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Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer related death among women worldwide. The most effective means of decreasing mortality rate due to breast cancer is by early detection through breast self-examination. The main purpose of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of breast self-examination among female undergraduate law students of The University of Benin. A cross-sectional descriptive questionnaire based study was used and a convenience sampling technique was used to select two hundred and thirty seven female law students in The University of Benin. The data gathering tool was a modified and adapted questionnaire. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to the data analysis. Simple frequency and the percentage was used to describe the data, while chi-square was used to test the hypotheses. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. The analysis was performed using the IBM Statistical
Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 28.0 for windows. Result shows that It showed that 88(37.1%) had good knowledge of breast self-examination, 79(33.3%) poor knowledgeand70(29.5%) had fair knowledge. It showed that 154(65.0%) of the respondents had negative attitude toward breast self-examination while 83(35.0%) had positive attitude BSE. It showed that 94(39.7%) had poor level of practice, 115(48.5%) had fair practice level, while 28(11.8%)had good level of practice. The result showed that majority of respondents have a good knowledge of breast self-examination, negative attitude towards breast self-examination and a fair practice of breast self-examination. The study therefore recommends that there is the need to develop and implement targeted educational programs focusing on breast cancer awareness and the importance of breast self-examination, emphasizing the significance of early detection and preventive measures.

The objective of the study is the effects of digital economy on tax collection. In generating data, the primary source of data was employed through the administration of questionnaires. We found out that enforcing tax compliance affects digital economy, Cross border transactions affects digital economy and size and growth of the digital economy, including e-commerce, digital services, and online advertising affects the collection of taxes.
The study makes the following recommendations that government should strengthen to foster collaboration with other tax jurisdictions in database management. Government should reconsider the option of taxing digital economic activities on revenue base tax instead of profit base tax to avoid tax evasion strategies. In addition, sustaining and encouraging the use of digital platforms through the creation of an enabling environment among the industry players could also be imperative.

Cette recherche se focalise sur l’influence de la conscience des affairessur l’apprentissage du français chez les etudiants de troisième et quatrièmeannée de l’University of Benin . Pour l’étude , nous avons utiliséunepopulation de 120 étudiants du Département des Langues Etrangères, University of Benin. Ces étudiants sont tirés de troisième et quatrièmeannée. Un questionnaire bien structuré est aussi utilisé pour prendre leur donnésetleur réponses. A travers notre recherche , il est découvert que la plupart des étudiantscroient que la conscience des affaires influencent beaucoup l’apprentissagede la langue française. Par exemple, environ 61.5%des répondantsdetroisième année sont d’accord qu’ils font des études personnelles surlaculture et la civilisation française à cause de leur intérêt dans le mondedesaffaires et une grande majorité de 78% des étudiants de quatrièmeannées’accordent que leur apprentissage de la langue française peut leur aider dansle monde des affaires. De même , la plupart des 'étudiants affirmequ’ils entreprendront une carrière à plein-temps dans le monde des affaires aprèsavoir terminé les études. Ainsi, grâce à notre recherche , nous avons pu découvrir l’influencedelaconscience des affaires sur l’apprentissage du français chez les étudiantsdel’University of Benin. Nous avons alors recommandé l’introductiondescours spéciaux sur le français au domaine du commerce par le départementDes Langues Etrangères. Ensuite ,l’université doit bien equipper lelaboratoire de langue afin que les étudiants puissent avoir une expériencedel’utilisation du français dans le domaine du commerce à travers des outilsaudiovisuels modernes. Et puis, Le Département des Langues Etrangèresdoit augmenter la période de l’immersion linguistique de 6 mois à uneannéepleine et organiser des excursions et des voyages aux pays francophonesafinque les étudiants puissant améliorer leur connaissance du français pratiqueutilisé au domaine des affaires. Enfin les etudiants doivent fairedesrecherches personnels pour pouvoir devenir plus compétents dans l’usagedes termes et les registres commerciaux

