Numerical schemes for the integration of stiff initial value problems are required to possess wide region of absolute stability which include the entire left of the complex plane. Numerical schemes that are explicit usually do not attain the requirement for integration of stiff initial value problems. In this study, implicit second derivative Runge
Kutta methods are constructed for the integration of stiff initial value problems. A family of generalised second derivative mono-implicit Runge-Kutta (GSDMIRK) method is derived using the method of Tailor series expansion.
The proposed GSDMIRK methods are 𝐴-stable for stage 𝑠=3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 4 and 𝐴(∝)-stable for ��=5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 6. Numerical experiments show that the GSDMIRK methods perform better when compared to some numerical algorithms in the literature.

This study investigates the perceived impact of effective communication on adult education programmes in Ovia North East local government area of Edo State. To achieve this purpose, the five (5) research questions were raised to guide the study: The study adopted descriptive survey research design for the study. Five (5) adult literacy centres was used for the study. One hundred and twenty adult learners were selected using the simple random sampling technique. Questionnaire was the instrument used to elicit information from the respondents. The questionnaire were designed and validated by experts in the department of Adult and Non-formal Education Faculty of
Education, University of Benin. Data were analysed using descriptive statistical techniques such as table, frequencies counts, and simple percentages. Findings of the study revealed that the level of awareness of effective communication among adult learners in the area is high. It was also revealed that that the best effective ways to communicate with adult learners in the area are; adult learners should be made to participate in the communication process, the facilitators should be audible, time conscious and should use clear and unambiguous words. It was recommended Facilitators should try to create a good rapport between them and the adult learners, this will make the them to feel free to express their opinions or views. It was further recommended that facilitators should pay cursory attention to adult who have hearing difficulties and bring them to the front seat for them to hear what is been taught.

The purpose of the study is to acknowledge the problems hindering the effective teaching and learning of biology in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State. The study is to determine how well teachers in Oredo Local Government use teaching-learning media in teaching of biology in secondary schools, the extent to which the lack of educational and instructional materials affect the teaching and learning of biology, the extent of the abilities of teachers and how well they cope with new technology and media used for proper learning of biology which is a core science subject, the extent to which the educational qualifications cover for the teachers in the use of computerized media for teaching and learning, and how well they are tested for effective teaching programs in the scope of biology. The researcher employed a survey research method to gather information on the topic. The population of the study consists of 2 biology teachers selected from 10 public senior secondary schools in Oredo Local Government Area. A total population of 20 teachers was sampled from the 10 senior secondary schools. The instrument used in this study for the collection of data was a structured questionnaire. The instrument was designed by the researcher and validated by two experts in the department of curriculum and instructional technology. It was subjected to face content validity of the instrument. 20 copies of the questionnaire were distributed by the researcher to the 20 respondents (biology teachers) and were collected by the researcher on the spot. The methods of data collected were analyzed using mean score. The result from the analysis showed that, the use of teaching-learning media in secondary schools is not much. teachers still use chalkboards and textbooks for teaching biology, the use of live biota and computers is almost non-existent in these schools, most schools do not have new technology for teaching available for use to teachers and students, many teachers were inexperienced to use computers, the non availability and lack of teaching-learning media in these schools makes learning biology difficult, incomprehensible and impossible to learn which leaves the students decades behind their counterparts in western and foreign schools. It also revealed that teachers will embrace old means of teaching biology unless they are taught how to use and navigate around these new teaching-learning media. Some solutions include: the Ministry of Education providing adequate programs for coaching teachers on how to use teaching-learning media, qualified biology teachers should be provided with these resources and materials to ease the teaching of biology. Also, the ministry of education should regularly supervise schools to make sure that they always meet up with the appropriate standard. Hence, there is much need for sufficient qualified and competent biology teachers with teaching-learning media skills in secondary schools in Oredo Local Government Area.

