NIL

The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of cultism on the academic performance of students in the University of Benin. The researcher gathered the primary data through the distribution of questionnaire. A total of 100 respondents were analyzed. The scope of the study for this work was based on the University of Benin. The result of the findings shows that students academic are highly affected by cultism. It was strongly recommended that students engagement in positive activities should be promoted as many students join cults because of peer pressure, boredom, or the search for belonging. Stronger Orientation and Awareness Programs should be introduced. Parental and Community should take an active role in monitoring and guiding their children’s academic and social lives. Strict Disciplinary Measures should be enforced and The government should introduce policies that provide continuous support for the fight against cultism

The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) aims to enhance economic integration and intra-African trade by removing barriers to the free movement of people, services, and goods. However, the fact that there are still armed conflicts in various regions of the continent poses a serious threat to the success and achievement of this regional trade regime. This essay examines the impact of armed conflict on regional integration of trade in Africa, focusing on legal and pragmatic inconsistencies between AfCFTA and International Humanitarian Law (IHL) rules. The essay examines how conflicts impact trade corridors, infrastructure, and markets, thereby undermining the objectives of the AfCFTA. It also explores whether and how the legal orders governing trade and war (i.e., the AfCFTA Agreement and IHL treaties such as the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and Additional Protocols of 1977) interact, intersect, or conflict in practice. The essay considers the state and non-state parties' obligations under the law of hostilities, notably on the protection of civilian infrastructure related to trade and humanitarian protection.

Nollywood, the Nigerian film industry, has grown to become the second-largest film industry in the world in terms of volume, producing thousands of movies annually and distributing them across Africa and beyond. Its rapid expansion, since the 1990s, has transformed it into a cultural powerhouse, contributing not only to the Nigerian economy but also to the global perception of Nigeria. This transformation has sparked significant interest in Nollywood’s potential as an instrument of cultural diplomacy, whereby films act as tools for communicating national values, traditions, and identity to international audiences¹. The concept of cultural diplomacy involves the strategic use of a nation’s cultural assets to promote mutual understanding, enhance its image, and strengthen diplomatic relations with other countries. Historically, nations have deployed art, music, literature, and cinema as tools to achieve soft power objectives. In Nigeria’s case, Nollywood represents a powerful cultural export capable of influencing international opinion and projecting a positive image of the country. By depicting everyday life, cultural traditions, and societal challenges, Nollywood offers global audiences nuanced insights into Nigerian society²

This study examines the impact of digital marketing on consumer buying behavior of food delivery services among University of Benin students. The study adopted quantitative research design as its methodology. A sample size of 300 students was surveyed using a structured questionnaire, and the collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis. The findings reveal that social media advertisements (B = 0.242, p = 0.001) and email marketing campaigns (B = 0.295, p = 0.000) significantly influence students’ awareness and adoption of food delivery services. However, mobile marketing strategies (B = 0.023, p = 0.730) and search engine optimization (B = 0.016, p = 0.823) did not have a significant impact on purchase decisions. These results suggest that social media and email marketing are the most effective digital marketing tools for engaging university students in the food delivery sector. Based on these findings, it is recommended that businesses prioritize social media and email marketing strategies by leveraging personalized promotions, influencer collaborations, and visually engaging content to drive consumer engagement. Additionally, food delivery services should refine their mobile marketing approach by offering tailored in-app rewards and optimizing notification relevance to improve responsiveness.

This study was carried out to critically evaluate “Police brutality and the issue of Endsars Protest. The case of Edo State. pecifically, the study investigated the issues and various events that led to the Endsars protest and how the Endsars protest started and ended. Also, the study carefully looked at both the positive and negative effects of the Protest, how youth from various parts of Edo state came out to pour out how they felt about the situation which later was hijacked by thugs. The study employed the survey research design. Questionnaire was used for data collection which was raised against five scale of Strongly Agree (SA), Agree (A), Undecided (U), Strongly Disagree (SD), Disagree (D), and was analyzed using the frequency tables and simple percentage method. A total of 130 respondents were conveniently selected as sample size comprising of Students in the University of Benin, drivers and youth outside of the great University of Benin also. Out of the 130 respondents, 100 responses were received and validated from the survey, because some of the respondents did not submit the questionnaire. The survey adopted the Uses and gratification theory (UGT). From the responses obtained and analyzed, the findings revealed that the Endsars Protest really occurred in Edo State, it’s massive effects on citizens of Edo state and effects also on businesses within the State. Furthermore, there is a significant relationship between police brutality and endsars protest. Demands were made by the protesters, popularly referred to as the big five demands. On the basis of these findings, it was recommended that in order to prevent another Endsars rotest, increment in salaries, discipline and fight against corruption were the recommendations to prevent another Endsars rotest in Edo state and Nigeria as a whole.

