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The purpose of this study is to examine the use of impolite language within the context of footballrelated discourse among fans of European football in Nigeria. European football, particularly leagues like the Champions league, English Premier League (EPL), Spanish LaLiga, among others, has gained immense popularity in Nigeria, leading to passionate and often heated discussions and interactions among fans. This study is aimed at creating awareness and broadening our understanding as to how and why impoliteness occurs as well as its impact on communication, in this context. The study further provides insights on the various forms of impolite language such as insults, swearing, verbal abuse and other offensive language and seeks to provide analysis on their functions, intentions, effects and consequences.

Social media plays a crucial role in the management of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), significantly contributing to their growth, survival, and ability to achieve business objectives (Adeniran & Johnston, 2021; Wang & Kim, 2023). Traditionally, SMEs relied on conventional tools such as pricing strategies, distribution channels, and promotional techniques to attract customers and enhance sales performance. However, the emergence of social media has transformed business strategies by providing
an affordable and efficient platform to engage with a broader audience and improve marketing outcomes

L'immigration est un phénomène très dangereux qui affecte l'Afrique et d'autres continents depuis très longtemps. L'immigration en Afrique est le problème le plus important de ce siècle. Du Nigeria au Ghana, du Ghana au Togo c'est toujours la même situation. Année après année, des centaines de milliers de personnes quittent le continent africain pour se rendre en Europe via la Libye en passant par Tripoli et d'autres routes à la recherche d'emplois, d'une vie meilleure, certaines quittent l'Afrique à cause de la guerre, des catastrophes naturelles, des épidémies, de la violation des droits, du terrorisme et également pour des fins éducatives. Beaucoup de ces personnes rencontrent leur mort prématurée alors que peu d'entre elles se sont rendues dans les pays de destination comme l'Europe, l'Asie et d'autres. Même celles qui se sont rendues en Europe ou en Asie et dans d'autres pays finissent par être déçues parce que leurs attentes et les objectifs pour y aller ne sont pas facilement atteints. Beaucoup d'entre eux sont confrontés à la discrimination, au chômage, à l'oppression, à la déportation, au rejet, à la ségrégation et même à la mort parce qu'ils sont considérés comme ne faisant pas
partie de cette société ou comme une menace pour la société.

Local government finance is one of the aspects of public finance. It deals with the generation of revenue, expenditure and utilization of financial resources in order to bring the impact of government closer to the people at the grassroots. Put differently, finance is essential at enabling local governments transform the lives of the rural dwellers through the provision of social services and rural infrastructures like the construction and maintenance of rural roads, markets, schools, health centers, etc. Finance is the heart of the major activities of government. Government units at all levels-national, State and Local are daily engaged in the production and distribution of public goods and services in areas such as agricultural extension, education, healthcare, social welfare, security, all of which involve huge amounts of money. The mobilization of the financial resources or revenue to meet the diverse welfare needs of the people has in effect become an important responsibility which governmental authorities have to shoulder. This responsibility not only includes the generation of revenue but also its allocation among competing needs of the local governments. It is within this context that we can appreciate the task of revenue collection at local government level (Abubakar, 1999)

The need for national development in Nigeria at this crucial time cannot be overstated in order to foster peaceful co-existence and national integration. Peace as well as nation building is an element that promotes unity, non-violence, economic growth and human development. However, the Farmers-herders menace that has been prevalent in some parts of Nigeria seems to make the concept of peace and national development a wild goose chase. As Okereke (2012) observed, all over the world (particularly majority of the third world countries and the Middle East) there has been a surge in the rate of violence, kidnapping, insurgencies, vandalism, rape, unemployment, terrorist attacks, cultism, and armed robbery, etc. The Nigeria state has had its fair share in this global challenge with the trend worsened by the spate of farmers-herders crisis. The armed Fulani herdsmen in Nigeria have destroyed many lives and properties worth millions of naira while influx of people have been rendered homeless

The influence of fertility rate and life expectancy on economic growth cannot be overemphasized. This study examined empirically examined the fertility rate, life expectancy and economic growth in Nigeria employing the use an ECM model as its tool of data analysis. The scope of the study is from 1981-2021 to reflect current dynamics in the real sector as well as the social sectors (demographics). Based on the findings of this study, it was discovered that life expectancy significantly influences economic growth in Nigeria. While fertility rate has an insignificant impact on economic growth. Also, government expenditures on health and education does not significantly affect economic growth in the period under consideration. In light of the above findings, significant resources should be allocated to the health and educational sectors as this would boost health care delivery and literacy rate in Nigeria. This is because it is only a healthy and educated workforce that can contributed meaningfully to the growth process of Nigeria. The study concluded that life expectancy is a key determinant of
economic growth in Nigeria.

