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Physics practicals play a crucial role in enhancing students' understanding of theoretical concepts and developing essential scientific skills. However, several factors hinder the effective teaching of Physics practicals in Senior Secondary School II in Edo State. This study aims to identify and analyze these factors to provide insights for improving practical Physics education. Four research questions were raised to guide the study. They are: What are the Major factors affecting the effective teaching of Physics practical in secondary schools in Ovia North East Local Government Area?, Does the availability of laboratory facilities impact the effective teaching of Physics practical in Senior Secondary School II in Ovia North LGA of Edo State?, Do Years of Experience impact the effective teaching of Physics practical in Senior Secondary School II in Ovia North LGA of Edo State?, Does low motivation level among Students impact the effective teaching of Physics practical in Senior Secondary School II in Ovia North LGA of Edo State? The analysis of the data was done using descriptive survey research design. The population comprises of Eighty public and private Senior Secondary students in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State. The sample size was 250 students randomly selected from eight Public and Private Senior Secondary Schools. To ensure the content and face validity of the instrument, the draft copy of the questionnaire was given to the project supervisor for proper modification. The data was administered and collected by the researcher and the mean rating inferential Statistics & Standard Deviation were used to interpret the data collected. Based on the findings of the study, it reveals that inadequate laboratory facilities, insufficient
instructional materials, lack of qualified Physics teachers, significantly affect the delivery of effective Physics practical lessons. The study highlights the need for improved funding, provision of modern laboratory equipment, teacher training programs, and curriculum adjustments to ensure a more effective and engaging practical learning experience. Addressing these factors will enhance students' comprehension and interest in physics, ultimately leading to better academic performance in the subject

Data travels over networks as invisible packets in today's digital world, and comprehending this process is essential, particularly when addressing problems like latency, congestion, orsecurity risks. This study investigates how we can track and analyse this data in real time using Wireshark, a potent network protocol analyser. We illustrate how deep packet inspection aids in detecting anomalies and resolving performance issues by recording and analysing protocols such as TCP and HTTP. This analysis demonstrates the importance of packet capture as a tool for efficient network administration and cybersecurity.

This study examined the perceived knowledge of the health implications associated with buttock enlargement procedures among female undergraduate students of the University of Benin, Edo State. The study was guided by four research questions and supported by an extensive review of relevant literature. A descriptive research design was adopted, targeting a population of 20,697 female students, from which a sample of 294respondents was selected. Data were collected using a well-structured questionnaire that was validated by experts in Health, Safety and Environmental Education. The reliability of the instrument was confirmed using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC). All 294 questionnaires administered were retrieved and analyzed using frequency counts and percentages. The findings revealed that the respondents possessed a high level of perceived knowledge regarding the health implications of buttock enlargement procedures. They demonstrated strong awareness of key medical risks, including the possibility of blood clot formation, which highlights their understanding of potential circulatory complications. The study also showed that the respondents were highly knowledgeable about the risk of viral infections such as HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis B and C especially when such procedures are conducted under unsafe or unregulated conditions. Additionally, the participants recognized nerve damage as a serious health implication that could lead to long-term complications such as chronic pain, numbness, or paralysis.

This study investigated the microbial contamination of personal effects belonging to undergraduate students in lecture theaters at the University of Benin, Edo State, Nigeria. The aim was to isolate, identify, and characterize bacteria and fungi present on frequently handled items such as mobile phones, bags, laptops, wristwatches, earbuds, and power banks, as well as to assess their antibiotic susceptibility profiles. Samples were collected using sterile swabs moistened with saline and cultured on Nutrient Agar, MacConkey Agar, Salmonella-ShigellaAgar, and Potato Dextrose Agar following standard microbiological procedures. Bacterial
isolates were characterized using Gram staining and biochemical tests, while fungal isolateswere identified based on macroscopic and microscopic features. The total heterotrophicbacterial count ranged from 0.85 × 10⁴ to 4.75 × 10⁴ CFU/m², and the total fungal count
ranged from 4.0 × 10³ to 9.0 × 10³ CFU/m², with higher microbial loads observed onitemsfrom female students. Five bacterial species were identified: Enterobacter cloacae, Salmonella spp., Bacillus spp., Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus alongside fungal
isolates including Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Mucor spp., and Yeast. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed high sensitivity to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin but resistance to tetracycline, metronidazole, and colistin, indicating the presence of multidrug-resistant strains. The findings demonstrate that students’ personal items serve as potential fomites capable of harboring and transmitting pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant microorganisms within academic environments. This highlights the need for improved hygiene practices, regular disinfection of personal effects, and health education to minimize fomite-mediated infections and safeguard public health.

