The study examined the effect of rehabilitation programmes on prison inmates. The main objective of the study is to examine the impact of correction institutions in the rehabilitation of female inmates in Benin City. Simple random sampling technique was used to select a sample of 60 female inmates in both Oko Prison and Benin Prison. It was discovered that the rehabilitation programmes were not very successful due to lack of fund, inadequacy of rehabilitation equipment, lack of trained personnel, lack of manpower and poor management of rehabilitation programmes among others. The findings show that prisons have not successfully achieved their objective according to the Nigerian Prison Act of (2001) which is to reform and rehabilitate offenders to be good and useful citizens. Therefore, rehabilitation programmes in the prisons are not as effective as expected. Based on the findings of the research, it was recommended that the prison authority should provide earning schemes to female inmates to enhance their
effective reintegration and rehabilitation into the society; rehabilitation programmes should not be left in the hands of prison officials alone. Social workers, NGOs and others should be fully involved in rehabilitation of inmates, government should consider a form of compulsory savings scheme for convicts involved in prison work. A matching grant or a percentage of the amount saved should be given to a prisoner when due for release. This will assist in resettlement of the ex-convicts with the skills acquired while in prison amongst other things.

The present study investigated the influence of spent lubricating oil (SLO) and its various fractions
on the Total Antioxidant Potential (TAP), Total Phenolic Content (TPC), and Total Flavonoid
Content (TFC) in Sorghum bicolor. The research aimed to understand the potential ecological and
physiological implications of SLO contamination in agricultural soils. Four extracts were
analyzed: water extract, water insoluble fraction extract, water-soluble fraction extract, and whole
spent lubricating oil extract. Each extract exhibited distinct effects on the biochemical parameters
measured. The results are presented in terms of milligrams of Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE) per
gram for TAP, milligrams of GAE per gram for TPC, and milligrams of Quercetin Equivalent (QE)
per gram for TFC. The water extract displayed a TAP value of 5.00 mg GAE/g, which was
significantly lower than the other extracts, indicating reduced antioxidant potential. In contrast, the
water insoluble fraction extract exhibited the highest TAP value of 15.00 mg GAE/g, suggesting
that this fraction possessed the most potent antioxidant properties. These findings highlight the
varying impacts of SLO and its fractions on TAP, TPC, and TFC in Sorghum bicolor. The
differences in these parameters among the extracts indicate that SLO contamination can have a
multifaceted effect on the antioxidant and phenolic composition of this important agricultural crop.
Understanding these effects is crucial for mitigating the potential harm to both the environment
and human health, and for developing strategies to ensure the sustainability of Sorghum bicolor
cultivation in contaminated soil.

The study was concluded to produced fruit juice and its blend using some Nigeria selected fruits. The fruits were purchased in Edo Street, Ekosodin, Benin City. The fruit juices were produced and analyzed using standard method. From the analysis, it was observed that the pH ranges from 3.30 – 5.80 without pulp and 3.50 – 5.70 with pulp. A reversed case occurred on these samples for titratable acidity with a range of 0.030% - 0.88% without pulp and 0.32% - 1.82%. The pH and titratable falls within acceptable range

Background: Improper disposal of unused and expired medications poses public health and
environmental risks. Medications discarded in household waste or flushed into water systems
contribute to pollution, antimicrobial resistance, and accidental poisonings. This study assesses
awareness and disposal practices among patients at the Consultant Outpatient Department
(COPD) of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH).
Objectives: To evaluate patients’ awareness of proper medication disposal, identify common
disposal practices, and assess associated environmental and public health risks.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured questionnaire
administered to 270 UBTH COPD outpatients. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27,
with descriptive and inferential statistics. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
Results: Among respondents, 185 (68.5%) had unused or expired medications. The majority,
229 (84.8%) disposed of them in household waste bins, while only 8 (3.0%) used take-back
programs. Additionally, 25 (9.3%) flushed medications down the toilet. Although 216 (80.0%)
recognized the risk of accidental ingestion and 172 (63.7%) linked improper disposal to
antimicrobial resistance, only 53 (19.6%) had received proper medicine disposal education. A
significant relationship existed between educational background and awareness (p < 0.05), but
awareness did not always translate to safe practices.
Conclusion: A gap exists between awareness and safe disposal practices. Unsafe disposal
remains prevalent, highlighting the need for public awareness campaigns, regulatory
enforcement, and accessible take-back programs.