It is near impossible, for any country to witness significant growth in its economy without a well-developed and dynamic industrial sector. The mainstay on industrial development aspects of government spending in modern structures of economic development derives from the fact that industrial sector is the vehicle or channel for sustained growth in the long run due to the fact that industrial sector brings about a structural transformation of the economy. The overall objective of this study is to examine the role of the industrial sector in the development of the Nigerian economy. The variables considered are the ratio of private sector credit to GDP, a proxy for financial growth, as the dependent variable while real GDP per capita, a proxy for
GDP, industrial output, a proxy for industrial growth and investment as the independent variables for the study. Augmented Dickey-fuller (ADF) test was used for the unit root test and the variables were found to be stationary at second difference. Then Johansen (1988) technique was used to establish if the stationary variables are co-integrated. Further, ECMis employed to correct any form of disequilibrium in the short run. The result of stationarity and normality test reveals that the model is fairly well specified and could be used for policy analysis. The analysis was based on data extracted from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin and World Development
Indicators (WDI). The result of the analysis shows that all the variables were statistically significant at 5%. The results reveal that there is, overall, a positive relationship between financial growth and industrial growth. The study therefore suggest that the government should adopt policies capable of stimulating industrial activities which will ensure sustainable financial growth.

Though political violence seems irrational, Nigeria's return to democracy in1999brought about considerable political changes, particularly in the way multi-party elections were conducted. The purpose of this study is to investigate how Nigeria's democracy has been weakened by the prevalence of political violence. The analysis uses survey data to answer the queries about political violence and democracy. The research offers a more thorough analytical investigation and builds on the theories of group violence and frustration-aggression. The study contends that certain democratic principles such as freedom, equality, accountability, and the rule of law constitute a" universal pattern" in democratic practice, making it crucial to evaluate the Nigerian and Egyptian experience critically. As a result, our findings imply that the political elite's vested interests are fundamentally a factor in the prevalence of political violence.

Asthma is a long-term inflammatory condition of the airways that causes a variety of symptoms due to the irritation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. The aim of this study is to determine
the effects of Montelukast and hydrocortisone on liver function, liver antioxidant levels, and histology, in order to determine which medication may have a more favorable effect on the liver. Methodology: Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 180-250g were divided into two main groups; the Control group and Test group. The test group was further divided into three subgroups treated with anti-asthmatic drugs. The control group received normal rat chow and water
throughout the experiment while the test groups were exposed to concentrations of Ovalbumin (OVA, egg albumin grade II) and aluminum hydroxide to induce asthma after which they were treated with hydrocortisone and montelukast. All experimental groups (2, 3, and 4) were sensitized
1mg OVA and 200mg aluminum hydroxide dissolved in 0.9 saline on day 0 and 7. After confirmation of asthma in all test groups, treatment began with 5mg/kg hydrocortisone (i.p) and 10mg/kg Montelukast. They were challenged with OVA (1% w/v, dissolved in 0.9 saline) twice
weekly from day 7 of treatment until the last day. For the challenge, rats were placed in a plastic chamber measuring 70cm in diameter and 40cm in length connected to a Medel family nebulizer
with aerosol delivery of 0.28ml/min. At the end of drug administration, all animals were euthanized, blood and tissue samples collected for biomarker assay and histology. All data obtained from the experiments are expressed as mean ± Standard Error of Mean (SEM) and
statistical analysis performed by one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for assessing differences amongst multiple groups, followed by Tukey's test using Graphpad Prism 10.0.3 software. The
result of the experiment showed that there were statistically significant differences in liver enzymes and antioxidant levels among Montelukast and hydrocortisone treatment on asthma induced spraguedawley rats.

The natural ripening process of fruit involves a series of physical and chemical transformations, leading to sweetness, coloration, softness, and enhanced taste. This research aimed to explore the impacts of two ripening methods on the nutritional value, namely; calcium carbide and woodash, on orange. Freshly plucked green matured oranges were used for the determination of proximate analysis and mineral content (potassium (k), phosphorus (p), calcium(Ca), sodium(Na). Calcium carbide had the highest Ca, Mg, P, Na (111.10 mg/100g, 108.25mg/100g, 50.05mg/100g and 50.30mg/100g respectively and also shows significant differences between the two ripening methods based on the contents respectively. The results of the study showed that
using calcium carbide as a ripening agent significantly reduced the nutrients in the fruit. Because of itspossible effects on nutritional quality, ash has been used as a preservative in food preservation. Thestudy evaluates changes in important nutritional characteristics such vitamins, minerals, and antioxidantsusing analytical techniques, such as nutritional analysis with untreated oranges. The results shed light onthe effectiveness of ash as a preservative and how it affects oranges' nutritional value.

