DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES AND DIPLOMACY

The study extensively examined the contributions of the Igbo ethnic group to the growth and development of Lagos State between 1970 and 2015, revealing that the post-Nigerian Civil War migration became a decisive force in shaping Nigeria's foremost commercial capital. The research established that the Igbo presence is deeply economic and structural in nature, profoundly influencing regional commerce and urban expansion. As Igbo entrepreneurs channeled their resilience and capital into Lagos, their dynamism resulted in the establishment of continental commercial hubs, including Alaba International Market, Ladipo Auto Spare Parts Market, and Lagos International Trade Fair Complex, which generate substantial internally generated revenue and employment. The study provides a comprehensive understanding of how the Igbaboi apprenticeship system served as a unique indigenous model for human capital development and upward mobility, sustaining the economic proliferation of the community. However, it demonstrated that despite these indispensable contributions, the Igbo community's role is continually undermined by the indigene-settler dichotomy and exclusionary urban policies. The study recommended, among others, that Lagos State should formally recognize and co-manage migrant-built markets and establish stronger frameworks for civic inclusion to reconcile economic indispensability with political equity for all residents.

Over the past several decades, the economies of the world have become greatlyconnected through international trade and globalization. Foreign trade has been identifiedas the oldest and most important part of a country's economic relationship. The basis forforeign trade rests on the fact that nations do differ in their resource endowment, preferences, technology, scale of production and capacity for growth and development. Over the past decades the volume of trade between nations of the world has increasedconsiderably. Particularly, Nigeria has witnessed a sharp rise in the volume of tradeandinvestment with other nations of the world. The relations between Nigeria andChinawhich cut across political, trade, investment, aid and military spheres have grownsomuch in recent years.

Background to the Study
The 20th century witnessed a significant shift in the nature of global conflicts, from interstate wars to intrastate conflicts, with a rising tide of ethnic and nationalist tensions. Against this backdrop, diplomatic strategies have emerged as a crucial tool in global conflict resolution. This research work provides an in-depth analysis of diplomatic strategies in global conflict resolution in the 20th century, tracing the evolution of diplomatic strategies from traditional state-centric approaches to more inclusive and multi-stakeholder frameworks. Historically, diplomatic strategies have played a vital role in preventing and resolving global conflicts. From the Concert of Europe to the League of Nations, international organizations have been instrumental in promoting diplomatic efforts to resolve conflicts. The United Nations, established in 1945, has been at the forefront of global conflict resolution, providing a platform for diplomatic efforts to prevent and resolve conflicts

The aims of this project is to explicitly narrate the nature of the death in the society, and its implications, the major causes of deaths in the world. In explaining this topic, several issues stead to be accounted for which are as follows: The discovery of death in the worlds, the emergence of burial institution in international relation. The nature of religion, culture, social, political and economic even environmental impacts around the globe today. The discrimination between the rich and poor in each culture and society and communities. The revolution of burial rites and rituals in the world and most importantly, the belief of the communities on their ancestors and the acceptance of their ancestors by the proper burial of the deceased to be accepted and the opening of their ancestral homes to be opened to the deceased as a come back into the ancestral fold, that they still existed in the communities providing safety and security, protection and guidance and instruction of impeding calamity or future events either through dreams and vision. The ancestors lives continuously in our hears the living. Therefore food sacrifices are made to/for them spiritually all over the world but the methods varies. Sins bring sicknesses and diseases which brings slavery to demons and shame, disgrace, poverty, dishonor and death. Satan’s counsels to Eve and eve’s persuasion of Adam and the eating of the forbidden fruits lures mankind from god to Satan; but repentance with a remorseful and a contrite heart returns one back to God. Furthermore, there is the inevitable and inestimable gifts of the “electricity” and (ICT) information and communication technology. To enable the industrial revolution which brings about the activities of events planners, diplomacy, negotiation between heads of states with speed by the use of the telephone internet with al it gadgets and applications, to connects states, communities, families, NGOs, states and non-state-actors in international relations (systems). Moreso, there is the Jews, the Hindu, the Christian, the skih, the Muslim and the Humanists and he Africa in burials and rites. The activities of the gravedigger(s) and the parson, and the
undertaker(s) role all add up to make the whole process spiritual different questions have been asked and are still been ask, where is heaven, is it up above in space? Or down below in the seas that separates the earth from the underground ocean? Then if one is to die how do you want to be buried? The issue of cremation and grave burial then arises. The economic impacts of burial rites are now very competitive, all over the world but especially in Africa where the bereaves now go to borrow or apply for loans from individual money lenders and LAPO, Banks, to finance the burial ceremony of their dead parents. This brings about under development and illiteracy in the family and communities. Proliferations of graves in the homes now in yoke in Africa due to the neglect and unattends nature of the cemeteries, graveyards, burial ground and family vaults in the world the parks and Greenland. The way forward for the government handling of burials and graves and cremation so that epidemic diseases will not erupt in the world and Africa especially. The statistical records of births and death, and longevity’s roles in the world.

Burial rites and rituals is one of the major religious rites in Benin, Nigeria and the world. It is said to have been practiced in Benin City in three phases. It appeared since the historical occupation of Iduland, during the eras of the Edionwere, Etẹbitẹ and Etẹghori and has continue all through the reigns of the Ogisos' – Igodo in Igodomigodo land from 40BC 16AD to Ogisi Owodo 1059 -1100AD. Title count thirty-one (31) Ogisos and Irebor Ogiemen. There have been thirty-six independent Obas and four dependent Obas inclusive of the reigning Oba Ewuare N'Ogidigan II as recorded by Obazenu.1 The Benin people are occupying the coastal region of the South-West. The obaship period begin with Oranmiyan 1170AD to his Royal Majesty, Oba Eware N’ Ogidigan II Omo N’Oba N’Edo Uku Akpọlọkpọlọ present reigning Oba. There have been different rites and rituals, traditional ceremonies and rituals and customs in Benin since the ancient settlement and civilization. The Binis have had, and still have and maintains the same process of first and final burial rites, and the method of inheritances early enough, there have been the designated burial place called in Benin Iteh and Ikpẹkpẹ. For burial for Edions and those Edionwere are buried at home or compound. The Binis remain strongly attached to their indigenous religions and traditional rites and practices.