DESIGN

**Abstract** The manual calculation of Grade Point Average (GPA) and Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) is often time-consuming, prone to computational errors, and may lead to inaccurate academic records. This project, titled **"Design and Implementation of a CGPA/GPA Calculator,"** was undertaken to develop a computerized system that automates the computation of students' academic performance with improved accuracy, speed, and reliability. The system was designed to calculate semester GPA and cumulative CGPA based on approved grading policies, taking into account course credit units, grades obtained, quality points, and cumulative academic records. The development of the application followed the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC), which included requirements analysis, system design, implementation, testing, and evaluation. The system was developed using appropriate programming tools and technologies, with a user-friendly interface that allows users to input course details, credit units, and grades, after which the application automatically computes the corresponding GPA and CGPA. The calculator also provides features for validating user input, minimizing calculation errors, and displaying results in an easily understandable format. System testing was carried out using various datasets to evaluate the accuracy, efficiency, and reliability of the application. The results showed that the developed system accurately computed GPA and CGPA values within a short processing time while eliminating the errors commonly associated with manual calculations. Furthermore, the application enhanced record management, improved user convenience, and provided a dependable tool for students and academic institutions to monitor academic performance. The study concludes that the implementation of a CGPA/GPA Calculator significantly improves the efficiency and accuracy of academic result computation. It is therefore recommended that educational institutions adopt automated GPA/CGPA calculation systems to reduce computational errors, improve transparency, and facilitate effective academic performance monitoring.

This project proposes the design and implementation of a smart meter management system. The system will focus on electricity metering and leverage smart meter technology to collect realtime consumption data. Improvements in metering infrastructure are required due to the growing need for better customer service and energy efficiency. The “Design and Implementation of Smart Meter Management System” project aims to create an efficient and intelligent system for managing energy consumption using smart meters. Smart meters, equipped with advanced sensors and communication modules, enable real-time data collection and bidirectional communication between utility providers and consumers. This smart meter management system has the potential to revolutionize energy management by providing valuable insights into consumption patterns, enabling optimized billing practices, and empowering consumers to make informed choices about their energy use. The system will gather, analyze, and manage smart meter data to improve energy usage monitoring, billing accuracy, and resource optimization.

The rising demand for reliable electricity in regions with unstable grid power necessitates the adoption of renewable energy solutions. This project focuses on the design and construction of a 5 kVA, 48 V solar inverter system, capable of integrating solar, battery, and grid power sources for consistent and uninterrupted energy supply to domestic and small office loads. The system integrates solar photovoltaic panels, a battery bank, an MPPT charge controller, and a pure sine wave inverter. It also covers system design, component selection, fabrication, installation, and performance evaluation, with considerations for efficiency, safety, reliability, and cost effectiveness. Experimental testing involved load consumption analysis, continuity and polarity tests, inverter performance evaluation, battery charge–discharge assessment, and protective device verification. The inverter demonstrated a stable AC output voltage of 230 V ± 5 V, frequency of 50 Hz ± 1 Hz, system efficiency of approximately 89.5%, and a Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of less than 3%. Protective features such as overload, short circuit, reverse polarity, and thermal protection were verified to function effectively. Cost analysis indicated that the local construction of the system is more affordable than imported equivalents, while environmental evaluation highlighted reduced carbon emissions and promotion of clean energy access. The project underscores the feasibility, scalability, and socio economic benefits of solar PV systems, offering a practical framework for renewable energy adoption in rural and semi urban areas.

The unending evolution of technology has led to the innovations in everyday facilities, and restroom infrastructure isn’t left out. This project focuses on the DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN AUTOMATED TOILET for the Mechanical Engineering Department of the University of Benin. This automated toilet integrates automation, hygiene, and efficiency-enhancing features to improve user experience, environmental sustainability, and operational convenience. The system incorporates a limit switch which sends signal to the modified autoflush device whenever a user opens the door, contactless flushing, odor detection, water efficiency mechanisms, enhanced hygiene protocols and a automated lock which incorporates both biometrics and a card reader to enforce access control. The design process involved conceptualization, material selection, fabrication, and performance testing. All ensuring optimal functionality in the university environment. The Testing results indicated that the automated toilet performed efficiently, with responsive automation and reliable hygiene features being implemented to foster a contactless user experience. The implementation of this system demonstrates the potential of automated restroom solutions in the enhancement of sanitation, water wastage, while also providing a modern, user-friendly facility. Some future improvements could include ultrasonic sensors for higher precision, improved water conservation strategies, and also more compact design elements. This project highlights the role of automated technology and modification in modern sanitation and its potential for broader applications in both public and private facilities.

This project focuses on the design and fabrication of a hybrid (solar–electric) dryer for agricultural materials. The aim is to develop a low-cost and efficient drying system that utilizes both solar and electrical energy to ensure continuous operation under varying weather conditions. The dryer was designed with major components, including a solar collector, drying chamber, heating element, and forced draft fan powered by both photovoltaic and electrical sources. Locally available materials such as sheet metal, glass, insulation, and mild steel were used in the fabrication process to promote affordability and sustainability. Performance tests were carried out using cassava chips as the sample material, and relevant parameters such as temperature variation, drying time, and moisture reduction were recorded. Results showed that the hybrid dryer achieved faster and more uniform drying compared to traditional open-sun drying. The system proved reliable, environmentally friendly, and capable of maintaining operation during periods of low sunlight. This innovation demonstrates a practical approach to reducing post-harvest losses and improving the preservation of agricultural produce in regions with inconsistent power supply.

