ENGINEERING

Renewable energy sources are a practical solution for addressing the ongoing supply gap in the power industry. Because of the availability of solar energy throughout the world, unlike other geographically restricted resources, solar energy is most beneficial of all renewable energy resources. The Internet of Things can be seen as a network of physical objects, which have access to the internet and communicate with each other sharing and collecting data (Madadi, 2021) . The application of this technology in solar panels can greatly enhance the monitoring, performance and maintenance of the panel. Since the greater part of them are set in areas that are inaccessible and therefore monitoring them is not possible from a specific location. Sophisticated frameworks for remote monitoring of the plant using web-based interface is required for this massive scale of solar system deployment systems. In this project, an online report station for solar energy plant was developed. The system was designed using three major layers of IOT architecture, which are perception layer, network layer, and application layer. The perception layer contains the sensor devices. This layer reads the value of the monitored parameters and converts it from analog to a digital signal. Three parameters, voltage, temperature and humidity are measured using Resistive voltage sensor, DHT11.The network layer acts as a gateway using a wireless network architecture like Wi-Fi. It receives the data from the perception layer and routes the data to the cloud using ESP8266. The
application layer delivers the processed data to the user in an interface the user can interact with. This project entails the design and implementation of an online report station that is capable of monitoring the status, condition and generated output of a solar energy plant. Three parameter, voltage, temperature and humidity are measured using the designed system. The result is displayed on the developed webpage and can be access by the user.

This paper presents the design and simulation of a 4 -bladed controllable-pitch marine propeller for relatively small to mediumsized vessels that enhances both maneuverability and efficiency in diverse maritime operational conditions, using the design basis of a small coastal twin screw passenger ferry. The design process utilized the wageningen B-series standard design chart (B4-70), using the optimum design line to carry out design analysis of the propeller, with detailed mathematical analysis/calculations to derive the propeller geometric parameters, followed by the development and modification of a 3D propeller
model using SolidWorks. The hydrodynamic performance and behavior of the CPP were analyzed using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations across varying propeller pitch angles, enabling the determination of thrust and torque under different operational conditions. The results from parametric studies and optimization indicate that a decrease in the propeller blade tip pitch angle leads to improved efficiency, enhancing propulsion and fuel economy. The simulations also revealed that the maximum ahead thrust was achieved at a pitch angle of -30° from the design pitch, the maximum astern thrust at 60° from the design pitch, and approximately zero thrust at 20° from the design pitch.