This study examines the morpho-semantic features of Yoruba personal names with the aim of uncovering the linguistic structures and cultural meanings they carry. In Yoruba society, naming is a deeply significant practice that goes beyond identification; it communicates parental hopes, historical experiences, social realities, and religious beliefs. Names act as linguistic expressions of identity and often serve as short narratives that reflect the circumstances surrounding a child’s birth, the expectations of the family, and the collective traditions of the people. The research adopts a descriptive and analytical approach. Data were collected from oral interviews with native speakers, collections of Yoruba names in dictionaries, and relevant scholarly works. The analysis considers the morphological composition of the names, focusing on processes such as compounding, derivation, reduplication, and clause contraction. On the semantic level, the study classifies the names into groups such as the ophoric names that reference God or deities, destiny-related names that reflect fate or reincarnation, circumstantial names tied to birth conditions, proverbial names that carry moral or philosophical lessons, and praise names that express admiration or endearment. The findings show that Yoruba personal names are not random words but meaningful linguistic units that preserve and transmit cultural values. The morpho-semantic analysis reveals that names function as cultural texts, offering insight into Yoruba belief systems, family relations, and social values. The study concludes that Yoruba personal names, through their structure and meaning, provide a rich source of information about the Yoruba people and demonstrate the close relationship between language, culture, and identity

The paper examines the connection between electoral malpractice and the consolidation of democracy in Nigeria, the reasons, consequences, and remedies to improve the electoral integrity. The study through mixed-methods approach also looks at the impacts of different types of electoral malpractices such as vote buying, electoral violence, and result manipulation on the trust that the citizens have in the electoral process, and the erosion of democratic values. Based on the information gathered through a sample of 250 eligible citizens in Nigeria through stratified random sampling, the research will examine how such practices affect the stability of a democracy and the legitimacy of elected administrations. As the findings suggest, electoral malpractice has been still a constant problem, especially with the interference of politics, poor institutions, and the inability to enforce the existing laws, regardless of the numerous reforms, including the introduction of the Electoral Act 2022. The paper points out how political elites can manipulate elections and how the media and the civil society can play a great role in ensuring that there is transparency and accountability in elections. In addition it indicates that the electoral violence still obstructs voter turn up and breeds a culture of political indifference and this also undercuts democratic consolidation. Finally, the study notes that more effective implementation of electoral laws, a more effective enforcement of the independence of the judiciary and strengthening of institutional structures are necessary in preventing malpractice. It further reinforces the relevance of civic education and media participation in creating a better informed and active citizen voter.

This study assessed the adoption of improved poultry farming technologies among farmersin Ovia North-East Local Government Area, Edo State, Nigeria. The research described the socio-economic characteristics of poultry farmers, identified the available poultry farming technologies, assessed the awareness and sources of information about these technologies, determined the level of adoption, evaluated the perceived benefits of using these technologies, and identified factors militating against their adoption. A two-stage sampling technique was used to select 120 respondents from six communities within the local government area. Data collection was facilitated through structured questionnaires. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Probit regression to draw inferences. A total of 120 questionnaires were distributed but 119 questionnaires were returned as valid response while only one (1) was invalid response. As a result, the 119 questionnaires were analyzed and presented for discussion. The Results revealed that most poultry farmers were male (52.9%) and married (53.8%), with a significant proportion having secondary education. The majority (57.1%) had over five years of farming experience, with farm sizes ranging from small-scale to large-scale operations. Awareness of improved poultry technologies such as Automatic feeders (86.5%), Water systems(94.1%), Incubators (73.1%), Egg collection and grading machine (51.3%), Poultry vaccination systems (89.1%), and Biosecurity system (57.1%) was high among respondents. However, the level of adoption varied due to several challenges. The high perceived benefits of adopting these technologies included increased productivity, better disease management, Time savings (mean score = 2.66) and Improved animal welfare (mean score = 2.84). Despite these benefits, several factors highly militated against the adoption of improved poultry farming technologies. These included high initial costs of advanced systems (mean = 3.06), limited access to credit facilities(mean = 2.99). The study concluded that improved poultry farming technologies have significant potential to enhance productivity and sustainability in the sector. However, addressing barriers such as financial constraints, infrastructural deficiencies, and lack of technical expertise is critical for increasing adoption rates. It recommended that government should provide affordable credit
facilities to farmers, organize regular training programs to build technical capacity, improve rural infrastructure to support farm operations, and foster partnerships between farmers and technology providers to reduce costs and improve accessibility. By implementing these measures, the adoption of improved poultry farming technologies can be enhanced, contributing to food security and economic growth in Edo State and beyond.

