nigerian economy. Also, there is need to review lending policy on a continuous basis with respect to interest rate with a view to ensuring that the level and structure of interest rates are adequate and consistent with policy objectives of making lending more accessible to private and public sectors of the economy.

The study examines the impact of liquidity management on the monetary performance of publicly listed deposit money institutions in Nigeria from 2012 to 2021. The main goal of this inquiry was to ascertain how these deposit money banks' financial performance is impacted by their liquidity ratio, loan-to-deposit ratio, cash reserve ratio, and capital adequacy ratio. Panel data regression techniques were used in the study's analysis. The results of the study showed a favorable correlation between the liquidity ratio and cash reserve ratio of the deposit money banks' financial performance in review, particularly their Return on Assets (ROA). These effects, however, are regarded as statistically negligible. On the other hand, although this impact is also regarded as statistically small, the loan-to-deposit ratio has a detrimental effect on the performance of deposit money institutions. Notably, the capital adequacy ratio shows that it has a statistically significant negative impact on the financial performance of deposit money institutions