The aim of this study was to examined the knowledge and perception of residents of Ehor Community on the effect of female genital mutilation, four research questions were raised to guide the study. Do residents of Ehor community have adequate knowledge of the implications of female genital mutilation? What is the perception of residents of Ehor community on the effect of female genital mutilation? What is the level of practice of female genital mutilation among residents of Ehor community? What are the factors that promote the practice of female genital mutilation among residents of Ehor community?
The descriptive survey research design was used for this study. Population of the study consisted of comprise six thousand four hundred and forty-four (6,444) women in Ehor community in Uhunmwode Local Government Area of Edo State. A sample of one hundred and twenty-nine (129) women were randomly selected from the population. Questionnaire was the instrument used to elicit information from the respondents. The data collated were analyzed using the simple percentage, mean and standard deviation.
The findings from the study it was seen that FGM affect the health of women and girls also it was also revealed that FGM violate the right of women and girls. It was seen that FGM causes urination and sexual problem. The recommendation includes The Government needs to implement a national action plan on FGM which will provide statutory guidance and a strategy for ending the practice to all key stakeholders including professionals, NGOs and communities. Training for all statutory professionals on the identification, management and support of those at risk and affected by FGM should be conducted routinely. There is a need for increased awareness and understanding of the criminal law sanctions for FGM amongst the communities where it is practiced.

This study has examined women in politics and their contributions to the socio-economic development in Nigeria; a case study of Mrs. Doris Ayanka Imalele. Despite global campaign for gender equality, 65 women‟s political representation in the country has failed to achieve the critical mass of 30% women‟s representation in the country‟s politics. The country‟s socioeconomic factors, political structures, historical heritages, political thuggery and gangsterism, societal norms and beliefs have created a culture that alienates women from the main stream of Nigerian politics. The imperative of democratic consolidation in Nigeria requires that women, who constitute half of the national population, should find prominence in the mainstream political development of the nation since democracy is only achievable on the altar of popular participation of every citizen of the society, males and females alike. It is therefore conclusive that any corrective measure adopted to address the low participation of women in Nigerian politics will only be superficial unless the nation‟s socioeconomic, cultural and political factors that limit women empowerment are decisively addressed.

This research gives attention to the non-energy use of Lignite samples collected from Ohordua town of Edo State and Azagba-Ogwashi in Delta State. A total of six composite Lignite samples,from ten sampled points were subjected to analytical study, with a view to determining their humic content and properties for use in soil beneficiation and conditioning.Proximate and Ultimate analytical technique was used to characterize the lignite from which humic acid was extracted under alkaline condition, and precipitated using acidic medium of 6M HCl.X-Ray Diffraction and X-Ray Fluorescence analytical methods were employed to determine the mineralogical and elemental composition of the samples respectively,while Ultra-Violent visible spectroscopy was used for organic characterization of
the humic acid. Proximate analyses of the Lignite show percentage composition of Ohordua and Azagba-Ogwashi Lignite respectively,Fixed Carbon (65.22 wt% and 67.16wt%),Moisture Content (26 wt% and 25.4wt%) and Ash (5.02 wt% and 4.5 wt%).Ultimate analyses shows Hydrogen (6.60 wt% and 6.22wt%), Nitrogen (1.34 wt% and 1.19wt%,) Sulphur (0.77 wt% and 0.70wt%), Oxygen (26.07 wt% and 24.73 wt%), for Ohordua and Azagba-Ogwashi respectively. The analytical results suggest the existing lignite with varying thickness is of Lignite rank. The Ultimate analyses of the extracted Humic acid show Carbon (57.5wt% and 55.8wt%)%, Hydrogen (5.1 wt% and 3.9wt%), Nitrogen (2.5 wt% and 1.1wt%), Sulphur (Nil and 0.3wt%) and Oxygen (34.9 wt% and 38.9wt%,) for Ohordua and Azagba-Ogwashi, respectively.The mineralogical composition in the lignite samples shows Kaolinite was the main clay mineral identified. Non clay minerals such as anorthite, drierite, yeelimite, spurite, belite, wollastonite, hematite, pyrite, bauxite and quartz were detected.For Ultra-Violent visible spectroscopy characterization of the Humic Acid, E2/E3 and E4/E6 absorption values for Ohordua (21.69 and 4.50) respectively, while Azagba- Ogwashi reveal (19.39 and 4.6) respectively. The humic substance has percentage aromaticity values of 33.90% and 34.06%, total acidity has 10.4% and 10.1%, COOH has 3.4% and 3.3%, Phenolic has 7.0% and 6.8% and acidity ratio has 0.49% and 0.48%, for Ohordua and Azagba-Ogwashi, respectively which depicts the Humic Acid has a high degree of Humification and a very good total acidity ratio. Results from this research indicate that the Lignite from both locations are similar in geochemistry, mineralogy and organic properties. Although,humification is high in both samples, Ohordua Lignite with lesser aromaticity and E4/E6 ratio, higher E2/E3 ratio and higher acidity ratio is more suitable for beneficiation
and conditioning than that of Azagba-Ogwashi.

