ABSTRACT
The purpose of this project titled “illustrations of measurement while drilling, weight on bit and torque on drilling performance” is to increase drilling efficiency in directional wells, peaks and troughs are characteristic of the nature of the oil and gas industry. With current prices hovering just above $60 per barrel (Bloomberg, 2019), it has never been a better time to increase the efficiency of the drilling process.
This research focuses on the control of surface parameters to understand vibrations in directional wells; this paper discusses actual cases where the use of data from these downhole sensors has improved drilling performance
In conclusion to this research parameters such as WOB and RPM were varied and their effects on depth drilled, response torque, ROP, MSE were studied for vertical well configuration and directional well configurations.

The nutritional composition and phytochemical content of the leaf of Plumbago zeylanica Linn. were investigated using standard analytical methods in order to access the numerous potential of the plant. The qualitative phytochemical screening of aqueous extract of Plumbago zeylanica Linn. leaves revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, eugenols, phenols, and reducing sugars; with saponins being highly present. Glycosides, terpenoids, steroids and tannins were seen to be absent. Variation in this composition was observed in the ethanol extract which showed that glycosides, saponins, phenols, eugenols, terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids and reducing sugars were present in moderation, whereas tannins were seen to be absent. The medicinal value of Plumbago zeylanica Linn. is influenced by the presence and levels of these secondary metabolites. The proximate analysis revealed that Plumbago zeylanica Linn. leaves are rich in carbohydrates (34.990 ± 1.088%), have high content of Ash (8.606 ± 0.73%), crude protein (19.942 ± 0.154%), crude lipids (9.194 ± 0.258%), and crude fibre (27.267 ± 1.62%); but low content of moisture (4.993 ± 0.035%). Vitamin C content was also determined to be 4.724 ± 0.095%. The presence of high carbohydrates, protein, crude lipids and fiber contents of the leaves may be responsible for their nutritive value.

The effect of malaria in our present day society on pregnant women continue to have adverse effect on their health and that of the baby. The study investigated the Knowledge of the effect of malaria on pregnant women among antenatal women in University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH). Benin City, Edo State. A descriptive survey was employed in this study. Four (4) research questions were raised to guide the study. The population of the study comprises of all pregnant women in the University Of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH) with a total population of seventy- six (76), the entire population was used as a sample size. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The questionnaire was validated by the researcher's supervisor and one other expert in the Department of Health Safety and Environmental Education; while the test- re test reliability method was adopted to ascertain the reliability of the instrument. Data collected were analyzed
using mean and standard deviation. findings one revealed the level of knowledge of pregnant women about malaria prevention. Research question two revealed the level of effect of malaria on pregnant women. The knowledge of the effect of malaria helps provide awareness among pregnant, enhance pregnant women health, attitude towards malaria, promote health situations facilitate healthful relationship and enables pregnant women make responsible decisions and concerning the knowledge of the effects of malaria.

In order for Small and Medium-scale Enterprises (SMEs) to achieve their strategic objectives and maintain financial stability, effective budgeting is essential. In the context of SMEs operating in Benin City, Nigeria, this case study investigates the importance of budgeting. This study attempts to emphasize the crucial role budgeting plays in setting clear objectives, managing resources effectively, and ultimately spurring business success by looking at the experiences of several SMEs in the area. To collect information from a varied sample of
SMEs, the study uses both qualitative and quantitative research approaches, including surveys and interviews. It clarifies the difficulties and advantages of budgeting procedures in Benin City's SME sector through thorough examination. The results highlight the crucial significance of budgeting as a foundational skill. A tool for SMEs to overcome financial difficulties, improve financial performance, and realize their long-term objectives. This study also offers helpful advice and suggestions for SMEs in Benin City and beyond, highlighting the importance of strategic budgeting as a cornerstone of long-term company growth.

This study was conducted to examine the development of feed grades (25%, 50%, 70%) using sweet potato (Ipomoea batata L.) leaf meal and tuber peels. The experimental work was carried out in the main laboratory Unit of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Ugbowo, Benin City, Edo State. The feed grades of sweet potato (Ipomoea batata L.) leaf meal and tuber peels include 100% Leaf Meal, 100% Tuber peels, 25% Leaf Meal + 75% Tuber peels, 50% Leaf Meal + 50% Tuber peels and 75% Leaf Meal + 25% Tuber peels. Data collected include proximate and mineral composition and were subjected to statistical analysis using Analysis of Variance ANOVA of GenStat Statistical package and means were separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test of the same GenStat package. Based on the findings in this study, it is evident that the proximate composition of sweet potato (Ipomoea batata L.) leaf meal and tuber peels varies significantly across different grades. The highest dry matter content (89.95%) was observed in the 100 tuber peels grade, the 100% Leaf Meal grade showed the highest (14.96%) crude protein content. Moreover, the 100% Leaf Meal grade also indicate the highest (4.737%) ether extract content, which could contribute to energy density in feed formulations while 100%Leaf Meal grade contained the highest (14.450%) crude fiber content, the ash content was higher (13.163) in leaf meal grades compared to tuber peels, indicating differences in mineral composition. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended to incorporate sweet potato leaf meal and tuber peels in feed formulations, tailored to meet specific dietary requirements. The findings showed that100 Leaf Meal grade consistently gave the highest proximate and
mineral element, 100% Leaf Meal grade is therefore recommended as diet for animal production.