This study examines the negative impact of social media usage on the mental health of students at the University of Benin. The research was driven by the growing integration of social media into students’ daily lives and the potential psychological risks associated with excessive use. It aims to explore how patterns of social media engagement af ect students’ mental well-being, self-esteem, and body image, as well as to identify protective factors that can help mitigate these negative impacts. The study recognizes that while social media serves as a tool forcommunication, learning, and self-expression, it also exposes students to issues such as anxiety, depression, cyberbullying, and social comparison, which can contribute to poor mental healthoutcomes. Existing literature reveals a complex relationship between social media and mental health, showing that prolonged exposure to curated online content can distort perceptions of reality, increase stress, and promote addictive behaviors. The research draws on the Cultivation Theory, which explains how continuous engagement with media shapes individuals’ understanding of the world. In this context, students who spend excessive time on social media are more likely to internalize unrealistic standards and negative social comparisons, af ecting their psychological well-being. The study also highlights how digital habits, such as late-night browsing and excessive screen time, can disrupt sleep patterns and overall mental stability. An explanatory research design was adopted to analyze the relationship between social media usage and students’ mental health. A sample of 150 University of Benin students was selected using Yamane’s formula, and data were collected through semi-structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistical tools such as frequencies. percentages and bar charts were employed for analysis. The findings suggest that the current usage of social media platforms has accounted for mental
health issues, ranging from the increased time spent on the different social media platforms daily, creating an unsterilized mental health for these students. In conclusion the findings revealed that the sample size has experienced one mental health issue to another from using social media. The findings provided recommendations to check and regulate the negative impacts of social media, time limits, social media detox, engagement in of line activities and actively choosing who to follow.

This study examined the relationship between students’ use of cognitive strategies and writing performance in Benin metropolis. It also examined the influence of sex, school type and subject grouping on senior secondary school 11 (SS11) students' performance in essay writing. The descriptive survey design adapting a correlational design was adopted for the study. A sample of seventy two (72) students, both boys and girls, randomly drawn from a population of nine thousand, eight hundred and sixteen (9,816) took part in the study. Two instruments, "The Strategy Students Use in Writing Questionnaire" (TSSUWQ) and“ Writing Performance Test" (WPT) were used for data collection. The TSSUWQis made up of two sections, 'A' and 'B'. Section 'A' elicited participants' demographic data such as sex, school type and subject group. Section 'B' contains twenty(20) items on different
cognitive writing strategies that students use. The WPT was used to test students' performance in essay writing. The reliability of the questionnaire was determine dusing Cronbach's Alpha and reliability coefficient of 0.72 was obtained. The WPT was assessed using Intra-class correlation coefficient and a correlation coefficient of 0.975wasobtained. All four hypotheses were set at .0.05 level of significance. Data collected were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that (1) Senior secondary school students' use of cognitive writing strategies was high. (2) Their use did not have any significant correlation with their writing performance. (3) There was also no significant difference in students’ use of writing strategies based on sex, school type and subject grouping. (4) It was therefore concluded that students’ cognitive writing strategy use does not influence their essay writing performance. (5) The study recommended among others that language teacher should pay more attention to students’ use of strategies in their essay writing tasks.

Dam and reservoir construction projects exert substantial influence on the environment and local communities, necessitating an exhaustive investigation. This study aims to scrutinize the impacts of such projects on ecosystems, communities, and cultures, primarily through a rigorous analysis of pertinent online publications. As environmental
implications are becoming more widely recognised, several countries now require Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) as essential parts of civil engineering projects. The study will meticulously examine both short-term and long-term environmental effects, delving into surface and ecosystem dynamics within the region, as well as ramifications on both the upstream and downstream aspects of the dam. Concurrently, the project will untangle the intricate network of social and economic consequences ranging from community displacement and cultural heritage erosion to potential conflicts over altered
water resource dynamics. To comprehensively grasp these issues, the study will navigate through academic journals, government reports, and news articles, utilizing the Aswan High Dam, Tarbela Dam, and Koyna Dam as targeted case studies.
The anticipated outcome of this research is poised to serve as a cornerstone in formulating sustainable and equitable dam and reservior management policies and practices within the scope of Civil Engineering. By dissecting the environmental and social issues of dam and reservoir construction, this study seeks to pinpoint strategic avenues for mitigating adverse effects while fostering positive outcomes. Its paramount significance lies in guiding the establishment of water management policies and practices that are not only sustainable but also intrinsically aligned with the principles of Civil Engineering