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Employee participation refers to employee involvement in decision making that is concerned with shared decision making in the workplace [Mitchell, 1973]. Employee involvement is defined by [Locke & Schweiger, 1979] as shared decision making between supervisors and subordinates. According to [Noah, 2008], it is a type of delegation in which the subordinate gains greater control and freedom of choice in terms of bridging the communication gap between management and workers. It refers to the level of employee involvement in the strategic planning activities of the organization. Employee involvement can be deep or shallow in a corporation [Barringer & Bleudorn, 1999]. Employee participation in the planning process leads to potential innovation, which may facilitate opportunity and recognition in the organization [Zivkovic et al., 2009]. Managers allow subordinates to participate in decision making based on their merits, which has been shown by researchers to boost organizational performance [Witte, 1980; Sagie & Aycon, 2003].

Nanoparticles (Nano particles) are defined as structures with a diameter less than 100 nm and novel physical and chemical properties that differ sharply from the macro forms. The medical use of nanosilver particles is growing mainly due to their antimicrobial properties. The impact of NSPs on the regulation of vascular tone (vasoconstriction/vasodilation), blood flow distribution, heartbeat, electric mechanisms, etc.; as well as their protective or adverse role in the development and progression of cardiovascular pathologies has not been properly understood. The aim of this present work was to determine the effect of nanosilver on vascular reactivity in isolated rabbit carotid artery.

The result for proximate analysis on Semolina (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) showed carbohydrates 76.31±0.51, crude fibre 2.43±0.10, Ash 1.86±0.43, crude fat 1.14±0.05, protein 9.14±0.22 and moisture 9.11±0.07. From the results Semolina has high carbohydrates content and the low value of moisture content indicates the longer shelf life. The results of the mineral content showed the presence of calcium 5.57±0.25, magnesium 0.94±0.27, potassium 116.57±3.96, copper 0.02±0.01, zinc 0.97±0.05 and iron 0.87±0.21 in the sample.

Over the years, studies has been carried out on the effects of various plants on intraocular pressure and blood pressure. However, the numerous benefits Dennettia tripetala on the eye are still unfolding. The work below is the effect of graded doses of pepper fruit extract on intraocular pressure and blood pressure. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of pepper fruit aqueous extract on intraocular pressure and blood pressure using normotensive patients. 60 subjects was be used within the age of 18 – 35years, for the experiment. Intraocular pressure and blood pressure was measured using the Perkins tonometer and Mercury sphygmomanometer before ingestion and at 30 minutes interval for 180 minutes for group A, B and C.The measurement was carried out three times and the average is taken. 50mg/kg, 75mg/kg and 100mg/kg body weight of Dennettia tripetala doses was given to group A, B and C respectively, while group D will be given 500ml of pure water, intraocular pressure and blood pressure was measured at 30 minutes interval for 180 minutes. The data obtained from this study was analysed using repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) as processed by the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS), version 22.0. The result obtained from this study will enlighten optometrist on the effect of Dennettia tripetala on intraocular pressure and blood pressure

Asthma is a prevalent respiratory condition that is characterized by chronic airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction, often accompanied by systemic inflammation. Pharmacological interventions such as Montelukast and Prednisolone are commonly used to manage asthma, but their impact in extra-pulmonary tissues still remains less explored. This study is aimed to investigate the effect of Montelukast and Prednisolone on the histology of the heart, lungs and aorta in asthma induced Sprague-dawley rats. To achieve this, a total of 80 Sprague-dawley rats were used for this study, which were divided into two (2) main groups (control and test groups). Group 1 control - not induced with asthma, Group 2 negative control - induced with asthma but
not treated. While the test groups were divided into: Group 3 (asthma induced and treated with
montelukast) and Group 4 (asthma induced and treated prednisolone), with 20 rats per group. Asthma was induced by sensitizing all experimental groups (2, 3, and 4) with 1 mg OVA and 200 mg aluminum hydroxide dissolved in 0.9 saline on day 0 and 7, challenged with OVA (1 % w/v, adsorbed in 0.9 saline) twice weekly from day 7 of treatment until the last day with a Medel family of nebulizer. During the period of challenged, the tested groups were being treated with 10mg/kg of montelukast and 3mg/kg of prednisolone (oral) and at the end of the experiment, the heart, lungs and aorta were harvested and fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution, embedded in paraffin and then subjected to histopathological study.

