This essay seeks to combat social inequalities through the poetry of Tanure Ojaide and Niyi Osundare through protest, empowerment and mass mobilization. Both poets through their collection of poems express dissatisfaction over the socio economic situation among the rural dwellers which has eaten deep in the rural areas and made unemployment to be hundred percent guarantee and the well being of the people difficult. This essay seek to redress so many issues like embezzling of the public funds, causing social inequalities, lack of infrastructure etc these has been the issues with the rural people for a very long while and it is still very much around us till date. Also corruption is another ill constantly impeding the growth and development in Africa communities. The research method applied in this long essay is a qualitative research method as findings from the studies and other secondary material from dictionaries, journals, internets etc.., indicates that, all Africans are basically facing discriminations as blacks. Also the theoryadopted for this essay is the social inequalities theory

Excessive alcohol intake among university students is a pressing public health concern, with potential implications for both health and academic performance. This study explores the knowledge and associated factors influencing excessive alcohol consumption among undergraduate students in Basic Medical Sciences at a tertiary institution in Benin, Edo State. Key areas of interest include socio-demographic factors, knowledge of alcohol’s effects, behavioral influences, and perceived impact on academic outcomes. A descriptive cross- sectional survey design was employed, utilizing a stratified sampling technique to select a representative sample of 290 students. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0. Analysis included descriptive statistics to summarize demographic characteristics and inferential statistics to identify factors associated with alcohol intake behaviors. The study found that 80.3% of students demonstrated good knowledge of the health effects of excessive alcohol intake, while 19.7% displayed poor knowledge. Major factors associated with excessive intake included peer pressure (mean score 3.1), ease of accessibility on campus (mean score 3.1), and stress (mean score 3.2). A majority (67.2%) reported family alcohol use, suggesting a potential influence on personal consumption behaviors. Perceptions of alcohol's impact on academic performance were mixed, with 51.4% viewing the impact as low and 48.6% as high. Nonetheless, specific items related to academic performance scored consistently high, indicating a recognized negative impact on focus, class attendance, and study outcomes. While students show substantial knowledge of alcohol's risks, factors like peer pressure and stress continue to drive excessive intake. Academic performance is perceived to be impacted by these behaviors, suggesting a need for interventions. Targeted educational programs and mental health resources are recommended to address the knowledge-behavior gap. Strategies should focus on providing stress management support, fostering healthier social norms, and promoting awareness of alcohol's academic consequences. Keywords: Knowledge, Associated factors, Influence Alcohol, intake, Undergraduate students

Air pollution is a growing concern in Nigeria, with significant implications for public health and the environment. This study provides a comparative assessment of air quality in Kano and Bayelsa states from 2019 to 2024 using Sentinel-5P satellite data. The study focuses on key pollutants, including carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), and aerosols, to evaluate spatial and temporal variations in air quality between the most populated (Kano) and least populated (Bayelsa) states in Nigeria. The research utilizes remote sensing techniques, Geographic Information System (GIS) tools, and statistical methods to analyze pollutant concentrations and identify trends over the study period. Results indicate that air pollution levels in Kano are primarily influenced by vehicular emissions, industrial activities, and seasonal dust storms, leading to high NO₂ and aerosol concentrations. In contrast, Bayelsa's air quality is significantly impacted by gas flaring and petroleum-related activities, with elevated CO levels being a major concern. Statistical analysis reveals notable differences in pollutant concentrations between the two states, showing that Kano state consistently has higher Aerosol and NO2 levels than Bayelsa state, and Bayelsa state consistently has higher
CO concentrations than Kano state. These results emphasize the role of population density and industrialization in shaping air quality patterns. The study also highlights the influence of population on air pollution, showing that while high population density in Kano contributes to increased emissions, Bayelsa's lower population does not necessarily translate to better air quality due to intensive industrial activities. These findings emphasize the need for targeted air quality management strategies tailored to the unique pollution sources in each state.
Policies should focus on enhancing emission regulations for industries in Bayelsa and implementing stricter vehicular emission controls in Kano. Expanding air quality monitoring infrastructure and promoting clean energy alternatives are also recommended to mitigate pollution impacts. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of regional air quality variations in Nigeria, providing valuable insights for policymakers and environmental health practitioners.