In this project work, we look at how the least-square polynomial regression model is used to fit a non-linear relationship between a response variable and an explanatory variable in curve fitting. Finding a mathematical equation or model that best fits a noisy data has experience some drawback in curve fitting. i.e. finding an appropriate fit that best depicts the behaviour of the data. The purpose of this project is to show how the polynomial regression model can be used to show the relationship that exist between two variables; where the linear regression model is inadequate in describing such a relationship. The method of curve fitting used in this study is the least square polynomial regression method. It is designed in a way that, the model parameters are estimated by minimizing the residual term of the polynomial regression model; and then used the model to find the line that best fits the data points of the data set. This method was validated by modelling a data extracted from Nigeria Stock Exchange; and the model was able to predict over 80% of the relationship that existed in the data. It was discovered that the inadequacies of the simple linear regression model in describing the relationship that existed in a data set could be easily tackled by fitting a polynomial regression line. This is done by increasing the power of the independent variable to a higher power until we get a best fit.

ABSTRACT
Transfusion Transmissible Infections (TTIs) pose a significant risk to the safety of blood transfusions and public health. This therefore, underscores the need for stringent blood safety measures to mitigate potential infection transmission risks. The aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence and types of transfusion-transmissible infections among prospective donors in the blood bank of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital. This study utilized a retrospective study design to investigate the seroprevalence of TTIs over a 12-month period. Coordination was established with the blood bank staff and hospital administration to gain access to the required blood bank records. Specific variables were identified for analysis, including donor ID, donation date, and test results for HIV, HBsAg, HCV, and VDRL, and demographic information such as age and gender. During the initial laboratory investigations, Donor samples were subjected to rapid testing kits and the ABBOTT machine was used to re-affirm positive cases. During the 12 month study period from July 2022 to June 2023, a total of 3241 blood donors were registered. Testing showed an infection-positive test of 248, which gives an overall prevalence of 7.65%. The seroprevalence of Transfusion-Transmissible infections were found to be 0.93%, 2.35%, 1.85% and 2.53%, for HIV, HBsAg, HCV and syphilis as respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the trend of donors over the months. Of the 2707 male donors recorded the seroprevalence of HIV, HBsAg, HCV and syphilis were found to be 0.99%, 2.11%, 1.81%, and 2.66% respectively. While 534 female donors recorded, the prevalence of HIV, HBsAg, HCV and syphilis was found to be 0.75%, 3.56%, 2.05%, and 1.87% respectively. Correlation analysis showed no statistically significant association between TTI rates and Gender groups (p>0.05). Correlation Analysis shows a significant association (p = 0.01) between the prevalence of TTI and donor categories considered to be replacement donors and voluntary donors. The findings underscore the importance of continuous vigilance in maintaining blood safety standards and highlight the variable prevalence rates of HIV, HBsAg, HCV, and syphilis among different demographic groups. This study emphasizes the critical role of targeted interventions to mitigate infection transmission, ensuring the safety of the blood supply and the well-being of recipients. Efforts should be continually intensified in ensuring maximum safety of blood for transfusion. This can be achieved by screening, counselling and creating awareness on the need for regular testing of TTIs to reduce transmission among prospective donors

The study examined the problems of teaching Social Studies in junior secondary schools in Oredo LGA, Benin City. The purpose of the study was to determine the methods used in teaching Social Studies in junior secondary schools, the quality of teachers, the factors militating against the successful teaching of Social Studies and the ways of improving it. Four research questions were formulated. However, scope and delimitation of the study covers Social Studies teachers in public schools in Oredo LGA, Edo State.
The research design used was field survey, the population for the study consisted of Social Studies teachers in the study area. A sample size of eighty teachers was randomly drawn from the entire population of the study. The research instrument that was used to collect data was structured questionnaire which undergo face and content validation. Pearson product moment co-relational statistics was used to test the reliability of the instrument and co-efficient of 0.83 was obtained. While the data obtained was analysed with chart and simple percentage.
Findings show that Social Studies teachers usually use lecture method of teaching, that most of the teachers teaching Social Studies are not trained Social Studies teachers rather they are teacher specialized on other subjects. It also reveals that lack of instructional material, inappropriate method of teaching, lack of resource centres in the school environment, lack of seminars and workshop for teachers, inappropriate structuring of Social Studies curriculum are the major problems of teaching Social Studies. It was recommended that government should endeavour to provide the necessary instructional materials and conduct trainings and workshop for teachers at interval in order to mitigate these problems.