The study delves into the perception, practices, and effects of drug abuse among undergraduate athletes at the Institute of Health Technology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH), Benin City, Nigeria. It highlights the significant issue of drug abuse in sports, especially among undergraduate athletes, exploring its various dimensions including its causes, prevalence, and impacts on athletes’ careers. The research aims to assess athletes' attitudes towards the repercussions of drug abuse, identify prevalent practices, understand the influencing factors, andpropose measures for prevention and control. Employing a descriptive research design, the study utilized structured questionnaires for data collection from a calculated sample size of 51 athletes, based on Taro Yamane’s formula. The data analysis involved both descriptive and inferential statistics, incorporating the Student T-test. Results indicated a general awareness among athletes of the detrimental effects of drug abuse on their careers. It also revealed the existence of drug abuse practices, driven by societal pressures, peer influences, and media portrayal of ideal body standards. However, current efforts to address and combat drug abuse proved insufficient. In conclusion, the study underscores that drug abuse is a pervasive issue among undergraduate athletes, influenced by various factors. Recommendations for tackling this issue include enhancing educational programs, providing counseling services, ensuring professional guidance, initiating awareness campaigns, and enforcing stricter control on drug sales. The study suggests further exploration in areas like longitudinal effects, comparative studies, psychological aspects, and the influence of social media on drug abuse perceptions and behaviors among athletes.

Background;
Neck pain and shoulder pain are common musculoskeletal conditions faced by senior secondary school teachers. There is however limited understanding of the prevalence of neck and shoulder pain and its associated risk factors among senior secondary school teachers therefore relationship between the prevalence of these musculoskeletal disorders and work characteristics, specifically the arm length, board height, and lesson duration needs to be investigated among senior secondary school teachers.
Aims;
The study aims to determine the prevalence of neck, and shoulder pain and associated risk factors among secondary school teachers in Egor local government of Edo state.
Methodology;
This cross-sectional survey was carried out in Egor local government. It involved 150 participants. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Neck and shoulder pain was assessed using the Standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data with a significance level set at p<0.05.and Wilcoxon signed ranked test was done to find the significant difference between the prevalence of neck and shoulder pain at 12 months and 7 days duration
Result;
The findings of the study showed that the 12-month prevalence of neck pain among respondents was 96 (64%), while 60(40%) was observed for shoulder pain. The result also showed that there was a significant difference between 12-month prevalence of neck pain and shoulder pain (Z =-4.500, P = 0.000 ) and no significant difference between 7 days prevalence of neck pain and shoulder pain (Z =-0.469, P = 0.639 ) Similarly, a significant association was also observed between the prevalence of neck pain and shoulder pain at 12months (P <0.05) and a significant association was also observed between the prevalence of neck pain and shoulder pain at 7 days (P <0.05)
Conclusion;
There is a prevalence of neck and shoulder pain among senior secondary school teachers in Egor Local government, Edo state. The 12-month prevalence of neck pain and shoulder pain was the highest followed by the prevalence in 7 days among senior secondary school teachers in Egor Local government, Edo state. The risk factor associated with significant shoulder pain was prolonged teaching hours characterized by writing on the board.

ABSTRACT

The pipelines that transport petroleum products across Nigeria are vital for the country’s economy and energy security. However, they are also exposed to various hazards and risks, such as theft, sabotage, corrosion, impact damage, fire, explosion, and environmental pollution. These risks can cause significant losses of life, property, and revenue, as well as damage the reputation and credibility of the pipeline operators. Therefore, it is essential to conduct a hazard and operability (HAZOP) study and a risk assessment of the pipelines to identify the potential causes and consequences of failure, and to propose appropriate mitigation measures.
A Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) analysis of pipelines is a systematic and structured process used to identify potential hazards, operability issues, and risks associated with the design, operation, and maintenance of pipeline systems.
This report presents the methodology and results of a HAZOP study and a risk assessment of the pipelines across Nigeria. The report also reviews the existing literature on the topic and compares the findings with the data collected around the pipelines observed in around Edo State. The report also went ahead to calculate the third party damage index for some selected pipelines and examines the pipeline right of way conditions in such locations.
The report aims to provide useful information and recommendations for the pipeline, regulators, stakeholders, and researchers who are involved or interested in the safety and reliability of the pipelines across the State.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

In this study, we focused on the design and fabrication of a yam pounding machine that performs the hygienic processing of pounded yam, eliminates the laborious process involved in pounding yam and to minimize the time for processing pounded yam. The machine was fabricated using mild steel, stainless steel, pulleys, belt and shaft. A type A43 belt was used (V-belt), the depth of the bowl is 425mm, length, width and thickness of the beater is 148 x 51 x 16 mm. The diameter of the driving pulley is 70mm and the diameter of the driven pulley is 210mm. The length and breathe of 650mm by 760mm. The result from the testing showed that the yam pounding machine produced a hygienic and well processed pounded yam in a lesser time. It totally eliminated the laborious involved in pounding. The efficiency of the machine was 88.171%N which is fair for a locally fabricated machine. Given that some percentage was lost due to the vibration from the motor.

Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the lungs that causes oxidative stress (Almohawes and Alruhaimi, 2019). Asthma is characterized by airway inflammation, oxidative stress and increased Malondialdehyde level. It doesn’t have a cure cannot be treated but it was discovered that a plamt known as adansonia digitata commonly referred to as African Baobab. The leaves
of this tree serve as a primary source of food and traditional medicine for numerous African populations, and they are consumed either fresh or in a dried form (Besco et al., 2007). The plant have effects on asthma due to its renowned for its pharmacological properties including anti inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. This study aims at providing valuable insights into the therapeutic potential of adansonia digitata in managing asthma by its modulation of Malondialdehyde levels and contribute to supporting the use of natural products for management of asthma.