BARRIERS

Background/Aim: Motivational interviewing (MI) is increasingly recognised as a valuable communication approach in healthcare because it addresses key challenges such as patient engagement and sustained behaviour change. Although evidence supports MI as an effective strategy for promoting health behaviour change across conditions such as substance use and medication adherence, its implementation faces several barriers and facilitators that influence uptake and long-term success. This study therefore aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators to MI utilisation among healthcare providers.
Methods: To identify eligible studies, the following electronic databases were used for literature search: EMBASE, MEDLINE via OVID, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), SCOPUS, and Web of Science Core Collections. Furthermore, AJOL, ProQuest thesis and dissertation, Motivational Interviewing Network of Trainers (MINT) website and Google Scholar were also searched for grey literature. The reference lists of included studies were further screened for eligible studies. The inclusion criteria comprised of studies published in English Language, involving all healthcare (physicians, pharmacists, psychologists, nurses, physiotherapists and social workers), articles addressing the barriers and facilitators to the utilisation of MI and in context of healthcare settings. Screening and data extraction were conducted independently by two reviewers, with disagreements resolved with a consensus. Results were summarized using narrative synthesis following PRISMA-Scr framework.
Result: A total of 19 studies including 456 participants were included in this review. Majority of the participants were nurses as 11 out of the 19 studies included nurses as participants. Out of the included studies, 14 were qualitative studies, 1 randomised controlled trial (RCT), 1 mixed methods design, 1 quantitative design, 1 practice change project and 1 descriptive study. The narrative synthesis identified several barriers and facilitators to the use of motivational interviewing (MI). The most common barrier was the lack of time required to deliver MI effectively. Other identified barriers included insufficient provider training, high workload, patient-related challenges, and practitioner-related factors. Key facilitators reported were the availability of training, practice, support, and supervision, effective communication, readiness or tension for change, alignment of MI with existing practices (goodness of fit), and a supportive work environment.
Conclusion: This scoping review highlights key barriers and facilitators to healthcare providers’ use of MI. Barriers include time constraints, inadequate training, and heavy workloads, while facilitators include adequate training, organizational support, supervision, and positive work environments. Addressing these challenges can enhance MI’s effectiveness in improving patient outcomes.
Registration: The review protocol was developed, registered and made publicly available through the Open Science Framework database with the protocol registration link- https://osf.io/5pqh8
Keywords: Motivational interviewing, barriers, facilitators, healthcare providers, scoping review.

Background: Entrepreneurship has become an essential component of healthcare innovation, offering professionals in technical fields such as radiography opportunities for career advancement and self-reliance. However, many radiographers remain underprepared to explore entrepreneurial ventures due to limited knowledge, poor awareness of support systems, and systemic barriers. Aim: The study aimed to assess the level of knowledge, awareness, and the factors influencing radiographers’ engagement in entrepreneurial ventures in radiography. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was adopted for the study. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered to 31 radiographers in Benin City. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages were used for data analysis, while the Chi-square statistical test was applied to test the hypotheses at a 0.05 level of significance. Results: The findings revealed that most radiographers had a fair level of knowledge about entrepreneurship but showed low awareness of existing support systems and opportunities for business development in radiography. Major barriers identified included lack of startup capital (71.0%), absence of entrepreneurship training in radiography education (80.6%), and bureaucratic licensing procedures (67.7%). The Chi-square analysis further showed a significant relationship between radiographers’ level of knowledge and awareness of entrepreneurial ventures. Conclusion: The study concluded that radiographers possess moderate knowledge but low awareness and limited practical preparedness for entrepreneurship. Financial limitations, inadequate curriculum emphasis, and insufficient mentorship opportunities were key constraints. It was recommended that entrepreneurship modules be incorporated into radiography curricula, with policy support and access to funding programs to promote self-employment among radiographers.

This study investigated the barriers affecting the effective teaching and learning of Health Education. The purpose was to identify the major institutional, teacher-related, student-related, and environmental factors that hinder the successful delivery of Health Education as a subject. A descriptive survey research design was employed to gather data from teachers and students across selected public secondary schools. A structured questionnaire was used as the primary instrument for data collection, and data were analyzed using simple percentages and frequency counts. The findings revealed that several challenges significantly impede effective teaching and learning of Health Education in the study area. These include inadequate instructional materials, shortage of qualified teachers, insufficient time allocation, poor students’ interest, overcrowded classrooms, and limited support from school management. The study also found that socio-cultural beliefs and poor funding contribute to the difficulties faced in teaching the subject. Based on these findings, the study recommends increased government funding, provision of adequate instructional resources, employment of more qualified teachers, regular teacher training, and improved learning environments to enhance the quality of Health Education in secondary schools. The study concludes that addressing these barriers is essential for promoting health literacy and improving students’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours toward health and wellbeing

This study explores the attitudes of Oregbeni Market women towards immunization and the factors that influence their immunization decisions. A survey research design was employed, with data collected from 140 market women in Oregbeni Market, Edo State. The findings reveal that while there is a high level of awareness about the importance of immunization, knowledge about specific vaccines and the concept of immunization is limited. Negative attitudes, including fears of deformities and distrust in vaccine safety, are prevalent. Religion and culture significantly influence immunization attitudes, with some aligning their beliefs with medical consensus. Recommendations include tailored public health education campaigns, community engagement with local leaders, and further research to understand cultural nuances. Keywords: immunization, attitudes, Oregbeni Market, women, Nigeria, public health education