NIL

Substance abuse among young people has become a pressing social and public health concern in Nigeria and across the world. Youth, defined as individuals in their adolescent and early adult years, are at a critical stage of development where experimentation, peer influence, and exposure to risky behaviors are heightened. The misuse of substances such as alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and prescription or illicit drugs poses significant dangers to their physical health, mental well-being, education, and future productivity.

This study investigates the concentration of selected heavy metals—lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and nickel (Ni)—in commonly consumed fruits sold in urban markets within Benin City, Nigeria, with the aim of assessing their safety and potential health risks to consumers. Urban agriculture, while vital for food security and nutrition, faces contamination challenges from industrial emissions, vehicular activities, and waste mismanagement that lead to heavy metal accumulation in soils and crops. Fruit samples including mangoes, oranges, bananas, pawpaw, and pineapples is analysed for heavy metal concentrations and compared against international safety standards set by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Human health risk assessment models is applied to estimate potential non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks associated with fruit consumption. The study seeks to identify possible sources of contamination, provide
evidence-based insights into the safety of urban-grown fruits, and guide policymakers, regulators, and consumers in promoting safer urban agricultural practices and protecting public health.

‘’Whispers of Wisdom: Patriarchal influence on future generations ‘’ is a painting project that explores the relationship between the elder and younger generations, focusing on the transfer of knowledge, experience, and life lessons. The artwork portrays an old man offering guidance and wisdom to a group of youths, symbolizing the passing of generational advice. This project emphasizes the value of elders in shaping the moral, ethical, and practical direction of the younger generation though storytelling, mentorship, and lived experiences. The project draws from psychological and philosophical theories, such as Erik Erikson’s concept of generativity, which highlights the elder’s role in contributing to the well-being of the next generation. The painting also reflects cultural traditions where elders are revered for their wisdom and insight, providing a visual narrative that calls for reflection on the importance of intergenerational relationships. Using Acrylic on canvas, the painting integrates rich textures and contrasting light to highlight the figure of the old man, symbolizing wisdom, leadership, and guidance. Through symbolism, such as a book and staff held by the elder, the painting conveys themes of knowledge, strength, and legacy. ‘’Whispers of Wisdom: Patriarchal influence on future generations’’ encourages viewers to appreciate the role of elders in their own lives and recognize the impact of wisdom passed down through generations.

The abstract concludes that Vietnam was a definitive example of limited war, where the diplomatic objectives of the superpowers preventing global escalation frequently clashed with the local objectives of their Vietnamese allies. The conflict ultimately demonstrated the limitations of superpower influence in the face of determined nationalist movements and the complexities of multi-polar diplomacy in a supposedly bipolar world.

This study investigates the systematic occurrence of vowel harmony in Anam Igbo, a Benue-Congo language variety known for its distinct phonetic characteristics. While standard Igbo typically adheres to a strict harmony system based on the feature [±ATR] (Advanced Tongue Root), Anam Igbo exhibits unique variations and "opaque" behaviors that challenge traditional rule-based phonology.

This study examines the impact Value Added Tax (VAT) revenue and economic performance in Nigeria using time series data from year 1994-2020. The result of the estimated OLS model shows that there is a positive and significant relationship between VAT revenue and economic performance in Nigeria which was proxied by the real GDP at 5% level of significance. Personal Income Tax was found to positively affect economic growth and was significant at 5% level and lastly, the analysis revealed that a positive relationship exists between VAT revenue and total household consumption expenditure and the relationship was found to have being statistically significant at 5% level. The study recommended that government should consider the implications when making decisions about VAT rates and structure and that a potential solution is to mitigate the negative effects of VAT on lower-income households by implementing a progressive tax system where lower rates are applied to basic necessities and higher rates to luxury goods and services. The study further recommended that in order to enhance economic growth of Nigeria through VAT revenue, the enlightenment of the public on how VAT works, how it is calculated and how it affects them can increase understanding and acceptance of the tax.

The competitive nature of the market place in recent times has called for diversified and intensive marketing strategy by each and every organisation.Different forms of promotional activities are embraced by business owners to boost sales. Technological advancements and discoveries have made the act of marketing more easier, less resource consuming and time bound. The growth and advancement of the Internet has fostered the concept of social media marketing as well as use of social media influencers by business owners. The use of influencers who most times are celebrities is a form of marketing trend that seeks to explore, support, identify and engage people involved in impactful conversations. In this millennial age, people spend their time on the interactive media than the traditional media and with our frequent presence on social media the thought on how to use the influence, status and the following acquired on this platform and to increase income has led to brand influencing on social media. So brands, whom their target audience can be found among these influencers' audience will also maximize the opportunity to reach and sell to them

Micronutrients vitamins and trace minerals are indispensable for human health, supportinggrowth, metabolic functions, immune responses, and overall wellbeing (WorldHealthOrganization, 2020). Deficiencies in micronutrients such as iron, zinc, calciumand vitaminAremain major global public-health challenges, especially in low- and middle-income countrieswhere dietary diversity is limited (Bailey et al., 2015). In this context, identifying and promotingunder-utilised indigenous leafy plants that are nutrient-dense is increasingly seen as a viablestrategy for improving nutrition, food security and health outcomes

The study is concerned with the assessment of the Impact of Cyber Crime On Nigeria's image in The International Community, using the report of returned legal migrants, the study adopted an interview schedule to collate the response of 10 returned
legal migrants. The study found out that; cybercrime is rampant in Nigeria, encompassing various illicit activities such as phishing scams, online fraud, identity theft, and malware attacks. This prevalence of cybercrime not only poses significant challenges
to individuals and businesses within Nigeria but also tarnishes the country's reputation in the international community. The research also explored the report of returned legal migrants examining the profound challenges they face upon reintegration into Nigerian society. Stigmatization, social ostracism, and difficulties finding legitimate employment opportunities were commonly reported experiences, reflecting the enduring impact of their involvement in cybercriminal activities abroad. The study also highlights the diplomatic ramifications of cybercrime on Nigeria's international relations and foreign policy objectives. Instances of cyber attacks originating from Nigeria can strain bilateral ties, undermine trust and cooperation with foreign partners, and damage Nigeria's reputation as a responsible member of the global community. The study recommended that the EFCC have to increase its task to salvage the image of Nigeria in the international community as a whole by increasing efforts to curb cyber crimes among Nigerians, also the government should create an enabled enviroment for citizens to be able to go about legitimate businesses to make ends meet.

This study conducts a comprehensive quality analysis of sachet water from multiple companies operating in Benin City, Nigeria. Sachet water, commonly referred to as "pure water," constitutes a primary source of affordable drinking water for a significant portion of the city's population. The research aims to assess the physical, chemical, and microbiological properties of these products to provide critical insights into their safety and quality.The analysis encompasses a rigorous evaluation of the physical characteristics, including colour, odour, and turbidity, as well as an in-depth examination of chemical properties such as pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and specific ions influencing taste and safety. Furthermore, the microbiological quality is assessed by investigating the presence of coliform bacteria and potential pathogens.Comparative analyses are conducted to discernvariations or discrepancies in sachet water quality among different companies. Recommendations based on the findings are provided,which can be utilized by regulatory authorities and sachet water producers to enhance the quality and safety of these products.This study bears significant implications for public health, as sachet water serves as a vital source of drinking water for many residents of Benin City. Additionally, it empowers consumers with essential information for making informed choices regarding their water source. The findings also contribute to regulatory improvements, thereby benefiting both consumers and producers in the sachet water industry