A one month (August, 2023) study was conducted in Okomu Oil Palm plantation (an altered rainforest habitat) located in Ovia South-West L.G.A., Edo state Nigeria in order to investigate the dietary and feeding habit of the ground dwelling anurans in the study area. The paucity in available information on the food and feeding habit of ground dwelling anurans from the rainforest ecological zone necessitated this study. The specimens were collected at night using the visual and acoustic sampling technique. They were euthanized by exposure to chloroform in a killing jar, injected and fixed with 10% formalin to arrest digestion and preserve stomach content. The gut contents were introduced into properly labeled vials and their prey items fixed in 70% alcohol for microscopic examination and identification. The dietary composition of 28 ground dwelling anurans belonging to 3 families (Bufonidae, Pipidae and Ranidae), 4 genera (Sclerophrys, Silurana, Ptychadena and Hoplobatrachus) and 5 species were recorded. The species encountered included: Sclerophrys maculata, Silurana tropicalis, Hoplobatrachus occipitalis, Ptychadena bibroni and Ptychadena longirostris. A total of 325 prey items belonging to 8 Orders, were recovered from their stomach of which Hymenoptera had the highest abundance of 92.9%, was the most dominant prey item recorded while the least prey item recorded were Dermaptera, Orthoptera and Geophilomorpha which had the lowest abundance of 0.31% each.

This study was carried out to assess the effect of spent engine oil on the growth of two microalgae Monoraphidium contortum and Dimorphococcus lunatus. The test algae were grown in seven concentrations of 0% (control), 5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% which were set up in triplicates. The growth response was monitored every two days for 14days using a visible spectrophotometer (Model No. HV-721). The percentage inhibition, percentage yield, growth rate, and cumulative growth rate and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were calculated using Microsoft Excel software. Physicochemical parameters were also assessed including, pH, total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity using prescribed methods. The results obtained showed that both microalgae species exhibited a positive growth response to the WSF, with Monoraphidium contortum consistently demonstrating higher growth compared to Dimorphococcus lunatus across all tested WSF concentrations. Statistical analysis using ANOVA indicated no significant difference (p > 0.05) in growth response among the various WSF concentrations for both species. However, temporal differences between measurements were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Percentage inhibition analysis revealed growth stimulation at low concentrations (5%, 10%, 25%, and 50%) and inhibition at high concentrations (75% and 100%) for both species, with Monoraphidium contortum showing higher inhibitory response relative to Dimorphococcus lunatus. Algal yield was enhanced at low to high concentrations (0-75%) for Monoraphidium contortum and low to moderate concentrations (0-50%) for Dimorphococcus lunatus. Growth rate analysis consistently favored Monoraphidium contortum across all WSF concentrations tested. Cumulative growth rate analysis suggested that Dimorphococcus lunatus may be less tolerant to WSF components compared to Monoraphidium contortum. Furthermore, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, and pH increased significantly on termination of the experiment. Based on the findings of this study, both microalgae showed bioremediation potentials and should be further studied

One significant and ongoing administrative issue that secondary schools in developing nations appear to face is indiscipline. All organizations, but notably educational institutions, deal with this issue. Events pertaining to our current educational system, specifically in relation to secondary schools, point to several disciplinary issues in Nigeria, including truancy, test malpractice, tardiness, theft, violence, cultism, and indecent clothing, among others. Even in the most developed nations, a lot of schools often struggle with indiscipline. Let's first define discipline in order to better understand what is meant by indiscipline. The advance learner dictionary of modern English defines discipline as the process of molding one's thoughts and character to develop self-control and an obedient habit. It appears that discipline is necessary to create a generation of well-mannered young people who grow up to be responsible adults in the community (Aguaba 2009). According to Idoko (2005), discipline is the capacity or readiness to learn to defer to authority and abide by the customs and established rules of a group or a community.On the other side, lack of discipline results in poor control, inadequate training, disorderly conduct, disobedience, and chaos. Vain indiscipline in schools also includes students who intentionally try to disobey social norms or laws that might impede the smooth operation of the school, as well as those that break school rules, lack self-control, and show a lack of commitment and dedication.

Lidocaine HCl 1.0%, is a local anaesthetic which is commonly used in the eye care profession during certain diagnostic tests and examinations to produce numbness or loss of sensation on or around the eye to aid certain diagnostic tests and procedures such as tonometry, pachymetry, gonioscopy, foreign body removal etc. It is also the drug of choice for certain ocular surgical procedures such as cataract surgery, pterygium excision, trabeculectomy and other procedures involving periocular structures. This study was carried out to examine and determine the effect of topical lidocaine HCl 1.0% on blink rate, tear stability and tear flow rate. This was an experimental study which was carried out on 36 randomly selected healthy young adults (18 males and 18 females) with mean age 22.61 ± 2.66 years, with no history of contact lens wear, ocular surface disorders, and current use of topical ocular medications. The blink rate, tear stability and tear flow rate of the various participants were obtained before and after the application of lidocaine HCl 1.0% ophthalmic solution. The blink rate per minute was measured with the use of a stopwatch, tear stability was determined through NonInvasive Tear Break Up Time (NITBUT) with a keratometer. The results obtained showed that the mean value of the blink rate, tear stability and tear flow rate decreased after the instillation of lidocaine. There was no significant relationship between gender and the value of the blink rate, tear stability and tear flow rate; there was also no significant relationship between age and the blink rate and tear flow rate but it was observed there was an inverse relationship between age and tear stability. Thus, the use of topical lidocaine HCl 1.0 % is safe for use in the eye care profession but screening for dry eye disease should be carried out before administration of this anaesthetic.