DESIGN

Car park management in Nigeria is largely manual, inefficient, and insecure, often relying on handwritten tickets and rope-operated barriers. These methods, coupled with an unreliable power infrastructure, lead to significant congestion and safety risks. This project addresses these challenges through the design and fabrcation of a cost-effective, solar-powered, automated car park access control system. The system architecture is based on a Master/Slave configuration using two ESP32 microcontrollers that communicate via the ESP-NOW protocol. The Master ESP32 serves as the central "brain," handling RFID authentication and image capture via an ESP32 camera. Upon an access attempt, the system immediately captures the driver's image and validates the RFID tag against a local database stored on an SD card. This process creates a secure visual audit trail by logging all attempts (granted or denied) with a timestamp and the corresponding image. The Slave ESP32 manages the physical "muscle", controlling the barrier's geared motor and monitoring an ultrasonic sensor for vehicle safety

Incubation systems are essential tools in modern poultry farming, requiring a stable and consistent thermal environment for successful hatching. One of the major challenges limiting the application and efficacy of conventional electric incubators in remote or rural areas is their high energy consumption and reliance on an unstable power supply. This study is centered on investigating the design, fabrication, and performance of a solar-powered egg incubator as a sustainable and reliable alternative to improve poultry productivity in areas with unreliable electricity access. The equipment used for fabrication includes various thermal and electronic components such as PV solar panels, a charge controller, a DC heating element, and temperature and humidity sensors. The incubator prototype was constructed using insulating materials(wood) to minimize heat loss. The system was tested by monitoring and controlling critical incubation parameters, including temperature regulation using a microcontroller and relative humidity. Performance tests were carried out over a standard 21-day incubation period using a batch of fertile chicken eggs, and the resulting data was analyzed and compared against standard industry hatching rates. From the results obtained in this study and the analysis of the performance tests, the solar- powered incubator successfully maintained the desired temperature range of 37.5⁰C to 38⁰C throughout the testing period, demonstrating high thermal stability. The system attained the requirements for a functional incubator, and the average for commercially available electric incubators. Furthermore, the solar-powered incubator system demonstrated a significant reduction in recurring electricity consumption compared to electric models, confirming its viability as an efficient and sustainable solution for poultry farmers.

The purpose of this research is to have an affordable and clean energy supply in our household. Inadequate power supply in Nigeria has been a major challenge bedeviling our institutions. Some areas connected to the distribution companies (DISCOs) have what is referred to as a regimented load shedding where power supply may range from 6.00 to 12.00 hrs within 24 hrs. Homes and offices have resolved to sourcing for alternative power supply such as generator plants, solar PVs, inverters, etc. Thus, the 2.5KVA inverter system was proposed to serve as a backup once there is power outage from the DISCOs. An inverter system enables the conversion of direct current (DC) from batteries to alternating current (AC) needed to run the office appliances at a minimal cost and optimal efficiency. The project focuses on the design and construction of a pure sine wave 2.5KVA 50Hz inverter system to deliver 220V AC using 2 Nos 12V DC batteries (rated 200A) connected in series.

The increasing demand for sustainable food production and environmental conservation has necessitated the development of eco-friendly agricultural structures. This study focuses on the design and construction of an eco-friendly minimizing ecological impact. The project integrates locally available and biodegradable materials such as bamboo, palm fronds, and recycled mesh to
create a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable housing system. The screen house was designed to provide an ideal microclimate—maintaining adequate humidity, temperature, and ventilation—to enhance the growth, breeding, and survival rates of Achatina species. Solar-powered lighting and a rainwater harvesting system were incorporated to reduce energy consumption and promote resource efficiency. Performance evaluation of the structure showed improved snail growth rate, reduced mortality, and minimal pest invasion compared to conventional open systems. The results demonstrate that eco-friendly screen houses offer a production. practical, low-cost, and sustainable solution for small- and medium-scale snail farmers, aligning with global efforts toward green agricultural innovations and climate-smart animal