This study proposes the design and implementation of an intelligent chatbot system for the Department of Computer Science, University of Benin, to improve communication between students and departmental administration. Currently, information such as registration deadlines, exam timetables, and announcements is shared through traditional means like notice boards and emails, which often cause delays and inefficiencies. The proposed chatbot, built using Google Dialogflow (NLP) and a PHP-based backend, will provide real-time, accurate responses to student queries through a responsive web interface. System development will include requirement gathering, chatbot design, and integration with a structured knowledge base. Evaluation will focus on response accuracy, usability, and user satisfaction. Expected outcomes include reduced administrative workload, faster and more consistent information dissemination, and improved student experience. The study also aims to offer a scalable framework for applying AI-powered communication tools in other university departments across Nigeria.

This project presents the design, material selection, fabrication, and performance testing of a diesel-powered vertical palm fruit digester aimed at supporting small- and medium-scale producers. The design offers a practical, affordable, and locally adaptable solution to enhance palm oil production in underserved regions. The machine achieved a digestion efficiency of 95.5% during performance testing, indicating its capability to effectively separate the mesocarp from the kernel

This project title is written to help hospitals especially in the areas they encounter problems in keeping their attendance scheme for patient and the solution given to tackle problem such as transforming the existing manual attendance scheme for patients system in which the existing problems involved at the time was laziness of the Doctors to work, misplacement of files, excessive loitering around of patient for their files and loitering of paper in the office. This software reports on our pilot evaluation of AN ELECTRONIC PATIENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM and their Doctors. The aim is to improve the quality of care to patient and the information about them, as indicated by an improvement in the effectiveness and efficiency of care and in an increase in patient’s satisfaction. This study makes clear that a thorough exploration of users needs before building the system, using qualitative research methods may be crucial because it can prevent data mismatch and maximize the chance that the eventual management system meets its most important aim: to enhance patient’s empowerment and improve the quality of care services. In order to handle this, I decided to introduce a new Electronic Patient Management System for patients. The project dwells more on Computer duty schedule. This is implemented with Visual Basic programming 6.0 language and Microsoft Access for effective information keeping.

Child abuse remains a critical social issue that requires efficient data management and intervention. Traditional paper-based or fragmented digital systems used in child abuse case management often lead to delays, data loss, security risks, and poor interagency collaboration. This project focuses on the design and implementation of a computerized child abuse database management system to enhance the efficiency of case handling, improve data security, and facilitate real-time reporting. The system is designed to store, retrieve, and track child abuse cases, ensuring that relevant authorities—such as law enforcement, child protection agencies, social workers, and medical professionals—have secure and timely access to case information. Key features include a centralized database, role-based access control, automated case tracking, and real-time reporting tools. The system is developed using modern web technologies, including React.js for the frontend, Node.js for backend processing, PostgreSQL for data storage, and AWS for cloud deployment. Security measures such as data encryption and multi-factor authentication ensure the confidentiality of sensitive case details. By automating case management, offender tracking, and interagency communication, this system aims to streamline the reporting and investigation processes, leading to faster response times and better child protection outcomes. Additionally, the database provides statistical insights for policymakers to identify trends and develop preventive strategies. This project demonstrates how technology can be leveraged to improve child protection efforts, ensuring that cases are efficiently managed and victims receive timely intervention.

The conventional manual method to taking record of examination attendance in academic institutions like the University of Benin (UNIBEN) has some issues like impersonation, human error, and manipulation. The Examination Guard Terminal (EGT), which is biometric-based, was developed to solve the problems of the traditional approach to recording examination attendance. The methodology was used to establish the functional requirements of the EGT. The EGT was to be portable, enable real-time fingerprint verification, and enable recording of attendance. The hardware components was selected based on its performance, cost, and availability. The ESP32 DevKit-C microcontroller was selected because of its dual-core processor and Wi-Fi capabilities. The AS608 Optical Fingerprint Module was selected because of its fast reaction time and easy use. The 2.8-inch TFT LCD was selected because of its clear display. Conceptual and detailed design for the circuits was developed, making use of the UART protocol for the fingerprint sensor and the SPI protocol for the display and data logging for the SD card. The software that was used for the project was based on the Arduino platform and consist of two modes for efficient functionality: one for Enrollment (Access Point Captive Mode) and another for Verification (Wi-Fi Mode). Testing and analysis for efficiency were done in a simulated examination environment with 30 students. This helped in understanding the efficiency of the prototype. The project showed high efficiency in terms of average student verification in 2.44 seconds. Most importantly, the project showed a Zero False Acceptance Rate (FAR) and Zero False Rejection Rate (FRR), which confirms the EGT's basic reliability and accuracy in terms of identity verification. In conclusion, the project successfully developed a functional prototype for the Examination Guard Terminal. Recommendations for further improvement: Upgrading the system to a multi-biometric system and using a faster processor like Raspberry Pi 5.to enhance speed and security further.