In the periodic table of elements, between zinc (Zn) and mercury (Hg), lies the naturally occurring metal cadium (Cd), which exhibits chemical properties akin to zinc (Zn). It is an element with supple, ductile, silvery white with bluish undertones, glossy, and electro positive characteristics. Cadmium has a melting point is 321 °C, boiling point is 765 °C, atomic number is 48, and atomic mass is 112. It has no taste or smell and is extremely toxic. Eight stable isotopes make up this metal: 106 Cd, 108 Cd, 110 Cd, 111 Cd, 112 Cd, 113 Cd, 114 Cd, and 116 Cd. 112 Cad and 114 Cad are the most prevalent isotopes (Adriano 2001). It typically appears as a divalent caption that has been complicated by additional elements (e.g., CdCl2). Since Cd is typically found as an impurity in deposits of zinc (Zn) or lead (Pb), it is primarily produced as a by-product of the smelting of these metals. Cd is present in the earth's crust at a rate of about 0.1 parts per million (Hans 1999).

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder defined by increased levels of circulating blood sugar (hyperglycemia) caused by abnormal insulin secretion and/or signaling. Diabetes mellitus is divided into type 1 and type 2, a division that reflects the cause
of the metabolic Dysfunction. There is increasing evidence that complications related to diabetes are associated with oxidative stress, induced by the generation of free radicals. The plant, Phyllanthus amarus have antidiabetic and antioxidant
properties. The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster is a highly suitable system to model type 2 diabetes because mechanisms of glucose homeostasis are conserved between flies and humans, and it allows for substantial ease of experimental and
genetic manipulation in comparison to rodent models. This study was done to find out the antidiabetic and antioxidant effect of P. Amarus in Type 2 diabetic D.melanogaster flies. Both genders of D.melanogaster flies (Harwich strain) of 1-3 days old were divided into four groups with each group containing 50 flies. Group 1 served as control and the flies were treated with basal diet. Group 2 flies were fed with 30% high sucrose diet. Group 3 flies were fed with 30% high sucrose diet and 40Mm P. amarus. Group 4 flies were fed with 30% high sucrose diet and 40mM silymarin. The flies were monitored under a natural photoperiod of about 12 hours light and 12 hours dark daily for a period of 21 days and was replicated 5 times. The flies were monitored daily and the survival was done.

The study examined on the perception of mass media as tools for sensitizingthepublic about infectious pandemic: a case study of corona virus in BeninCity, Nigeria. Survey method was adopted and the instrument used for data collectionwas the questionnaire. Using the Taro Yameni formula, 400 peopleweresampled from the population of 1,495,800 in Benin City being the capital ofEdo state, these Statistic figures of 2016 population census, during the causeofthis survey. 400 questionnaires were distributed through the city andall 342were retrieved. Data collected was analyzed in tables and simple percentages. The media play an important role in the dissemination of informationonthe2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The novel Coronavirusdisease 2019 (COVID-19), first identified in Wuhan China in December2019, has rapidly spread to almost every region of the world. To prevent spreadof thevirus, civil societies and government agencies embarked on enlightenment campaigns for good hygiene and social distancing. However, it is important tomeasure whether the population is receiving information that calms it down, aswell as whether such news are in accordance with the magnitude of the issue. This study assessed knowledge and perceptions about COVID-19 amongthegeneral public in Nigeria during the initial week of the pandemic lockdowninthe country. The findings affirm that Nigerians are highly knowledgeable about COVID-19 and their premier sources of information about the pandemic is thesocial media. Covid -19 pandemic is one of the major public health concernsinthe country. Using the mass media in creating the awareness throughmediacampaign of breast cancer has become imperative.

Graetz (2006) asserts that all learning takes place in a physical environment with quantifiable and perceptible physical characteristics, be it in a large lecture hall, underneath a tree, or in front of a computer screen. Lizzio, Wilson and Simons (2002) identified the learning environment as a major variable in the interacting system of thelearning process. Learning environment and how it is perceived by the students or learners have been identified as having major influence on both learning processes and outcomes. In this regard, Frenzel, Pekrun and Goetz (2007) reports that numerous studies have clearly demonstrated the significant relationship between perceived learning environmentand student achievement. Randhawa and Michayluk (1974) attribute much of the reliable variance in student performance to the aptitude of the learner and the environment of learning. In the view of Zhu,Valcke, Schellens and Li (2009), the quality of student learning seems to be closely related to their perceptions of the learning environment. In view of the foregoing, recent years have witnessed an increasing global interestand concern among all educational stakeholders regarding the role of learning environment in education cutting across all levels, from the most basic level of learning, to to the most advanced levels of tertiary education.

History as an academic subjects is taught nearly in all the post primary institution, particularly in secondary Grammar schools and Grade 2 teacher training colleges in Nigeria, either as a compulsory or as an optioned subject. This is because the government curriculum specialist, parents, teachers and students have realized the short and long-term relevance of history to mankind.