ROLE

This study examined the role of social engineering in campus-based cybercrimes, focusing on Nigerian tertiary institutions with the University of Benin as case study. Social engineering continues to thrive in academic environments due to trust-based communication systems and increasing reliance on digital platforms for academic, financial, and social interactions. A mixed-method research design was adopted, combining structured questionnaires administered to 400 respondents and semi- structured interviews with key ICT personnel. Findings revealed phishing, impersonation, and fake scholarship scams as the most prevalent social engineering tactics. Behavioral factors such as curiosity, peer influence, and financial vulnerability were identified as major contributors to student susceptibility, alongside institutional gaps including weak cyber awareness programs and poor reporting mechanisms. The study further established that although many students possess basic digital skills, deeper cybersecurity literacy remains insufficient. To address this, the research proposes targeted awareness interventions and the implementation of a Campus Cyber Complaint Reporting System to support early detection, incident reporting, and response coordination. The study concludes that proactive training and structured institutional response measures are essential in reducing the success of social engineering attacks within university environments

Genocide is one of the most heinous crimes under international law, characterized by acts intended to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group. The International Criminal Court (ICC) was established to ensure that such serious crimes do not go unpunished by providing a permanent international judicial body dedicated to holding perpetrators accountable. This role is critical in promoting justice, deterring future atrocities, and affirming the commitment of the international community to uphold human rights and the rule of law. The ICC’s involvement in prosecuting genocide marked a significant development in international criminal justice, addressing impunity where national courts failed to act. This aim of this long essay is to critically examine the effectiveness of the ICC in addressing and prosecuting genocide, identify existing gaps, and propose recommendations for improvement. Utilizing doctrinal methodology, the research analyses legal texts, ICC case laws, and international treaties relevant to genocide prosecution. The essay reveals that while the ICC represents a significant advancement in international criminal law by providing a permanent forum for justice, several gaps hinder its full effectiveness. These include limited jurisdictional reach, challenges to state cooperation, political interference, and delays in the prosecution process. Additionally, the ICC faces difficulties in ensuring victim participation and protection, which are crucial for restorative justice. The study recommends emphasizing strengthening international cooperation to overcome jurisdictional and enforcement challenges, enhancing the Court’s resources and capacity for expedited proceedings, and promoting broader acceptance of ICC jurisdiction through international diplomacy. The study also suggests amplified support for victim rights and witness protection mechanisms to ensure comprehensive justice delivery

This study empirically examines the role of banking institutions in Nigeria’s economic development. It focuses on four specific objectives: assessing the impact of market capitalization in the banking sector on Nigeria’s gross domestic product (GDP); analysing the influence of interest rates on GDP; evaluating the effect of monetary policy on GDP; and examining the relationship between financial deepening in the banking sector and GDP. The study utilizes aggregate data from all financial institutions listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange and the Central Bank of Nigeria’s (CBN) annual statistical bulletin. Given the broad scope of the financial sector, the research specifically considers annual reports of banking institutions from 1995 to 2024. A unit root test was conducted to determine the integration order of the variables, ensuring their compatibility with the selected econometric framework. An Error Correction Model (ECM) was employed to capture short-term dynamics while maintaining long-term equilibrium. Descriptive statistics and various econometric tests including t-tests, R-squared, and F-tests were applied to analyse the data using E-Views 11. The findings reveal that financial development in Nigeria has a mixed impact on economic growth. While financial system deposits positively contribute to short-term growth, other aspects of financial development demonstrate limited significance. In the long run, financial inefficiencies and instability pose challenges to sustained economic growth. These results highlight the need for policymakers to enhance financial sector efficiency, strengthen monetary policy implementation, and promote financial inclusion to ensure that economic growth translates into broader economic benefits. Given that Nigeria’s financial sector remains underdeveloped compared to emerging economies, it is essential to strengthen financial institutions. This can be achieved by empowering deposit money and microfinance banks to serve as effective credit sources for both large and small businesses. Additionally, improving access to funding particularly for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and encouraging financial institutions to adopt innovative lending models tailored to underserved sectors will further enhance economic development.

