2023

This study presents a stylistic analysis of language in advertisements, focusing on the Vanguard new spaper as a case study. The study explores the techniques and strategies employed in crafting persuasive messages within this specific print media context. By examining linguistic choices, rhetorical devices, and visual elements, it aims to uncover the unique stylistic features that contribute to the news paper's advertising effectiveness.The data forthe study were collected from vanguard newspaper respectively, each adverts were scanned and attached to the work, these adverts encompasses a wide range of adverts types, which include text and display adverts (with visual elements). Using the linguistics stylistics theoretical frameworkthrough a comprehensive analysis, this research sheds light on the intricate relationship between language and advertising within the Vanguardnewspaper,providing valuable insights in to the art of persuasion,use of metaphorical expression and social influence in print media. Our findings therefore reveal that language of advertisement employ the use of different devices to drive home its effectiveness, these findings include; Advertisements frequently employ rhetorical devices such as metaphors, similes, and hyperbole to create vivid and memorable messages. These devices enhance the overall appeal of the advertisements, The language in Vanguard Newspaper advertisements often incorporates cultural references, idiomatic expressions, and local context to resonate with the target audience and establish a sense of familiarity, Careful selection of words and phrases is evident, with advertisers opting for persuasive and positive terminology to promote products or services effectively. This includes the use of buzzwords, Beyond language, visual elements such as color schemes, fonts, and layout play a significant role in reinforcing the message The implications of these findings have a big impact on how languages are necessitating concise/careful approaches in advertisements.

One of the major challenges Nigerian banking industry is facing today is how to curb fraud occurrence. Therefore, the study investigated the effects of internal control system on fraud prevention in Nigerian banking sector. The study emphasis was on the adequate of internal control system in the area of risk management, control supervision, control environment and information management and technology for fraud prevention. To evaluate the effectiveness of the control systems, survey research design was employed. The population of the study consist of the senior staff in the twenty two (22) commercial banks in operations in Nigeria. The instrument used for the study was structured questionnaire. The research questions were answered and the hypotheses generated were tested using statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Findings showed a positive and significant relationship between internal control system and fraud prevention. A positive and significant relationship between risk management, control environment, information management and technology on fraud prevention. However, the study found a positive but non- significant relationship between control supervision and fraud prevention. The study recommended a proactive risk management among banks. Special trainings for senior staff on red flags to fraud occurrence and best approach to handle them. Banks must invest heavily in anti-fraud software and latest hardware gargets that can create awareness of impeding fraud for both staff and customers and build a strong resistance to protect bank database. Nigerian banks must fortify its internal control system to meet the realities of today; this will help to eliminate all loopholes and gaps which arise due to changes in procedures, practices, and technology and government policies that have impacts on banking industry.

Phytochemicals constituents were screened for using different reagent to test for the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, saponins, anthraquinones, reducing sugars and flavonoids. Diverse ethno medical applications exist for Vernonia amygdalina. However, the plant has only been the subject of a limited number of pharmacological research, and there hasn't been a thorough scientific investigation of its aphrodisiac properties. As a result, this study examined the aphrodisiac potential of extract and fractions of Vernonia amygdalina leaves utilizing physical and behavioral sexual parameters as well as in-vitro tests of the plant's effects on the corpus cavernosum muscles in male Wister rats. The powdered plant material was extracted with ethanol and the extract was subjected various solvent fractionation to obtain n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and residual aqueous fractions. After 2 weeks of acclimatization, oestrus was induced in the female rats by giving them 100mcg of ethinyl oestradiol orally and 1mg of progesterone subcutaneously, respectively, 24 hours and 3 hours before mating. The 35 male wister rats were randomly divided into 7 groups of 5 animals each, while 10 female rats were also obtained for the study. Animals in group 1 received 0.5mL of distilled water and each animal in this group received 20% Tween 80 (0.5mL) and this served as the negative group. Animals in groups 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 received 50 mg/kg of the ethanolic extract, n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions of V. amygdalina respectively in each group. Group 7 animals were given sildenafil 100mg/kg and served as the positive control. All administrations were done orally, and the physical parameters of aphrodisiac activity were measured. Also, the Corpus cavernosum smooth muscle was obtained from intact male rat and mounted in a 10 mL organ bath chamber containing Kreb's solution to evaluate the effects of the plant extract and fractions on the muscle. The direct effects of cumulative plant fractions concentrations were examined after tissue equilibration and response recording for 15 minutes without flushing. The plant fractions were utilized at doses of 0.78, 1.56, 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, and 25 mg/ml. In the presence of potassium, a pre-contractile agent, the identical process was done for the plant fractions. On a computer, the changes in isometric tension were monitored and noted. Following the administration of each concentration, a contact period of five minutes was permitted. The tissues were then cleansed three times and given 30 minutes to equilibrate before the next round of administration. The measurement of sexual behavior parameters, such as anogenital grooming, genital sniffing, mounting frequency, intromission frequency, ejaculatory frequency, mounting latency, intromission latency, and ejaculatory latency, showed a significant improvement in sexual activities. The plant fractions also generated a similar amount of relaxation of the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle to that brought on by the reference medication. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that the ethyl acetate and aqueous fraction of V. amygdalina leaves have strong aphrodisiac qualities and can relax the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle.