This work is aimed at investigating the psychological variables affecting the performance of student athletes in sport in the university of Benin. Eight research questions were raised for the study. The descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population of study consisted of 633 student athletes of the University of Benin. The data was collected using simple random sampling technique and a sample size of 127 student athletes from University of Benin. The research instrument used for the study was a self-structured questionnaire. The validity of the instrument was subjected to scrutiny and the test-retest reliability 087 indicating that the instrument was reliable. The data was analyzed using frequency and standard deviation for the analysis of the research questions The results revealed that psychology plays a crucial role in student athletes sporting performance and coping strategies such as positive self-talk confidence, mental vigor and relaxation are known to boost performances.
In conclusion student athletes are attempting to get better in sports performance but the lack of full knowledge on sport psychology and the failure to practice the known coping strategies leads to a decline in their sports performance, they should also train together and work along with their coaches by having a close relationship with them and share experiences with them, all these improve the their mindset and help to improve their performances. Recommendations are made that student athletes should expose themselves to expected stimuli during training in order to enhance their performance and be able to peak in competitions and keeping close to their coaches which help the coach to know when the student athletes are psychologically imbalance.

Breast cancer remains a major public health concern worldwide, with high mortality rates in
low- and middle-income countries like Nigeria due to late-stage diagnosis and limited
awareness. Mammography is a crucial screening tool for early detection, yet its utilization
remains low among Nigerian women. This study assesses the level of awareness of the
importance of mammography screening among female staff at the University of Benin, exploring the relationship between socio-demographic factors and screening uptake. A
descriptive design was employed, utilizing the Health Belief Model as a theoretical
framework. Data were collected from 306 female staff members through a structured
questionnaire adapted from the Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale. The findings reveal
significant gaps in awareness and misconceptions about mammography, with over 50% of
respondents unaware of its purpose. Socio-demographic factors, including age, education, and employment status, were found to influence awareness and utilization. Key barriers
identified include fear of diagnosis, cost, cultural beliefs, and lack of time. The study
highlights the urgent need for targeted educational campaigns and policy interventions to
improve breast cancer screening uptake. These findings contribute valuable insights for
public health strategies aimed at reducing breast cancer mortality among Nigerian women. KEY WORDS: Mammography, Screening, Awareness, Utilization.

ABSTRACT
This study was carried out to determine the extent of newspaper coverage given to alleged financial misappropriation by ex governors. The method adopted for the purpose of this study was the content analysis method. This data was carefully collected from the select newspapers stories published from July to September 2024. A total of 65 editions of the Guardian and Vanguard newspapers were collated and analyzed. The objectives of the study were to examine the frequency; prominence, format and genre given to stories on alleged financial misappropriation by ex governors in the select newspapers so as to measure the extent the print media report alleged financial misappropriation by ex governors cases. To this effect, findings revealed that the select newspapers under study did not give much coverage to alleged financial misappropriation by ex governors. Straight news format took a major lead of the coverage than others. Findings also revealed that enough prominence were not given to the issue by the select newspapers as majority of the stories were reported in the inside pages of the select newspapers hence, the media failed in its agenda setting role of elevating issues in the mind of the public. However, the researcher recommended that newspapers should improve and frequently focus more on the coverage of issues on alleged financial misappropriation by ex governors. This will enable the public know what is happening in the society as the level at which newspaper cover news stories is very low. Detailed account on alleged financial misappropriation by ex governors should be consistently reported by the print media also, Newspapers should give more prominence to issues of alleged financial misappropriation by ex governors using their front pages to place emphasis on the relevance of the issue. This will enable news readers attach corresponding importance to such issues.