This project examined the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in shaping religious programmes in Living Faith Church Worldwide and the ethical concerns connected with its use in church activities. The study aimed to examine how AI is being used in religious programs in Winners’ Chapel, its effects on church activities, and the ethical issues associated with its application. The thesis adopted a qualitative research method. Data were collected through document analysis, observation of modern technological practices, and the use of published interviews and academic materials related to AI in religion. Relevant books, journal articles, church publications, online materials, and previous studies were also reviewed to provide a broad understanding of the subject. Thematic analysis was used to examine the information collected and to identify important patterns and themes related to AI in church programs. Findings from the research revealed that AI is gradually becoming part of modern religious practice in Winners’ Chapel through television evangelism, radio broadcasting, online streaming, mobile applications, social media communication, and administrative management. The researcher found that AI improves communication, sermon preparation, translation, media production, teaching, and church administration. It also showed that AI can support children’s ministry, adult Bible studies, and global outreach programs such as Shiloh. However, the thesis further revealed major ethical concerns, including privacy and data protection, algorithmic bias, overdependence on technology, reduction of human interaction, questions about spiritual authenticity, and the possibility of replacing important human roles in ministry.

Nanophysics, the study of materials and systems on the Nano scale, has enabled transformative technological innovations across disciplines. This paper reviews the pivotal roles and profound impact of nanophysics on major modern technologies. We discuss how nanophysics has allowed the precise control and manipulation of materials at the atomic and molecular level, leading to the development of nanomaterial with desirable mechanical, electrical, and optical properties. We highlight the contributions of nanophysics to semiconductors, energy storage, solar cells, sensors, quantum computing, and biomedical applications. For example, nanoparticles and nanowires designed through nanophysics are now key components in high-efficiency solar panels, targeted drug delivery, rapid disease detection, and quantum information technologies. However, we also examine ongoing challenges and open questions in Nano scale research, such as improving the scalability of Nano-manufacturing, reducing toxicity, and gaining a comprehensive understanding of quantum effects. Overall, this review underscores how fundamental insights in nanophysics have enabled transformative technologies that benefit society. The multifaceted roles and tremendous potential impact of nanophysics research on the future landscape of science and technology are discussed. Moving forward, interdisciplinary collaboration and responsible development of nanotechnologies will be vital.

NIL

his study is on the Role of Social Workers in Addressing Domestic Violence in Benin City, Edo State. The study population consisted of undergraduate students, and the sample was drawn using the Stratified Random Sampling method. The research instrument was a structured questionnaire, chosen for it's efficiency in reaching a larger number of respondents within a shorter timeframe. Content validity was employed to ensure the instruments validity, with experts and professionals in the field contributing to the process. A Test-retest Reliability approach was applied to assess the instruments reliability. The primary method of data collection was the questionnaire, which was personally distributed to respondent's, with the researcher providing guidance on the completion process. The analysis of the collected data involved using basic percentages and presenting them in tables displaying frequency distribution. Social workers provide immediate support during crisis, offering a calm presence and guidance on accessing emergency services as they facilitate access to shelters and safe house, allowing victims to escape abusive environments and find temporary refuge.

Most African states got independence in the period of superpower (United State and the Soviet Union) rivalry for world dominance and fortunately, some post-colonial states in Africa experience civil or internal war during this same period. The civil wars witness huge consequences such as lose of life and property as well as involvement of superpowers for various reasons. In the case of Nigeria, between 1967-1970 the Soviet Union weapons played a key role in the Federal government of Nigeria fight for “one Nigeria’.1 Thus, this long essay will examine the involvement of the superpowers in the Nigeria civil war, 1967-1970. The study will focus specifically on the Soviet Union involvements in Nigeria before the war and during the civil war. It will also examine the motive or reasons for the Soviet Union involvement in the fight for one Nigeria.