This study examined effective public service in the administration of development plans of the federal government: a case study of Edo State. The main objectives of the study were to ascertain if there is any relationship between effective public service and administration of development plans of federal government in Edo State, examine the roles that has or should be played by the public service for Nigerians to benefit from good government and national development, and determine the challenges faced by the public service in promoting government policies for effective national development. The data collected were presented in a tabular form with focus on the major research questions in other to enable the researcher determine the results. The data collected were analyzed using simple percentage. The findings from the study revealed that the structural problem faced by the public service in promoting government policies in Nigeria is personnel regulation; personnel qualification and organizational structure are part of the challenges faced by the public service in promoting national development in Nigeria; the high level of corruption associated with the public service in Nigeria has hampered its role in promoting national development; the Nigerian public service lacks transparency and accountability; and that the ethno-religious hospitalities and the crisis of confidence from the populace compound the problems in the public service. The study further recommends that if the public service is to attain the desired results of development in Nigeria, far reaching reforms are needed, such as, recruitment and promotion of civil servants should be based on merit system as opposed to spoils system. This is because the enthronement of federal character principle of recruitment and other
spoils system have sacrificed efficiency and effectiveness in the Nigerian public service, while rules and regulations are sine qua non for systematic and orderly government, and there is a need for the mental attitudes and believes of the public servants to be reoriented, so that they can cope with the policies of new government.

This study was designed to examine the perceived effects of stress on academic performance of undergraduates of the University of Benin, Edo State. To guide this study, three research questions were raised. The survey research design was used in conducting the study. The main instrument for the study was a closed-end questionnaire. The population of the study was 224. The validity of the instrument was established by giving it to the supervisor and two other experts in the field of the research study. The reliability of the instrument was established using the Cronbach’s Alpha method of reliability which yielded a Coefficient of 0.638.The data obtained from the questionnaires were subjected to analysis using frequency counts and percentages.Results from the study from 224 respondents showed that the students The study's recommendations encompass various aspects of improving the Nigerian polytechnic education system. It suggests establishing a dedicated committee to address students' conditions, advocating against tuition fee increases, fostering positive lecturer-student relationships, expanding facilities to combat overpopulation, encouraging students to work hard, exploring the provision of motivating facilities, and addressing security concerns, notably the rising violence on campuses. These measures aim to enhance the overall quality and experience of polytechnic education in Nigeria.

This study comparatively examined the politics, governance and development in pre colonial and post-colonial Nigeria. Politics is conceived as the study of the state and its institutions and the relationship these institutions have with the people living in the state. Governance refers to the activity, process or quality of governing. Development is concerned with changes in environment, health, economy, politics, social and cultures that create and supports lives. This study was qualitative, relying on secondary materials such as books, articles, newspapers and other secondary materials. The study found that politics in pre-colonial and post-colonial Nigeria are significantly different. While both can boast of operating under checks and balances, the principle was more entrenched and respected in the pre-colonial period than in this contemporary post-colonial period. In post-colonial Nigeria, various institutions appear to be serving the interest of the executive headed by a president who wields so much power. It was also found that governance in pre-colonial Nigeria and post-colonial Nigeria are different in that in pre colonial period, governance was based on decentralized and centralized system. The exigency of power depended on the region or community. In post-colonial Nigeria, the governance system is characterized by high corruption, foreign domination, exclusion and socio-economic crisis. Leadership is a very big challenge since independence orchestrating agitations from the people. Lastly, it was found that development in pre colonial Nigeria and post-colonial Nigeria are different in that in pre-colonial period. Development during pre-colonial period was seen in the areas of commerce and trade which provided the needed harmony and peace for communal living. Whereas in post colonial Nigeria, there have been preponderance of poverty, malnutrition, insecurity, health-related issues, rapid inflation and poor infrastructure. The study therefore recommended that there is need for the current post-colonial Nigerian government to revert to the era of agriculture-based economy; entrench the principle of checks and balances that would address tyranny and entrench accountability and transparency in the public dealing and the political system of Nigeria should reflect the ethnic, religious and socio-economic background of the people.