The study aimed at investigating the revitalization of the endangered Urhobo language. The goals of the study are to develop a comprehensive revitalization plan for the Urhobo language and to preserve and promote Urhobo cultural identity. This study is motivated by a desire to preserve the indigenous Urhobo language and explore the sociolinguistic phenomena of language shift, endangerment, and revitalization. The data for the study was gathered through responses to a questionnaire conducted with 50 native speakers of the Urhobo language. For demographic information, the respondants were categorized into various age groups, gender and educational level. The data were analyzed using the Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale (GIDS) framework. The findings of the study are that the Urhobo language is not well-represented in formal domains such as education,
government, and media and that data from Stages 5 and 6 indicate that while some families encourage children to learn Urhobo, the frequency of use within homes is declining. The study recommends that language immersion programs are to be implemented to enable children to learn the Urhobo language in a natural environment and implementation of community-based language initiatives is required to preserve the endangered Urhobo language.

This study investigates the knowledge and practices related to graceful aging among undergraduates at the University of Benin, Edo State, Nigeria. Two research questions were raised to guide the study and two hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance The study uses a descriptive survey research design, with a sample of 100 students selected through stratified random sampling from five faculties. The research instrument is a structured questionnaire designed to assess students' knowledge of graceful aging practices and their engagement in such practices. Findings reveal that while most students are aware of the factors that contribute to graceful aging, such as regular physical exercise, balanced nutrition, and stress management, there are gaps in their practical engagement with these behaviors. Only a small percentage of students engage consistently in practices such as maintaining a balanced diet, managing stress, and getting adequate sleep. The study concludes that while awareness of graceful aging is high among university students, there is a need for targeted educational interventions to bridge the gap between knowledge and actual practices

The study was carried out to investigate strategies for improving mathematics learning in Oredo local Government area of Edo state. To achieve this study, fifteen (15) schools were randomly selected within Oredo local Government Area. A total of ninety respondents were used. To achieve the fundamental purpose of this research and to ensure easy collection of data, Five (5) research questions were formulated. The research instrument employed for the study was questionnaire. Data collected were subjected to analysis using the simple percentage. The findings revealed that qualification of teachers affects students learning, there is need for in-service training for mathematics teachers. The findings also revealed that the use instructional materials will help to improve the study of mathematics and when teachers are well motivated it promotes effectiveness in the classroom. The research recommended that mathematics teachers should re-examine their teaching methods to include less lecture method and more student directed activities which involves the use of mathematical laboratory, government should provide instructional materials to help increase the learning of mathematics and the Federal ministry of education, state ministry of education and national mathematical center in Nigeria should provide special in service programmes for mathematics teachers.

This study was carried out to determine the influence of technical teacher training on the competencies teachers posses in teaching basic technology in Edo state. Five research questions were raised to guide the study and four null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 significant level for the study. Descriptive survey research design was used for the study. The population of the study was 400 basic technology teachers of Oredo local government area of Edo State. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 100 respondents for the sample. The instrument used was a structured questionnaire. The instrument was validated by three experts. Pearson’s Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMCC) was used to compute reliability of the instrument which gave a correlation coefficient of 0.72. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation and t-test was used to test the hypotheses. The result of the analysis shows that for a basic technology teacher to be considered competent such teacher must have, gone through teacher training, good knowledge of subject matter, proper usage of instructional aid and methods, good classroom and laboratory management skills and proper evaluation techniques. The t-test analysis showed that the four groups of teachers (male & female, rural & urban, experienced & inexperienced and public and private secondary school) did not differ significantly in their rating on the variables that is important for effective teaching of basic technology by teachers. It was recommended among others that Edo state Ministry of education should employ only qualified and trained technical teachers for basic technology, and the state government must also enforce the same strategies in the private sector. The performance of basic technology students is directly influenced by the qualification and quality of the teacher taking the subject.

Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are leading global health concerns with increasing prevalence and significant morbidity. The comorbidity of these conditions exacerbates complications, necessitating novel therapeutic interventions. Simarouba glauca, a medicinal plant with reported antihypertensive and antidiabetic properties, was investigated for its potential ameliorative effects on these conditions. This study assessed the comparative effects of hydro-methanol and acetone extracts of Simarouba glauca on gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity in L- NAME/streptozotocin-induced hypertensive/diabetic male Wistar rats. Fifty-two male Wistar rats were divided into eight groups, including normotensive/non-diabetic controls, hypertensive/diabetic controls, and treatment groups receiving either hydro-methanol or acetone extracts at 50 mg/kg body weight. Hypertension and diabetes were induced using L- NAME (40 mg/kg) and streptozotocin (50 mg/kg), respectively. Plasma and liver GGT activity were measured spectrophotometrically after a 28-day treatment period. The hypertensive/diabetic control group exhibited significantly elevated liver GGT activity (14.282 ± 3.828 U/L) compared to normotensive/non-diabetic controls (4.632 ± 0.00 U/L), indicating hepatic stress. The hydro-methanol extract resulted in a two-fold increase in plasma GGT (4.632 ± 0.00 U/L), while the acetone extract caused a more modest rise (2.6055 ± 0.500
U/L). The acetone extract demonstrated a hepatoprotective effect, reducing liver GGT activity to 11.895 ± 1.799 U/L, whereas the hydro-methanol extract did not significantly ameliorate hepatic
stress.