Increase in antibiotic resistance of infectious bacteria to conventional antibiotics has emerged as a threat to public health and this has lrd to the growing interest rate in plants as herbal sources of antimicrobial agents. Among such plants, Musa spp (banana stem) has been widely used in traditional medicine for its therapeutic properties. This study explored the antibacterial activity of Musa spp stem extracts against selected bacteria. Fresh stem of Musa spp were cut, cleaned, air-dried and pulverized. The powdered sample was soaked using ethanol and distilled water and extracted to obtain the ethanolic and aqeous extracts. The antibacterial activity of the extracts were assessed against selected bacteria (Escherechiacoli, Staphylcoccus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ), obtained fromthe UniversityofBenin Teaching Hospital using Agar well diffusion method. The phytochemical screening of the aqeous and ethanol extracts, revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids and saponins at varying degrees with the ethanolic extract showing stronger phytochemical activity, compared to the aqeous extract. The bacterial
evaluation of the extract revealed that both extracts, showed dose dependent antibacterial activity with inhibition zones, decreasing at lower concentrations. For Staphylcoccus aureus, ethanolic extract showed moderate inhibition at 11.00mm and no inhibition for aqeous extract. Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed moderate inhibition for both the aqeous- 11.00mmandethanol- 10.00mm extract at 50% concentration and 10.00mm at 25%aqeous concentration. Escherechia coli showed both ethanolic and aqeous inhibition at only 50%concentrationat 11.00mm and 9.00mm respectively. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of both aqeous and ethanolic extracts showed that Staplylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherechiacoli, showed bacterioststic activity at 50mg/ml for the ethanolic extract while only P. aeruginosa inhibited at 50mg/ml for the aqeous extract. The Minimum Bactericidal Concentration showed that only ethanolic extract at 50mg/ml showed bacteriacidal effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherechia coli showed bacteriostatic activity. This study further emphasizes the antibacterial potential of Musa spp stem extracts against selected bacteria. This supports it’s basis as an alternative to synthetic antibiotics as a medicinal plant.

Idris Amali was born in the early 1950s into the family of Mallam Aliyu Amali in Oturkpo, Benue State of Nigeria. He attended St. Andrew Primary school as well as Wesley High school Oturkpo. He got admission into the University of Ibadan, Jos Campus in 1975. He graduated in 1979 and was the first President of the student Union in Jos. He was the Head of Department of English and Literature for two terms and four years as the Director of General studies. Amali was a two-time Dean and later was made Professor of Oral Literature

This project focuses on the design and implementation of a lightweight honeypot system aimed at detecting and logging unauthorized access attempts on a local network. With cyberattacks
becoming increasingly common and sophisticated, many small organizations lack the tools to properly monitor their networks. Honeypots offer a simple yet effective way to study intrusion behaviour by acting as decoy systems that attract potential attackers. The system developed in this project was built using Python due to its flexibility and strong support for network programming through libraries such as socket, datetime, and logging. It works by listening on a specific network port, recording each incoming connection, and logging details such as the intruder’s IP address, timestamp, and input commands into a text file named honey.txt. Using the prototyping methodology, the system was built and tested within a controlled local
environment using Telnet and Nmap to simulate intrusion attempts. The results confirmed that the honeypot could efficiently detect connections, capture relevant data, and operate smoothly with minimal resource use. Overall, this project shows that lightweight honeypots can provide valuable insights into network security and help raise awareness of potential threats, especially for small organizations and students. Future improvements could include multi-port monitoring, real-time alert features, and database-based log management to enhance system efficiency and scalability.