UNIVERSITY OF BENIN

Background: Ophthalmic self-medication, the practice of using drugs without the advice or prescription of a qualified eye care professional. Assessing the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of students regarding ophthalmic self-medication is important in understanding their health-seeking behavior and identifying areas that may require educational or public health attention. Purpose: This study aims to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and practices of ophthalmic self-medication among students of the University of Benin, Edo State, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study will be conducted among undergraduate students of the University of Benin using a structured, self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire will consist of four sections: socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of ophthalmic self-medication, attitudes towards the practice, and reported self-medication behaviors. Data Analysis: Data collected will be coded and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 25.0 by IBM. Descriptive statistics will be used to summarize the data, while inferential statistics such as Chi-square tests will be employed to determine associations between variables such as gender, faculty, and level of study with knowledge, attitude and practice of self-medication. Contribution to Optometry: The findings from this research will provide valuable insights into the extent and determinants of ophthalmic self-medication among university students. It will help guide public health interventions, enhance eye health education, and support evidence-based advocacy to reduce harmful self-medication practices. Furthermore, the study will contribute to improving the role of optometrists in preventive eye care and health promotion among young adults. Keywords: Ophthalmic self-medication, Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, University of Benin, Public Health, Eye Care

Accurate topographic mapping is vital for effective land-use planning, infrastructure development, and environmental monitoring. The integration of advanced remote sensing techniques, particularly the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), is highly advantageous for creating efficient and precise terrain models. The importance of high-resolution topographic data cannot be overstated, as it is integral to engineering applications and geospatial analysis. This study aims to produce a detailed topographic map of the University of Benin's Ugbowo Campus, located along the Benin-Lagos Expressway in Benin City, Nigeria, utilizing the DJI Phantom 4 RTK drone. The methodology employed key topographic parameters, including elevation, slope, aspect, and terrain variation, to create a high-accuracy Digital Elevation Model (DEM). A UAV was operated at an altitude of 120 meters in a 3D flight mode, capturing high-resolution aerial imagery. To ensure precise geo-referencing of the orthophoto, Real-time Kinematic (RTK) GPS technology was utilized with an RTK-enabled drone, thus eliminating the need for Ground Control Points (GCPs). The acquired imagery was then processed to produce an orthophoto, which served as the basis for deriving the DEM, and contour lines were extracted at 5-meter intervals to illustrate elevation variations. The accuracy of the model was assessed through a positional accuracy analysis, revealing that the generated topographic data achieved a remarkable precision of less than 5 cm. This outcome underscores the high accuracy of UAV-based mapping techniques. The resulting topographic map provides a comprehensive representation of the terrain, facilitating improved decision- making in urban planning, construction, and geospatial analysis. In conclusion, this research showcases the effectiveness of UAV photogrammetry, particularly through the integration of RTK technology, in producing precise topographic maps. It highlights the promise of UAV-based surveys as a cost-effective and efficient alternative to traditional surveying methods, especially in challenging or inaccessible terrain. By achieving exceptional positional accuracy, these techniques not only enhance the quality of the collected data but also significantly contribute to improved decision-making across various domains, including urban planning and construction.

The increasing concern over environmental sustainability has highlighted the need to understand and promote effective recycling behaviors among university students. This study, titled “Factors Influencing Recycling Behavior among Students of the University of Benin (UNIBEN)”, investigated the determinants of recycling practices, with particular attention to the persistent gap between awareness and actual participation despite institutional sustainability initiatives.Anchored in the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), the study examined how attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control influence students’ recycling intentions and actions. The research also explored the role of demographic variables—age, sex, and religious affiliation—in shaping these behaviors. A sample size of 250 students was selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. A descriptive survey research design was adopted, and data were collected through a self- structured questionnaire administered to undergraduate, part-time, and postgraduate students at UNIBEN. Section A captured demographic information, Section B explored factors influencing recycling behavior, and Section C assessed the moderating effect of demographic variables on these behaviors. Hypotheses were tested at a 0.05 significance level. xii Findings revealed that 67.1% of the respondents demonstrated positive recycling behavior and acknowledged some social expectations to participate, their actual engagement was significantly constrained by perceived behavioral control challenges, including limited recycling bins, unclear waste segregation procedures, and irregular collection services while 32.9% exhibited negative or inconsistent recycling behavior. The study shows that while students generally display positive recycling behavior, structural and institutional barriers limit full participation. Recommendations include expanding recycling infrastructure, integrating environmental education into the curriculum, engaging student cultural and religious groups, and establishing a formal campus environmental policy. By implementing these strategies, the University of Benin can transform positive attitudes into meaningful recycling action and serve as a model for sustainable waste management in nigeria

In today's technologically advanced culture, wireless networks are a need and an essential part of daily life. Wireless networks, which are very important and regularly utilised, must provide the necessary performance and be accessible in the necessary locations. Although the performance and reliability of wireless network connection technology has increased since its debut, there is still reliance on wired network services. A wireless network is a computer network that joins network nodes together using radio frequency as the communication channel. Wireless networking is a technique for connecting many wireless devices. The wireless service at the University of Benin (UNIBEN) is utilised as a case study in this research project. The examination and optimization of the institution's network served as the foundation for this study. This examines the structure and operation of wireless networks, as well as assessing the wireless network's network capacity, security vulnerabilities, performance, and other factors. Based on facts and statistics that are subsequently collected in reaching a conclusion on the state of wireless services in the institution, conclusions were reached. The research employs survey and experimental research methodologies. Further testing equipment used to evaluate wireless connection were explored. This research describes approaches for wireless network optimization and troubleshooting.