The study focuses on the assessment of knowledge of and attitude towards seat belt use among commercial bus drivers in Egor Local Government. The objective of the study was to examine the level of knowledge of commercial bus drivers about the use of seatbelts, determine the attitudes of commercial bus drivers about the use of seatbelts and to find out the behaviors of commercial bus drivers towards the use of seatbelts in Egor LGA in Edo State.Survey research design will be adopted for this study. The population of this study consists of all the commercial bus drivers in Egor LGA of Edo State. The sample of the study comprised two hundred and forty (240) commercial bus drivers; a simple random sampling technique was used to select the respondents for the study. The instrument for the study was a structure questionnaire was used to collect data. The data collected were analyzed, tabulated, interpreted and then discussed. Percentage and frequency were adopted as a method of data analysis. The findings of the study therefore clearly revealed that; the commercial bus drivers know that the use of seatbelt helps to prevent accident on the road, they know that the use of seatbelt helps to reduce the severity of injuries when accident occur, majority of them do not know the right time to fasten seatbelt. Following the findings of the study, the researcher recommends below; the drivers association in Egor LGA and Benin metropolis should begin to find out solutions to causes of accidents and ways to prevent them, the Federal Road Safety Corp should work closely with drivers association, educating them on the need to use seatbelt.

The study investigated audience assessment of the challenges affecting Edo
Broadcasting Service in Edo State. The study became necessary arising from the
fact that Broadcast station has so many challenges that affect them. This study
was anchored on the postulation of social responsibility and libertarian theories. Descriptive survey design was employed with the aid of 11 items questionnaires. The sample size of this study constituted 400 Edo State residents selected
through proportional stratified technique. The sample reflected and represented
Edo state residents. Data obtained were analyzed and presented with the aid of
frequency tables, simple percentages and mean scores. It was discovered that the
average respondent indicated that the EBS suffers human resource deficits, political pressure, poor welfare packages and lack of equipment for broadcasting
in EBS. Also the study found out that that average audience considers the
effectiveness of EBS is being hampered by political interference, welfare
shortfalls, and poor management. Respondents are of the opinion that resolving
the challenges of EBS would require that the Edo state government sells its stake
in the station and government should invest heavily in training the workforce of
EBS. In the light of these observation the study recommends the need for
government to carry out an inventory of the stock of human capital in the EBS.

Fufu is a starchy dish made from ingredients such as cassava, yam, or plantain. Fufu plays a significant role in African cuisine and cultural traditions, often served alongside various soups, stews, and sauces. The aim of this study was to carry out the comparative analysis of the bacterial load associated with dry and wet fufu sold in Benin City. Six (6) different samples were collected from Fag coop supermarket in University of Benin, Benin City. Three dry Fufu samples and three wet Fufu samples were obtained. Serial dilution was carried out using the dilution of 10 3,10 4 and 10
5 for Nutrient agar, Salmonella and Shigella agar (SSA) and De Man, Rugose and Sharpe agar(MRS) agar media were used. The bacterial isolation of fufu samples was carried out on the three agar mediums using the pour plate method. Cultural, morphological and biochemical test were employed for the identification of the isolates. Biochemical tests carried out include urease test, citrate utilization test, hydrogen sulphone test, indole test, oxidase test, catalase test and sugar fermentation test. Using disc diffusion methods, antibiotic susceptibility test was carried out for the bacterial isolates. In this study, species of Corynebacterium, Micrococcus, Bacillus, Salmonella and
Pseudomonas were among the various bacterial genera isolated of which Salmonella is pathogenic. Lactobacillus sp tested Pseudomonas s p tested negative for all sugar fermentation tests whil Bacillus subtitlis and Lactobacillus sp tested positive for all sugar fermentation tests. The antibacterial activity test with Gram negative and Gram positive antibiotic discs as well as chitosan was evaluated. It was observed that chitosan had inhibitory effect on all the microorganisms isolated from the dry and wet fufu samples with zones of inhibition ranging from 6mm (at 25mg/ml) to 48mm (at 100mg/ml). The zone of inhibition for Corynebacteriun sp ranged from 16mm- 36mm. The evaluated antibiotic resistance in the isolated bacteria shows the need for more usage of antibiotic in the industrial production of fufu to help minimize the chances of fufu being contaminated by pathogenic microorganisms The consumption of wet fufu and dry fufu is not advised since Salmonella spp (causative organism of Salmonellosis) was isolated from sample 2 o wet fufu and sample 1 of dried fufu. Proper hygienic practices should be carried out to avoid the
contamination of fufu with pathogenic organisms such as Salmonella spp.