Facilitators

Background/Aim: Motivational interviewing (MI) is increasingly recognised as a valuable communication approach in healthcare because it addresses key challenges such as patient engagement and sustained behaviour change. Although evidence supports MI as an effective strategy for promoting health behaviour change across conditions such as substance use and medication adherence, its implementation faces several barriers and facilitators that influence uptake and long-term success. This study therefore aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators to MI utilisation among healthcare providers.
Methods: To identify eligible studies, the following electronic databases were used for literature search: EMBASE, MEDLINE via OVID, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), SCOPUS, and Web of Science Core Collections. Furthermore, AJOL, ProQuest thesis and dissertation, Motivational Interviewing Network of Trainers (MINT) website and Google Scholar were also searched for grey literature. The reference lists of included studies were further screened for eligible studies. The inclusion criteria comprised of studies published in English Language, involving all healthcare (physicians, pharmacists, psychologists, nurses, physiotherapists and social workers), articles addressing the barriers and facilitators to the utilisation of MI and in context of healthcare settings. Screening and data extraction were conducted independently by two reviewers, with disagreements resolved with a consensus. Results were summarized using narrative synthesis following PRISMA-Scr framework.
Result: A total of 19 studies including 456 participants were included in this review. Majority of the participants were nurses as 11 out of the 19 studies included nurses as participants. Out of the included studies, 14 were qualitative studies, 1 randomised controlled trial (RCT), 1 mixed methods design, 1 quantitative design, 1 practice change project and 1 descriptive study. The narrative synthesis identified several barriers and facilitators to the use of motivational interviewing (MI). The most common barrier was the lack of time required to deliver MI effectively. Other identified barriers included insufficient provider training, high workload, patient-related challenges, and practitioner-related factors. Key facilitators reported were the availability of training, practice, support, and supervision, effective communication, readiness or tension for change, alignment of MI with existing practices (goodness of fit), and a supportive work environment.
Conclusion: This scoping review highlights key barriers and facilitators to healthcare providers’ use of MI. Barriers include time constraints, inadequate training, and heavy workloads, while facilitators include adequate training, organizational support, supervision, and positive work environments. Addressing these challenges can enhance MI’s effectiveness in improving patient outcomes.
Registration: The review protocol was developed, registered and made publicly available through the Open Science Framework database with the protocol registration link- https://osf.io/5pqh8
Keywords: Motivational interviewing, barriers, facilitators, healthcare providers, scoping review.

Background: Menopause marks a significant transition in women’s lives, often accompanied by physiological, psychological, and social challenges that impact quality of life. Postmenopausal women often struggle to meet recommended physical activity levels due to barriers such as lack of motivation, time constraints, and inadequate facilities. Conversely, facilitators such as social support and health awareness can encourage participation. This study explores the perceived barriers and facilitators of physical activity among postmenopausal women within an academic environment. Aim: This study aims to investigate the perceived barriers and facilitators influencing physical activity participation among postmenopausal women at the University of Benin, Edo State, Nigeria. Method: This cross-sectional study investigated the perceived barriers and facilitators of physical activity among postmenopausal women at the University of Benin, Edo State, Nigeria. Fifty participants were selected using a convenience sampling technique. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires, including the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Menopause-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MENQOL), Physical Activity Barriers Questionnaire (PABQ), and Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale (ESES). Descriptive and inferential statistics were conducted using SPSS, with significance set at p<0.05. Results: Among the respondents, 44% demonstrated high physical activity levels, 38% moderate, and 18% low. The mean self-efficacy, barriers, quality of life, and metabolic equivalent scores were 44.02±9.20, 88.28±18.09, 90.34±7.44, and 2961.93±3730.76, respectively. Spearman’s correlation analysis showed no significant relationships between barriers and physical activity levels (p=0.539) or self-efficacy and activity levels (p=0.105). Additionally, a positive but non- significant relationship was observed between physical activity levels and quality of life (p=0.080). Conclusion: The study concluded that perceived barriers and facilitators had non-significant relationships with physical activity levels and quality of life among postmenopausal women in the University of Benin. While demographic factors such as education and marital status likely mediate these associations, the findings emphasize the complexity of physical activity behaviors in this population. There is a need to address individual and contextual factors to better
understand and promote physical activity