This project reports the design, fabrication and experimental test of a solar water heater for domestic use. It consists of a flat plate collector of aluminum sheet of 1.016mm thickness. A water source tank which is also made from aluminum which can be installed at any location and circulation of water is with the aid of gravity through plumbing network. Experiments were performed on the solar water heater operating under force circulation with the aim of evaluating the collector’s performance. This involves hourly reading of temperature at various locations of the unit from 9am to 4pm for a period of three days. Results show that a temperature of 55ºC was obtained when 20 litres of water was heated during one of the tests carried out.

The aim of the study was to investigate knowledge, attitude and practice of contraceptives among undergraduates in university of Benin, Benin city, to make it possible, the study investigate Descriptive survey research design was adopted to accomplish the objectives of the study. The population of the study consists of all fourty four thousand, six hundred and ninety-nine (44,699) undergraduates in university of Benin and the sample size of 300 undergraduate was used in the study. The instrument for data collection was the questionnaire developed by the researcher
and was validated by the researcher’s supervisor and two other experts from the Department of Health, Safety and Environmental Education. The reliability coefficient was 0.81 was obtained using Pearson's Product Moment Correlation Co-efficient (PPMCC). The data collected were analyzed statistically using the statistical package of social sciences (SPSS) software. The study discovered that majority of the respondents had high level of knowledge of what contraception is and had practice the use of contraception. The result also revealed that they are high proportion of sexual practice among the respondent and that there is a significant relationship between the attitudes of undergraduate towards contraceptive influence contraceptive use among undergraduate of university of Benin. The study recommend that university authority should provide adolescent health clinics which will provide students with counseling on sex related matters and also provide easily accessible contraceptive services where the need arises. And that enlightenment of students on the dangers and consequences of unprotected sex. The commonest source of information for the students, which is the social media, should be exploited and utilized in disseminating this information. However, total abstinence should be encouraged among all students.

Flooding poses a significant challenge to Ugbowo and its environs, causing environmental degradation and socio-economic losses. This study aims to mitigate flooding through a comprehensive check dams uitability analysis using GIS and remote sensing techniques. Key criteria considered include landcover(21%), rainfall (18%), drainage density(16%), elevation(17%), slope(15%), and soil type(13%). Results indicate that 11.46% of the area is highly suitable, predominantly in the south eastern region, 87.32% moderately suitable, mainly in central and western areas, and 1.22% with low suitability in the northern section. The primary factors influencing suit ability are land use /cover, rainfall patterns, andd rainage density. Recommendations include structural elevation, run off management, site-specific check dam design, and additional flood mitigation measure stoen hance flood resilience and water shed management. This study provides a frame work for optimizing check dam placement, thereby reducing flood risks and promoting sustainable water resource management in the region.

Hydropriming has proved to be the most potent form of seed germination enhancement in not just final germination but also in speed of germination and time taken to reach 50% of total germinated seeds of Napoloenaea vogelii Hook. and Planch. Priming seeds in solutions significantly affected seed germination (P<0.05), with smoke water treatments, hydro and halopriming having significantly higher germination means Maximum germination percentage was observed in hydropriming with 90% germination while Halopriming (NaCl 2, and 4g/l) had total germination percentages of 85% each. Napoleonaea vogelii seeds also responded positively to smoke water treatment for 10 and 20 minutes with 80% and 77.50% respectively. Effect of bush fire proved to be deleterious, showing the lowest germination percentage of 32.50%. Seeds collected from decaying fruits on trees has low mean germination percentage of 34.17%. The effect of various treatments was significant on the speed of germination. All forms of priming showed improved speed of germination with hydropriming being superior with a mean speed of 2.99 day-1. Control showed the least speed with 0.39 day-1. Plants in complete darkness showed the highest mean growth in height (32.42cm) while those in 24hrs light showed lowest growth in height (18.88cm). Hydropriming and Halopriming (2g/l) also showed significant growth in heights (24.12cm and 24.08cm respectively). The seeds of Diospyros barteri Hiern. did not show any germination under all treatments given to seeds.