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the challenges encountered by Africans intheir pursuit of greener pastures outside the shores of African to the Western world

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As globalisation alters the way society interact with the forces that allowsforprogress and continuity, the African continent continues to struggle in its quest tokeep pace with the West. Consequently, there is a burgeoning populationtakingroot in African diaspora communities as more immigrants arrive the shoresofEurope and America. This increase in immigrants accentuates the different social classes that exist in the west as there is the clear dichotomy between thosewhoare subordinate races displaced from their origins, and those who arelegal citizens trying to emphasize ownership and control of their own space. Therefore, issues of subjugation, racial discrimination, emphasis on social classes andacrisisof identity are all by products of this widespread expression of social mobility. This research examines how Igoni Barret and Buchi Emechetaexplore these realities in Blackass and The NewTriberespectively in other to combat the lingering challenges of racial discrimination that makes cross cultural contact and interaction a challengingexperience for blacks. This research also reawaken Africans to theneedto reassert their own identity in the face of imperialism and neocolonialism.
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AMITIE INTERRACIALE A TRAVERS CARAÏBES SUR SEINE DE GISELE PINEAU

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Gisèle Pineau (née le 18 mai 1956) est une romancière, écrivaine et ancienne infirmière psychiatrique française. Bien qu’elle est née à Paris, ses origines sont Guadeloupéennes. Plusieurs de ces romans parlent des difficultés et tourments de son enfance en tant que noir ayant grandi dans la société parisienne. Elle s’intéresse particulièrement au racisme et à ses effets sur une jeune fille qui tente de découvrir sa propre identité culturelle. Son roman L’exil selon Julia le souligne, car elle s’appuie sur les souvenirs et les expériences de sa grande – mère âgée pour l’aider à se familiariser avec les traditions de sa société et son propre antécédent culturel. Elle mentionne également la discrimination raciale qu’elle a subie alors qu’elle était jeune de la part des blancs français.
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GRAVE TYPES, BURIAL RITES AND RITUALS AND THEIR IMPACTS IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

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The aims of this project is to explicitly narrate the nature of the death in the society, and its implications, the major causes of deaths in the world. In explaining this topic, several issues stead to be accounted for which are as follows: The discovery of death in the worlds, the emergence of burial institution in international relation. The nature of religion, culture, social, political and economic even environmental impacts around the globe today. The discrimination between the rich and poor in each culture and society and communities. The revolution of burial rites and rituals in the world and most importantly, the belief of the communities on their ancestors and the acceptance of their ancestors by the proper burial of the deceased to be accepted and the opening of their ancestral homes to be opened to the deceased as a come back into the ancestral fold, that they still existed in the communities providing safety and security, protection and guidance and instruction of impeding calamity or future events either through dreams and vision. The ancestors lives continuously in our hears the living. Therefore food sacrifices are made to/for them spiritually all over the world but the methods varies. Sins bring sicknesses and diseases which brings slavery to demons and shame, disgrace, poverty, dishonor and death. Satan’s counsels to Eve and eve’s persuasion of Adam and the eating of the forbidden fruits lures mankind from god to Satan; but repentance with a remorseful and a contrite heart returns one back to God. Furthermore, there is the inevitable and inestimable gifts of the “electricity” and (ICT) information and communication technology. To enable the industrial revolution which brings about the activities of events planners, diplomacy, negotiation between heads of states with speed by the use of the telephone internet with al it gadgets and applications, to connects states, communities, families, NGOs, states and non-state-actors in international relations (systems). Moreso, there is the Jews, the Hindu, the Christian, the skih, the Muslim and the Humanists and he Africa in burials and rites. The activities of the gravedigger(s) and the parson, and the
undertaker(s) role all add up to make the whole process spiritual different questions have been asked and are still been ask, where is heaven, is it up above in space? Or down below in the seas that separates the earth from the underground ocean? Then if one is to die how do you want to be buried? The issue of cremation and grave burial then arises. The economic impacts of burial rites are now very competitive, all over the world but especially in Africa where the bereaves now go to borrow or apply for loans from individual money lenders and LAPO, Banks, to finance the burial ceremony of their dead parents. This brings about under development and illiteracy in the family and communities. Proliferations of graves in the homes now in yoke in Africa due to the neglect and unattends nature of the cemeteries, graveyards, burial ground and family vaults in the world the parks and Greenland. The way forward for the government handling of burials and graves and cremation so that epidemic diseases will not erupt in the world and Africa especially. The statistical records of births and death, and longevity’s roles in the world.
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EFFECT OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF OCIMUM GRATISSIMUM (SCENT LEAF) ON SOME HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN MALE WISTAR RATS

