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This study examines the Yorùbá concept of àyànmọ (destiny) as a possible solution to the enduring Western philosophical debate between free willist and determinist. The research aims to: conduct systematic assessment of Western metaphysical discourse on free will and determinism with Yorùbá ontological understanding of human agency and destiny; demonstrate how the traditional Western problem may be less inflexible when approached through the àyànmọ framework; explore opportunities for combining Western analytical rigor with Yorùbá practical wisdom; and contribute to comparative philosophy by showing how engagement with non-Western traditions mirrors hidden traditions in Western approaches. The research employs hermeneutical and critical analysis methodology, drawing upon Gadamerian concepts of "fusion of horizons" to conduct cross-cultural philosophical investigation. The approach combines interpretive understanding with rigorous evaluation, investigating the historical development and cultural embeddedness of concepts within both Western and Yorùbá frameworks while sustaining standards of logical coherence and practical relevance. The study reveals that àyànmọ, etymological meaning "that which one chooses and becomes fixed," presents a cultured understanding of agency through progressive pluralism that recognizes multiple levels of agency operating at the same time. The ori's prenatal choice creates parameters within which incarnate freedom functions through character development (ìwà), creating nested orders of agency that preserve both cosmic order and moral responsibility. The Yorùbá hierarchical ontology, extending from Olódùmarè (Supreme Being) through the òrìṣà (deities) to human beings, situates personal destiny within broader cosmic relationships. This framework addresses deterministic concerns about constraining circumstances while maintaining space for genuine moral achievement, demonstrating that Yorùbá philosophy offers valuable resources for contemporary philosophical discourse on human agency and moral responsibility

A remote monitoring and control system enables real-time monitoring and management of devices or processes remotely. It enhances operational efficiency through continuous data acquisition and automated action. The system uses communication technologies to enable simple interaction between users and remote assets. Its applications cross industries such as manufacturing, agriculture, energy, and smart homes. The aim of this project was to make a remote monitoring and control system that can control and measure power supply remotely from a mobile application that we will also be developing. This remote monitoring and control system was made with the ESP32 microcontroller, making use of its inbuilt Wi-Fi and Bluetooth modules, while the mobile application used to monitor, control, and configure the system was made with the react-native framework. The interface between the mobile application and the system was the Blynk.cloud library and API, which was used to handle the remote online connection, while the BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) protocol was used to update the Wi-Fi credentials of the system through the mobile application. This project presented the results obtained with the development and testing of the system, as well as the advantages of using a Wi-Fi-enabled system in place of GSM device

This study examines the awareness and utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) in shelving and shelf-reading practices in the University of Benin Library. Using a descriptive research design, data were collected from professional and paraprofessional staff to determine their level of awareness of AI applications, the extent of AI adoption in routine collection- management tasks, and the factors influencing its use. The study highlights prevailing gaps in knowledge, infrastructural limitations, and staff readiness, while underscoring the potential of AI to enhance accuracy, efficiency, and decision-making in shelving operations. The findings aim to inform policy development and capacity-building initiatives that support effective AI integration in academic library workflows.

The term “Japa Syndrome” has been used to describe the growing attitude or trend of people leaving their home countries, especially from Africa, to re-settle in other parts of the world. This phenomenon is not unique to Africa, as migration has been part of human history for centuries in many regions.¹ For example, the Jewish people experienced large- scale migration long ago, moving from their homeland to different continents and countries. This movement was not random but happened in large movements and also at certain times in history. The effects of such migrations can be seen even today, such as in the ongoing disputes over land between the Jews and Palestinians, a conflict that has led to numerous wars over time, including the most recent outbreak in May 2021, which even attracted the involvement of other Islamic neighboring Countries such as Hezbollah from Lebanon.²

Euthanasia, particularly in mental disorders, represents one of the most ethically complex and legally contested issues in contemporary medical jurisprudence. While physical suffering has long been the focus of end-of-life discussions, the recognition of psychological suffering as a legitimate basis for euthanasia introduces new layers of legal, ethical, and human rights considerations. This research critically examines the legal framework governing euthanasia in mental disorder cases, using a comparative approach between Nigeria and the Netherlands two jurisdictions with significantly divergent legal, cultural, and ethical perspectives. The study analyses the statutory and judicial positions on euthanasia in both countries, paying special attention to the criteria for mental competence, the evaluation of consent in psychiatric contexts, and the protections afforded to vulnerable individuals. In the Netherlands, euthanasia is legally permitted under strict conditions, even for individuals with psychiatric illnesses, provided that rigorous procedural safeguards are met. In contrast, Nigeria maintains a strict prohibition, with euthanasia treated as a criminal offence under both the Criminal Code and Penal Code, and without any provision for mental health-related exceptions. This research employs doctrinal and comparative methodologies, drawing from legal texts, case law, academic commentaries, and international human rights instruments. It identifies the shortcomings of Nigeria’s current legal stance and explores whether the Dutch model offers adaptable insights for humane and rights-based legal reform. The study ultimately argues for a more nuanced legal framework in Nigeria one that balances the sanctity of life with evolving standards of human dignity, mental health rights, and individual autonomy