The study investigated the use of palm kernel shells and snail shells in the synthesis of a bio-based bifunctional heterogeneous catalyst. Using impregnation methods, palm kernel shells (PKS) biochar was functionalized with calcined snail shell doped with copper sulphate. The catalytic activity of the resulting catalyst was tested through the simultaneous esterification and transesterification of palm kernel oil (PKO). The characteristics of the catalyst were examined using X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The results showed that catalyst formulation with 90wt% CaO catalyst and 10 wt% activated PKS biochar generates the greatest biodiesel yield of 93.2%; this was reached with 3 wt% catalyst loading, 12:1 methanol to PKO molar ratio at 60 C within 1 hour and 30 minutes of reaction time. The bifunctional heterogeneous catalyst is chemically stable and can be reused up to five times, producing 72.6% biodiesel in the final cycles. The results show that the biodiesel produced meets the worldwide standards. The use of waste material to create an effective bifunctional catalyst for biodiesel synthesis from palm kernel oil (PKO) has significant commercialization potential in the future.

This study investigates the incidents and causes of child abuse and negligence of pupils in public
pre-primary schools in Oredo Local Government Area. This was a view to determine incidents and
causes of child abuse and negligence of pupils in public pre-primary schools. Three research questions
were raised. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design. The checklist titled Incidents
and causes of child abuse and negligence of pupils in public pre-primary schools in Oredo LGA” was
used for the study. A total of fifty teachers were randomly drawn from five pre-primary schools. A
checklist was used to collect the data. The data were analysed using Frequency table, simple percentage
rank order. The result from the study revealed that the incidents and causes of child abuse and
negligence of pupils.

The study examined the perception and utilization of the Tertiary Institutions Social Health Insurance Programme (TISHIP) among undergraduate nursing students at the University of Benin, Edo State. The primary objectives were to: assess students’ perceptions of TISHIP, examine the extent to which TISHIP services are utilized, and identify key factors influencing their utilization. To achieve these goals, three research questions were formulated to guide the study. This study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional design, targeting all undergraduate nursing students at the University of Benin. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire, and reliability was confirmed with a Cronbach’s Alpha (α) value of ≥ 0.7. The analysis employed both descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Frequencies, percentages and mean were for data analyis A Chi-Square Test was conducted to test for hypothesis, All statistical tests were carried out at a 95% confidence level (p < 0.05), and results were presented using tables, charts, and graphs as appropriate. The study found that awareness and usage of TISHIP among nursing students at the University of Benin are very low, with 75.5% never having accessed the service. Key barriers include poor service quality, long waiting times, unresponsive staff, lack of drugs, and limited information on accessing services. It is concluded that majority of students reported dissatisfaction with TISHIP, with over 85% expressing negative experiences, revealing deep systemic flaws. There is a critical need for improvements in communication, staff responsiveness, drug supply, and overall service delivery to enhance the programme’s effectiveness.

The Bini people occupies the south/mid-western part of Nigeria now called Edo State. Edo state is the heartbeat of Nigeria and the cultural hub and crossroads of the country. Here a tourist will experience the real excitement of contemporary life and profound sense of history. Edo is predominately homogenous(same kind) and inhabited by the Bini speaking group. Their behavioral pattern is the same as they tend to trace their ancestry to the Benin kingdom.
This study aims at highlighting with thorough description, the cultural practices in Bini tradition, their traditional Rites and their gender differentiation. These traditional rites includes; burial rites, marriage rites ,alongside the various festivals in Bini such as the Igue and New yam festival. In Bini kingdom, gender differentiation is a critical aspect of their day to day life. There are things only women can do and say, and men cannot do or say. Same goes with the men, there are things they are allowed to do and also not allowed to do. In Bini gender differentiation, some of the acts are accepted while some of them are termed "dehumanizing". The present study employed data obtained through personal interviews ( A face to face) discussion, and question and answer segment.