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Medicinal plants and the bioactive substances they contain have drawn the interest of various researchers over the past ten years due to their ability to cure different illnesses. Ocimum gratissimum is a member of the Lamiaceae family. It is cultivated in several gardens surrounding village huts in Nigeria under the popular name "scent leaf" for both medicinal and culinary purposes. The aim of this study is to elucidate the effect of ocimum gratissimum on some hematological parameters in male wistar rats. The
effect of methanolic extract of Ocimum gratissimum on some red blood indices of Wister rats was studied using fifteen healthy adult wistar rats with weights ranging between 140-160g. The rats were divided into three groups; control group, low dose group and high dose group. Increasing doses (100mg and 300mgkg-1 body weight) of the extract were administered orally to the other two groups for a period of four weeks. Sample collection was done via cardiac puncture using 5ml syringes. The extract displayed a significant increase (p<0.05) difference in platelet levels when compared with the normal control and a non significant difference (p<0.05) in the other parameters were observed. In conclusion, the extract of gratissimum might be a panacea in the management of anaemic conditions due to its erythropoietic, and/or haematopoietic effects, and beneficial to the blood’s - 5 -
oxygen supporting ability and thrombopoietin, putting into consideration that there were no alteration in the morphology and fragility of the RBCs.
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SELECTED FACTORS INFLUENCING INDISCIPLINE AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN OREDO LOCAL GOVERNMNENT A OF EDO STATE

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Indiscipline is a form of conduct that reflects the character and value system of an individual within society. It arises from unacceptable values and behaviors that regulate how a person relates with others, particularly within social institutions such as schools. In the context of secondary education, indiscipline is viewed as a manifestation of negative behavior that violates established rules and regulations designed to promote effective teaching and learning. These rules commonly address areas such as dress code, punctuality, school schedules, and social conduct. Failure to comply with such standards often results in disciplinary measures.

Scholars have identified various acts—including stealing, violence, drug abuse, examination malpractice, and sexual misconduct—as expressions of indiscipline in schools. Indiscipline has been described as disobedience, disregard for authority, and the breakdown of moral and psychological control, leading to disorder and disruption within the school environment. It represents a refusal to adhere to established norms and regulations, thereby undermining the smooth operation of educational institutions. Among secondary school students, indiscipline manifests both within and outside the school setting and remains one of the most significant challenges confronting school administrators.
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INTERIOR DESIGN STYLES IN BENIN CITY: STUDY OF THE FACTORS THAT AFFECT INDIVIDUAL PREFERENCES AND BUDGET

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What is interior design? It is the art, science, and business planning of a creative, technical, sustainable, and functional interior solution that corresponds to the architecture of a space, while incorporating process and strategy, a mandate for well-being, safety, and health, with informed decisions about style and aesthetics. An interior designer is on who manages The objective of the study is to find out where individual budgets and personaltastes tie in with various interior design styles and trends. The study aims to identify the already existing styles present in Benin City as well as highlight the styles ranging from the most pocket friendly styles to the ostentatious styles for individuals in Benin City.With a rise In the population of home owners over the years, either through inheritance or purchase, there are a number of individuals who are oblivious to the importance of interior design within Benin city, where there is still a saturation of old mud and zinc buildings with the most interesting thingsabout a typical house's interior being wood carved doors or ornaments, we take a dive into Benin society so as to uncover the reasons for the apathy towards style and aesthetics when it comes to decorating and designing a space. There is a clear lack of intentionality present among Residents of the city of Benin,when it comes to interior design.
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VERBS OF PERCEPTION IN UKWUANI LANGUAGE

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Verbs of perception has been ignored over the years by Ukwuani Language speakers. The term "verbs of perception" such as hear, taste, smell, look, listen, feel e.t.c has not been given adequate attention by linguistics scholars. The number of basic perceptual verbs differ across various languages.The objective of this research is to identify and analyze perceptual verbs in Ukwuani Language syntactically. The theoritical framework employed in this research is Lexical semantics. I collected the data used in the analysis of this research from competent native speaker of Ukwuani Language. The method of data collection was through an oral interview where the informants participated. This research categorized perceptual verbs in Ukwuani into five classes which are, verbs for seeing, verbs for hearing, verbs for tasting, verbs for smelling, verbs for feeling. Ukwuani Language highly exhibit a great number of perceptual verbs and these verbs tend to be ambiguous. Unlike other Languages that combine sensory activities, Ukwuani language have different terms for each of the basic perceptual verb. All perceptual verbs in Ukwuani are expressed in relation to the sense organs.
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USE OF SOCIAL INTERACTIVE PLATFORMS FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCESSES DURING THE COVID-19 IN UNIVERSITY OF BENIN

