KNOWLEDGE

Background: Sports injuries were a major concern among amateur footballers, often leading to reduced performance, loss of participation time, and long-term complications. Effective injury prevention depended largely on athletes’ knowledge and attitudes toward preventive measures. However, limited research existed on these variables among amateur footballers in Nigerian universities, particularly within the University of Benin (UNIBEN). Aim: This study aimed to determine the knowledge and attitudes towards injury prevention among amateur footballers in the Faculty of Basic Medical Science, University of Benin. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design was employed involving 92 male and female amateur footballers aged 18 years and above from the Faculty of Basic Medical Science, UNIBEN. Participants were selected using a stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected using an adapted self-administered questionnaire assessing sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, and attitudes towards injury prevention. Descriptive statistics summarized participants’ characteristics, while Chi-square tests and independent t-tests determined associations between sociodemographic variables, knowledge, and attitude levels at a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: Participants were predominantly male (63%) and aged 18–25 years (78.3%). The majority (58.7%) demonstrated fair knowledge of injury prevention, while 28.3% had good knowledge and 13.0% had poor knowledge. Most participants (71.7%) displayed positive attitudes towards injury prevention. There was no significant association between gender, department, or BMI and knowledge or attitude levels (p > 0.05), but years of experience showed a weak positive relationship with knowledge scores. Conclusion: Amateur footballers in UNIBEN generally exhibited fair knowledge and positive attitudes towards injury prevention, although certain misconceptions persisted. Targeted educational interventions and physiotherapist-led prevention programs are recommended to enhance injury prevention awareness and promote safer sporting practices among university footballers.

This study was conducted to investigate the impact of knowledge and attitudes of placed based learning on air pollution among University of Benin students To achieve the purpose of the study, three (3) research questions were raised and literature related to the study were also reviewed. The Quasi research design was used for this study and the population consist of one hundred students of 1001 Health, Safety and Environmental Education Students. A total of Fifty persons were selected using split half sampling technique to divide the total population. The instrument used for data collection was a self- structured questionnaire administered by the researcher with the aid of two trained research assistants. The questionnaire was validated by the project supervisor with the aid of two other lecturers in the department of health, safety and environmental education. The internal consistency method- Cronbach Alpha -’ was used to establish the reliability of the questionnaire by splitting the scores of the respondent into two halves and a reliability coefficient value of 0.75 was obtained. A total of Fifty questionnaires were administered to the sample respondents and data collected was analyzed using frequency counts and percentage. The result of this study indicates that the Experimental group have a high knowledge of air pollution than the control control group,and the students under the experimental group also showed positive attitude towards air pollution . Data collected analyze and revealed that the students understand the concept of air pollution and are also aware that air pollution contributes to climate change.This makes it more likely that correct and complete information on air pollution and it's implications on human health would be conveyed to respondents which could lead them to developing positive attitude toward it. Based on these it was recommended that Universities should incorporate sustained PBL activities into their environmental education cumcula.Also Institutions should implement strategies such as incentive programs, peer-led environmental campaigns, and awareness workshops to reinforce positive and cleaner air behaviors among students. Continuous exposure to sustainable practices may help bridge the gap between knowledge and attitude change.

Background: Entrepreneurship has become an essential component of healthcare innovation, offering professionals in technical fields such as radiography opportunities for career advancement and self-reliance. However, many radiographers remain underprepared to explore entrepreneurial ventures due to limited knowledge, poor awareness of support systems, and systemic barriers. Aim: The study aimed to assess the level of knowledge, awareness, and the factors influencing radiographers’ engagement in entrepreneurial ventures in radiography. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was adopted for the study. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered to 31 radiographers in Benin City. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages were used for data analysis, while the Chi-square statistical test was applied to test the hypotheses at a 0.05 level of significance. Results: The findings revealed that most radiographers had a fair level of knowledge about entrepreneurship but showed low awareness of existing support systems and opportunities for business development in radiography. Major barriers identified included lack of startup capital (71.0%), absence of entrepreneurship training in radiography education (80.6%), and bureaucratic licensing procedures (67.7%). The Chi-square analysis further showed a significant relationship between radiographers’ level of knowledge and awareness of entrepreneurial ventures. Conclusion: The study concluded that radiographers possess moderate knowledge but low awareness and limited practical preparedness for entrepreneurship. Financial limitations, inadequate curriculum emphasis, and insufficient mentorship opportunities were key constraints. It was recommended that entrepreneurship modules be incorporated into radiography curricula, with policy support and access to funding programs to promote self-employment among radiographers.