The rapid expansion of fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks demands antenna arrays with wide bandwidth, high gain, and efficient beamforming capabilities to facilitate ultra-high-definition video streaming, extensive Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity, and communications with minimal latency. Nevertheless, traditional microstrip patch antennas continue to face fundamental challen0ges, including limited bandwidth, strong mutual coupling in array configurations, and reduced radiation efficiency caused by dielectric and surface wave losses. These challenges hinder their suitability for high-performance 5G applications. This project presents the design and simulation of a 4×4 microstrip patch antenna array optimized for sub-6GHz 5G applications. The Rogers 4350B substrate is utilized because of its low-loss characteristics and stable dielectric properties. To improve performance, U-shaped slots are added to the radiating elements, and a Defected Ground Structure (DGS) is incorporated into the ground plane. The design, analysis, and optimization of the antenna are carried out using ANSYS HFSS, focusing on achieving wide impedance bandwidth, high gain, and improved inter-element isolation without physical fabrication. The selection of materials, substrate parameters, and design dimensions are carefully chosen to facilitate future fabrication and experimental validation. Simulation results show that the proposed antenna achieves a gain of 10.64dB, a bandwidth of 180MHz, radiation efficiency of 72.3%, and a return loss (S11) of –19.96dB at 3.5GHz. In comparison, the conventional 4×4 array of the same dimensions without slots and DGS recorded a gain of 10.31dB, no substantial bandwidth as the return loss at the resonance frequency, 3.5GHz, is above the -10dB line, efficiency of 64.39%. The observed improvements are primarily attributed to the DGS, which effectively suppresses surface waves, minimizes mutual coupling, and enhances current distribution uniformity across the array. Overall, the optimized DGS-based antenna demonstrates superior performance in terms of gain, bandwidth, and element isolation, making it a strong candidate for compact and efficient sub-6GHz 5G base station and user terminal applications. The findings of this study provide a useful framework for further research and practical realization of high-performance antenna arrays for next-generation wireless communication systems.

The rapid expansion of fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks demands antenna arrays with wide bandwidth, high gain, and efficient beamforming capabilities to facilitate ultra-high-definition video streaming, extensive Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity, and communications with minimal latency. Nevertheless, traditional microstrip patch antennas continue to face fundamental challen0ges, including limited bandwidth, strong mutual coupling in array configurations, and reduced radiation efficiency caused by dielectric and surface wave losses. These challenges hinder their suitability for high-performance 5G applications. This project presents the design and simulation of a 4×4 microstrip patch antenna array optimized for sub-6GHz 5G applications. The Rogers 4350B substrate is utilized because of its low-loss characteristics and stable dielectric properties. To improve performance, U-shaped slots are added to the radiating elements, and a Defected Ground Structure (DGS) is incorporated into the ground plane. The design, analysis, and optimization of the antenna are carried out using ANSYS HFSS, focusing on achieving wide impedance bandwidth, high gain, and improved inter-element isolation without physical fabrication. The selection of materials, substrate parameters, and design dimensions are carefully chosen to facilitate future fabrication and experimental validation. Simulation results show that the proposed antenna achieves a gain of 10.64dB, a bandwidth of 180MHz, radiation efficiency of 72.3%, and a return loss (S11) of –19.96dB at 3.5GHz. In comparison, the conventional 4×4 array of the same dimensions without slots and DGS recorded a gain of 10.31dB, no substantial bandwidth as the return loss at the resonance frequency, 3.5GHz, is above the -10dB line, efficiency of 64.39%. The observed improvements are primarily attributed to the DGS, which effectively suppresses surface waves, minimizes mutual coupling, and enhances current distribution uniformity across the array. Overall, the optimized DGS-based antenna demonstrates superior performance in terms of gain, bandwidth, and element isolation, making it a strong candidate for compact and efficient sub-6GHz 5G base station and user terminal applications. The findings of this study provide a useful framework for further research and practical realization of high-performance antenna arrays for next-generation wireless communication systems.