Intestinal parasitic infections remain a significant public health problem among school-aged children in developing countries, where poor sanitation and inadequate hygiene promote transmission. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and distribution of intestinal parasites among primary school pupils in Ikpoba Hill, Benin City, Edo State. A descriptive cross- sectional survey was conducted among 167 children aged 5–14 years selected from public and private schools. Stool specimens were examined using direct wet mount (saline and Lugol’s iodine) and the formol-ether concentration method to identify protozoa and helminths. Socio- demographic data and hygiene practices were obtained through structured questionnaires, and results were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.Of the 167 stool samples examined, 50 were positive, giving an overall prevalence of 29.9%. Entamoeba coli was the most frequently detected parasite (60%), followed by Entamoeba histolytica (24%), while Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura accounted for 8% each. Infections were more common among children aged 6–10 years and among males, although these differences were not statistically significant (P= 0.726). The use of unimproved toilet facilities was the only factor significantly associated with infection (P=0.030).The moderate prevalence observed suggests that periodic deworming, improved sanitation, and hygiene education have reduced the burden compared with earlier reports from similar communities, but environmental contamination and unsafe water remain important risk factors. Strengthening school-based deworming, ensuring access to safe water, and promoting proper sanitation are recommended to sustain control and further reduce the transmission of intestinal parasites among schoolchildren in this setting.

The supply of electricity is essential for supporting academic operations in universities, especially in a time when technology and digital education are indispensable to learning. This research investigates how electricity disruptions affect academic operations at the University of Benin, concentrating on students, faculty, and administrative personnel. Data were gathered through structured questionnaires. The results indicate that frequent power failures significantly disrupt lecture delivery, research efforts, access to online educational resources, and administrative activities. Students find it difficult to complete assignments and study efficiently, while instructors and researchers encounter difficulties in preparing course materials and conducting virtual learning. The research also underscores the coping strategies employed by stakeholders, such as dependence on generators, inverters, and alternative study options off-campus. Even with these adjustments, electricity interruptions continue to pose a significant challenge to academic productivity. The research suggests improving power infrastructure, investing in alternative energy resources, and strategic policies to reduce the adverse effects of electricity disconnections on academic activities.

The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge of health effects of substance use amongst the youths in Ovia North East Local Government area. In view of this three research questions were raised to guide the study and various literature were reviewed in the study. The research design that is adopted for this study is descriptive survey design. This design is used in the study where the researcher does not have control of the variables and as such could not manipulate them because they had already occurred before the desire to conduct the research became evident. The population of the study consist of youths in Ovia North East Local Government area. The sample size for the study will be two hundred (200) youths in Ovia North East Local Government area. Convenience sampling technique was used to select to select the respondents in the study. The research instrument that was used for this study is a self-constructed Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using frequencies, percentages and mean statistics. Data generated were analyzed with the aid of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. It was discovered that, in terms of knowledge of the health effects of substance use is high. However, the adequate knowledge regarding the health effects of substance use did not prevent them from quitting its use. Majority of the respondents know that headache, hand tremor , accident, disease of the lung and premature death are the physical effect of drug abuse. It shows that majority of the respondents have high knowledge of the physical health effects of drug abuse. Majority of the respondents know that emotional problem, increased aggression, inability to sleep, mental illness and poor concentration are the psychological health effects of drug abuse. Majority of the respondents know that alter family relationship, poor academic performance , unprotected premarital sex, make one violent and affect ones finance are the social health effects of drug abuse. Thus majority of the respondents have high knowledge of social health effects of drug abuse.Based on the conclusion of the study, the researcher recommended

This study assesses the knowledge of the assessment of school health facilities in Secondary Schools in Ovia North East LGA. Edo State. Five research questions were asked and answered during the study using frequencies and percentages. The survey research design was adopted for this study; this is because the data is collected from a sample population with specific characteristics. The population of the study comprised students from SS1 to SS3 in Secondary Schools in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Benin City, Edo State. Out of this population one hundred and fifty (150) sample was selected from the total population using randomly sampling technique and purposive sampling. The instrument used to collect data for the study was fifteen items self-structured questionnaire. The instrument for the data collection was personally administered by the researcher to the respondents. The researcher explained to the respondents how to indicate their views on each item. On the basis of the findings made in the study, it can be concluded that school health services in Ovia North East LGA are moderately available but insufficient to meet the comprehensive health needs of students. While some schools have made efforts to establish functional health rooms and organize preventive health programs, these services remain inconsistent, underfunded, and unevenly distributed. The researcher recommends that government should allocate more financial resources to support the establishment, maintenance, and upgrading of health facilities in public secondary schools. Also, the researcher recommends that both public and private schools should prioritize the construction and maintenance of standard health rooms equipped with necessary materials such as beds, thermometers, gloves, and basic medications.

This study investigated the presence of pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in wastewater collected from selected environmental hotspots within Ikpoba-Okha Local Government Area, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. Wastewater samples were aseptically collected from Ramat Park and Ramat Market, sites characterized by intense commercial activity and poor sanitation. Samples were serially diluted and cultured on selective and differential media including MacConkey and EMB agar. Bacterial isolates were identified based on colony morphology, Gram staining, and biochemical tests. Total heterotrophic bacterial counts ranged from 3 × 10 4 to 9.2 × 10⁵ CFU/mL, indicating high microbial contamination. Predominant isolates included Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas species, and Klebsiella species, suggesting fecal pollution and environmental contamination. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed high resistance to β-lactam antibiotics (such as Augmentin, Ceftazidime, Ceftriaxone, and Cefuroxime), while isolates showed greater susceptibility to fluoroquinolones (such as Ofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin) and aminoglycosides (such as Gentamicin and Streptomycin). These findings indicate the presence of opportunistic pathogens and multidrugresistant bacteria in wastewater environments, posing potential public health risks. The study emphasizes the urgent need for improved wastewater management, environmental sanitation, and continuous microbial surveillance to prevent the spread of waterborne diseases and antimicrobial resistance within the community.