Background: Ophthalmic self-medication, the practice of using drugs without the advice or prescription of a qualified eye care professional. Assessing the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of students regarding ophthalmic self-medication is important in understanding their health-seeking behavior and identifying areas that may require educational or public health attention. Purpose: This study aims to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and practices of ophthalmic self-medication among students of the University of Benin, Edo State, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study will be conducted among undergraduate students of the University of Benin using a structured, self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire will consist of four sections: socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of ophthalmic self-medication, attitudes towards the practice, and reported self-medication behaviors. Data Analysis: Data collected will be coded and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 25.0 by IBM. Descriptive statistics will be used to summarize the data, while inferential statistics such as Chi-square tests will be employed to determine associations between variables such as gender, faculty, and level of study with knowledge, attitude and practice of self-medication. Contribution to Optometry: The findings from this research will provide valuable insights into the extent and determinants of ophthalmic self-medication among university students. It will help guide public health interventions, enhance eye health education, and support evidence-based advocacy to reduce harmful self-medication practices. Furthermore, the study will contribute to improving the role of optometrists in preventive eye care and health promotion among young adults. Keywords: Ophthalmic self-medication, Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, University of Benin, Public Health, Eye Care

Background: Doping, or the use of performance-enhancing substances, threatens fairness and athlete health worldwide. Pharmacists, as medication experts, are well-positioned to prevent both intentional and inadvertent doping by guiding athletes on safe drug, supplement, and herbal use. However, in Nigeria, pharmacists’ involvement remains limited, with gaps in knowledge, training, and policy integration. Understanding their awareness and perceptions can inform strategies to strengthen their role in promoting clean and ethical sports. Objective: This study evaluates community pharmacists’ knowledge and perceptions of anti-doping practices in Benin City, identifying knowledge gaps and exploring influencing factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 169 registered community pharmacists in Benin City, Nigeria, using convenience sampling. Data were collected via a structured self- administered questionnaire covering demographics, knowledge, perceptions, information sources, and barriers related to anti-doping. Responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression to explore associations and significance. Results: All 169 community pharmacists invited participated in the study. Most were male (65.7%), aged between 26 and 35 years (66.9%), held a BPharm degree (67.5%), and had 1–5 years of work
experience (53.3%). The majority occupied senior roles (92.3%). Their anti-doping knowledge was generally fair (53.3%) or poor (42.6%), with noticeable gaps related to beta-blockers, CPD content, and legal aspects. Overall perceptions of their anti-doping role were strongly positive (75.1%). Longer professional experience and higher qualifications were linked to greater role awareness, though knowledge had only a weak influence on perceptions (p = 0.028, R² = 0.028). Conclusion: Community pharmacists demonstrated fair to poor knowledge of anti-doping, yet they held strongly positive attitudes toward their role in prevention. Significant gaps remain in training, access to resources, and procedural awareness. While more experienced and highly qualified pharmacists recognized their responsibilities better, knowledge had minimal impact on attitudes. Focused CPD, integration of WADA resources, and clear professional guidelines are crucial to fully equip pharmacists for doping prevention.

This Study evaluated the assessment on undergraduate Biology Students knowledge on the concept of Plant Nutrition at University of Benin, Two (2) research questions served as it's guidelines, and it used a descriptive survey study design. It sought to find out the level of understanding of undergraduate biology students on the concept of plant nutrient and significantly different by sex. The study employed the descriptive survey random design of Biology students in University of Benin, Edo State and a total of (100) respondents which were collected from Biology department of University of Benin. The researcher developed achievement test questionnaire on "undergraduate Biology Students knowledge on the concept of Plant Nutrition" was used as the data collection tool. There are twenty (20) questions on the achievement test. To analyze the data collected, descriptive statistics such as simple percentage and frequency were used. The study find out that 100-200 level Students have a basic understanding of basic concepts related to plant nutrition but they lacked in-depth comprehension of plant nutrition. 300 and 400 level undergraduate students displayed a deeper comprehension and have more understanding of plant nutrition concept. The findings of the study also reveals that gender can influence educational outcomes in concept of plant nutrient, attitudes towards plant nutrition can also differ by gender, female students expressed greater interest in plant nutrition. It was suggested that the curriculum for 100-200 level students be revised to include more detailed and practical content on plant nutrition. Given that female students showed greater interest in plant nutrition, it is suggested that teaching strategies be tailored to engage both male and female students equally