Biogas presents a clean, renewable alternative to fossil fuels, capable of turning organic waste into a valuable energy source. However, the widespread adoption of traditional household digesters is hindered by a critical operational inefficiency: most systems operate in batches, requiring a prolonged downtime of up to 21 days for decomposition and reloading. This cycle makes them an unreliable and unsustainable energy source for daily use. This project addresses this core problem by aiming to design, fabricate, and test a mechanically optimized, easily refillable biogas digester that enables a truly continuous production system, thereby eliminating batch-processing delays. The methodology followed a systematic engineering design process, beginning with a feasibility study and the development of four distinct conceptual designs. A comprehensive conceptual design analysis, utilizing a weighted decision matrix, was carried out to evaluate these concepts against critical attributes like durability, safety, and ease of fabrication. The superior concept was selected for its robust continuous operation capability. This was followed by a detailed design analysis of the chosen concept, specifying all components, materials, and dimensions for a durable, vertical, cylindrical stainless-steel vessel. The design's key innovation is a dual-port feeding mechanism, featuring a top port for initial charging and a side-mounted manual rotary pump for continuous feeding. This design was then successfully fabricated to meet all intended specifications. Following fabrication, a hydrostatic test was successfully performed on the canister to verify its structural integrity and confirm it was completely sealed and leak-proof. With the vessel's integrity validated, the biological testing phase was initiated. The digester was charged with a buffered cow dung slurry feedstock to begin the anaerobic digestion process. The system is currently under critical observation, with the pressure gauge being continually monitored for positive readings, which indicate the successful onset of gas production within the sealed canister and validate the design as a practical, sustainable alternative.

The project involved detailed load analysis, component selection, and system configuration. The final design ensures a stable power supply with provisions for future scalability. This work demonstrates the practical application of electrical/electronic engineering principles in solving
real-world energy challenges and contributes toward the goal of sustainable development. In this project, the design of a 300kW stand-alone power system for the faculty of Engineering, implementation of a 10kW inverter/battery system for the Dean’s office, LT1, LT2, LT3, LT4 and the faculty board room was carried out.

This research project provides a solution which would help enable the ease of navigating through a new campus environment as every year there are new students in every university. In this study, I highlighted the importance of the campus navigation system using University Of Benin, ugbowo, as a case study. Agile methodology was adopted for this project, and a few data collection method was adopted. This study evolved into a feasible navigation system, which would help ease the confusion that comes with entering a new university campus

The primary pursuit of this project was to determine the response of a manufactured sub frequency amplification loudspeaker system capable of amplifying frequencies between 45 Hz through 125 Hz. Secondly, a 2000 W class AB power amplifier was also designed and manufactured to specifically power this loudspeaker design. Finally, using transfer function measurements, the critical identification and analysis of the character of the output wave forms in diverse listening spaces was done. This project was carried out using a low frequency transducer/driver of size 18 inches, made of Neodymium permanent magnet, a copper voice coil of 4-inches, and a diaphragm made of sturdy paper film. This driver/transducer is tightly suspended within a casket which comprises of a robust acoustic (wooden) compartment made of birch plywood of thickness 4 millimeters(4mm), with an internal rigid structure, critically designed in a bandpass configuration for maximum acoustic power output within which the transducer is
immersed/suspended and made to resonate. The CLASS AB power amplification system was specifically manufactured using bipolar junction transistors, give a maximum output power of 2000 W. This was chosen since an efficiency of about 75% can be gotten. In order for the frequency/amplitude response to be got, we used several third-party measurement softwares to determine and analyze various response traces using sweeps and test signals in various listening spaces. The third party software include: RATIONAL ACOUSTICS SMAART V8, ROOM EQ WIZARD(REW), DECIBEL-X. And finally, for the determination of the dispersion(horizontal and vertical) characteristics, the acoustic behavior of our wave fronts and the simulation of our response respectively was predicted using: EASE FOCUS 3 and MEYER SOUND SIM