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This study investigated the use of social interactive platforms in teaching and learning process during Covid19 in university of Benin, Benin City. Six research questions guided the students, The study adopted the descriptive survey research design. The population of the study comprised of all the seventy four (74) departments in university of Benin. The respondents were
the sixteen thousand (16,000) students of university of Benin, Benin City. Four (4) departments were selected as the sample size from the seventy four (74) departments using the simple random sampling technique and this
represent twenty (20) percentage of the study population, Meanwhile, twenty-five (25) students were chosen from each sampled department making one hundred (100) students as respondents using convenient sampling technique.
A Questionnaire title “THE USE OF SOCIAL
INTERACTIVE PLATFORMS FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING
PROCESSES DURING THE COVID-19 QUESTIONNAIRE
(TUSIPTLPQ)” was used. The reliability of the instrument was tested using the test re-test method and the result was calculate with the application of Pearson’s Product Method Correlation Coefficient and the reliability
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DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF A CONTROLLABLE PITCH MARINE PROPELLER FOR ENHANCED MANEUVERABILITY AND EFFICIENCY

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This paper presents the design and simulation of a 4 -bladed controllable-pitch marine propeller for relatively small to mediumsized vessels that enhances both maneuverability and efficiency in diverse maritime operational conditions, using the design basis of a small coastal twin screw passenger ferry. The design process utilized the wageningen B-series standard design chart (B4-70), using the optimum design line to carry out design analysis of the propeller, with detailed mathematical analysis/calculations to derive the propeller geometric parameters, followed by the development and modification of a 3D propeller
model using SolidWorks. The hydrodynamic performance and behavior of the CPP were analyzed using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations across varying propeller pitch angles, enabling the determination of thrust and torque under different operational conditions. The results from parametric studies and optimization indicate that a decrease in the propeller blade tip pitch angle leads to improved efficiency, enhancing propulsion and fuel economy. The simulations also revealed that the maximum ahead thrust was achieved at a pitch angle of -30° from the design pitch, the maximum astern thrust at 60° from the design pitch, and approximately zero thrust at 20° from the design pitch.
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THE EFFECTS OF NEGRO PEPPER EXTRACT ON PROSTAGLANDIN LEVEL DURING THE GESTATION PERIOD OF WISTAR RAT

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Excessive prostaglandin production had been reported to lead to uterine contraction and premature cervical changes contributing to preterm birth. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of negro pepper on the prostaglandin level during the gestation period of wistar rat. Sixteen (16) female wistar rats weighing 140 to 160 were purchased from the animal house of the Department of Anatomy, University of Benin. The rats were acclimatized for two weeks to the laboratory condition with free access to food and water.
The dry fruits after being grind were soaked with n- hexane using maceration method for 24 hrs and were filtered to obtain the filtrate which was evapourated to obtain the oil. The female rats were mated with male rate in the ratio of 2:1. The rats were grouped into 4 groups (A, B, C, D) in two phases (Germinal and Embryonic Phase) and administered negro pepper extract orally at the doses of 0.25ml/Kg, 0.5ml/Kg and 1ml/Kg respectively daily for 7 days. The rats were sacrificed using chloroforms ane thesia, the uterus was collect from the animal and homogenated with buffer solution and then centrifuged to collect the Supernatant which was used for the biochemical analysis.
The result were statistically analyzed, results obtained were expressed as mean ±SEM (Standard Error of Mean). Differences among the means were determined by one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Values were considered statistically significant if P value is less than 0.05 (P<0.05). Results: there was a significant increase in PGE2 level at 0.5ml/kg compared with control, though there was no significant differences in PGE2 at 0.25ml/kg compared with control in the embryonic phase and there was a significant decrease in PGE2 at 0.25ml/kg and 0.5ml/g in the Germinal phase compared with control though there was no significant difference in 1.0ml/kg compared to control. In conclusion, Negro Pepper Extract at 0.5ml/kg significantly increased PGE2 level at the embryonic phase but significantly decreased PGE2 in 0.25ml/kg and 0.5ml/kg in the germinal phase compared to control showing that administration of negro pepper extract during pregnancy maybe detrimental to the pregnancy.
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