This study examined the effect of leadership on organizational performance: A case study of UBTH. The study adopted the survey design on the bases of which the questionnaires was used as research instrument to source data. The population of the study comprised of 3840 staff in University of Benin Teaching Hospital,. A sample of 200 staffs was adopted for the study. The data was analsyed using percentage and chi-square statistical technique. The result shows that leadership effectiveness affects organizational performance in University of Benin Teaching Hospital. The result also revealed that leadership administrative behaviour affects organizational performance in University of Benin Teaching Hospital. The result further indicated that supportive and directive leadership style affects organizational performance in University of Benin Teaching Hospital. The study recommends that since leadership is one of the basic means used in attainment of organizational goal/objective, every organization should ensure that the right leader man their organization in order to achieve their set goals and or objectives. Leaders should adopt a well-articulated leadership behavior that will maximize their leadership potential as well as transcend into the behaviour of their employee which will facilitate organizational performance. Organizations should endeavour to encourage their employees as well as recommend their behaviour for optimal performance. The management team should always have the welfare of the workers at heart. Subordinates should be educated about the need for harmony with them and their leaders in the work
place for the mutual benefit that geared towards organizational performance

Justicia carnea is a medicinal plant with varied pharmacological effects. The present study evaluated the antioxidant properties of methanol extract of the leaves of Justicia carnea in Wistar rats. Mature Wistar albino rats (n = 36) were assigned to six groups of 6 rats each: group 1 (normal control), group 2 (diabetic control), group 3 (diabetic rats treated with standard anti-diabetic drug,
metformin), group 4 (diabetic rats + 100mg/kg bwt of methanol extract of Justicia carnea), group 5 (diabetic rats + 200mg/kg bwt extract) and group 6 (diabetic rats + 500mg/kg extract). The plant leaves were extracted with absolute methanol. Diabetes mellitus was induced in the rats via intraperitoneal injection of 120 mg/kg body weight STZ. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), body
weight, acute toxicity and oxidative stress markers were measured. Acute toxicity study showed that at the highest dose of 5000 mg/kg bwt, methanol extract of J. carnea did not produce any mortality in the rats. Graded doses of methanol extract of J. carnea leaves significantly reduced the blood glucose concentration of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (p < 0.05). The greatest
weight increase was observed in the control group when compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). The plant extract significantly increased the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), but it reduced the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) significantly when compared with the diabetic control group (p < 0.05). This study has provided
evidence to support the claim that methanol extract of J. carnea is effective in ameliorating oxidative stress induced by STZ in diabetic Wistar rats.

Monodora myristica is a perennial, edible plant used in West Africa and other parts of the world for its medicinal and culinary value. There is paucity of data on the nutritional contents of M. myristica seeds in the four regions of Nigeria where the seeds are easily available. This study was undertaken to determine the mineral contents of M. myristica (African nutmeg) seeds from Abuja, Awka, Benin City and Ondo Towns. Seeds of M. myristica used were deshelled, oven-dried and ground into fine powder. The powdered sample was subjected to mineral analysis using atomic absorption spectrometry. The mineral analysis showed that there were highly significant differences in the mineral contents of African nutmeg samples sourced from the various locations in calcium, chromium, potassium and zinc. But the iron, magnesium, manganese, and sodium contents were not significantly different from one location to the other. The results showed that the Monodora myristica seeds are rich in minerals and that the content levels vary in some minerals as a result of the location. This may be as a result of the different soil types and the nutritive state of the soil
where the plants were grown. It should also be noted that no particular location exhibited better mineral element composition across all the minerals studied. More mineral elements both beneficial and harmful should be studied in African nutmeg from more locations

Carrot (daucus carota) is an important root vegetable, which has various bioactive compounds like carotenoids and dietary fibers with appreciable levels of several other functional components having significant health-promoting properties. The consumption of carrot and its products is gaining rapid attention because it has been identified as an important source of natural antioxidants having anticancer activity. Apart from carrot roots being traditionally used in salad and preparation of many cuisines, carrots could commercially be converted into nutritionally rich processed products like juice, concentrate, dried powder, canned, preserve, candy, pickle, and gazrailla. Carrot pomace containing about 50% of β-carotene could profitably be utilized for the supplementation of products like cake, bread, biscuits and preparation of several types of functional products. This research work highlights the nutritional composition, health promoting phytonutrients, functional properties of carrot and by-products utilization of carrot along with the potential application of these products. It has been shown that the carrot has a moisture content of 25.34%, ash content 8.21%, crude fibre 3.08%, crude fat 5.07%, protein 4.15%and carbohydrateof54.15% these findings proves that the carrot is of good quality. The presence of mineral elements such as Zinc (2.5mg/kg) Manganese (0.6mg/kg), Iron (2.09mg/kg), Magnesium(20.6mg/kg), Calcium (18.50mg/kg). indicates its safe consumption while the presence of bio active compounds such as glycosides, saponins, phenolics, eugenols, terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids and tannins all contribute to its nutritional values.