The secondary school system of education in Nigeria assumes the role of training and producing students for tertiary institutions and manpower for national development and world of work. The general poor academic performance of students in Mathematics has become a source of great concern to all the stakeholders in education particularly the Mathematics educators, parents and the government. Educational Game is one of the strategies that have been found to enhance the attitude and academic achievement of students in many subjects including Mathematics. But many Mathematics teachers lack the knowledge of the role of Mathematical Games. The study therefore, examined the effects of Mathematical Games on 6 public senior secondary students’ academic performance in Mathematics in Egor, Edo State, Nigeria. The researchers adopted a quasi- experimental research design and used simple random sampling technique to select a secondary school for the study. A total of 100 students (32 experimental and 41 control groups) were involved in the study. The experimental group was exposed to Mathematical Games during the teaching of Mathematics for a period of three weeks while the control group was not exposed to Mathematical Games. Mathematics Performance Test (MPT) was used for data collection on students’ academic performance. The findings of the study revealed that the use of Mathematical Games has a significant positive effect on the academic performance of the students in Mathematics; the use of Mathematical Games was beneficial to students irrespective of their gender and scoring ability. It was recommended among other things that government should provide Mathematical Games for secondary school students and Mathematics teachers should incorporate the use of Mathematical Games into the teaching and learning of Mathematics.

This study investigated the role of sports in promoting social inclusion and diversity at the University of Benin. Four research questions and two hypotheses guided the inquiry. A descriptive survey research design was adopted, and the population consisted of 46,110 students of the University of Benin. A stratified and simple random sampling technique was used to select a sample of 100 students drawn evenly from five faculties. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire validated by experts in Human Kinetics and analysed using descriptive statistics mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions, while Pearson Product Moment Correlation was employed to test the hypotheses at the 0.05 significance level. Findings revealed that sports programs significantly promote social inclusion by fostering interaction, friendship formation, and a sense of belonging among students from diverse backgrounds. Major barriers to participation among underrepresented students included financial constraints, limited awareness of available programs, inaccessibility of facilities, discrimination, and academic workload. Results also showed that while leadership in sports programs positively influences inclusion through fair treatment and encouragement of diverse participation, there remains a need for stronger policy implementation to support underrepresented groups. Based on these outcomes, the study concludes that sports are an important catalyst for social cohesion and diversity within the university environment, but structural and administrative barriers must be addressed to achieve full inclusivity. Recommendations were made to improve accessibility, awareness, financial support, and inclusive policy enforcement in the University of Benin’s sports programs.

This research investigates the geotechnical implications of water table fluctuations on the stability of near-surface soil strata by evaluating the relationship between fundamental soil index properties and measured shear strength parameters. Laboratory testing on soil samples recovered from 1.0 meter and 2.0 meter depths from warri, encompassing Specific Gravity (Gs),Compaction,AtterbergLimits,andTriaxialCompressiontests. The analysis revealed a critically poor soil profile characterized by low Specific Gravity (Gs < 2.54) and negligible cohesive strength (C as 0kPa}) across both strata, strongly indicating the presence of organic or highly compressible lightweight solids. The study's primary finding is the exceptionally low angle of internal friction (19.4 at 1.0 m and 16.7 at 2.0 m). This deficiency means that the soil's shear strength is entirely frictional and thus 100% dependentoneffectivestress. Theresultsdemonstratethatwatertableriseposesanacuteriskbycausingaseverereduction in�, leading to an immediate and significant loss of shear strength and bearing capacity, confirming the extreme moisture sensitivity of the subgrade. Consequently, the soil is classified as unsuitable for foundation support without extensive ground improvement. Mitigation recommendations include removal and replacement or deep foundations to bypass the weak, high-risk zone, providing essential data for informed foundation design and geotechnicalriskassessment.

Stimulants are a major constituent of psychoactive substances. They cause several untoward effects; including academic difficulty which can lead to untoward consequences for students. The understanding of the knowledge and pattern of use of stimulant will help in its prevention and control. Thus, this study intended to investigate the knowledge and practice and current prevalence rates of stimulant use, using the undergraduate students in the university of Benin as case study, age and gender of students as well monthly income and how they got to know about stimulants, specific type of stimulant used and reason for using stimulants. The instrument consisted of sociodemographic variables and the stimulant knowledge section, benefits, health effects and effects section of Questionnaire for Student Drug Use Survey. It was administered on 100 undergraduate students of University of Benin selected by random technique. The current prevalence rates of stimulant use were 61%, 54% and 50% respectively for the use caffeine, alcohol and cannabis. The majority (77%) of our respondents were in the age range of 21-25. Only 2% of our respondents were married. Therefore, efforts at curtailing the use of stimulants must start early; incorporating such strategy into primary school curriculum will be worthwhile. There is need to focus more on common stimulants like coffee, Kola nut, caffeinated energy drinks. Students need to study without using stimulants.

This study was carried out to investigate the personal and environmental factors influencing gender in sports performance among undergraduates of Wellspring University. To guide this study, three research questions were raised with corresponding hypotheses that were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The descriptive survey research design was adopted in this study. The population of this study was made up of 1714 undergraduates. The sample size of 400 undergraduates was selected using the Taro Yamane formula due to the large size of the population. The research instrument for the study was a self-constructed questionnaire. The statistical analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics of frequency and percentage for the bio-data, inferential statistics of simple multiple regression was used in testing hypotheses 1 to 3 corresponding to research questions 1 to 3. The formulated hypotheses tested were set at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of this research based on the research questions raised and hypotheses formulated showed the following; there was a positive weak relationship between male and female students sports participation based on personal factors, which was not significant. Also, personal factors was the highest predictor of students’ sports participation; there was a positive weak significant relationship between male and female students sports participation based on environmental factors; as environmental factors was the highest predictor of students sports participation; there was a positive weak significant contributions of personal and environmental factors to students sports participation; as environmental factors was the highest predictor of students sports participation. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that there was a positive weak and insignificant relationship between male and female students sports participation based on personal factors, with personal factors being the highest predictors of students sports participation. Also, there was a positive weak and significant relationship ix between male and female students sports participation based on environmental factors, with environmental factors being the highest predictors of students sports participation. Lastly, there was a positive weak significant contributions of personal and environmental factors to students’ sports participation with environmental factors being the highest predictor of students’ sports participation. From the findings of the study it was recommended that; the necessary and ideal environment should be created to bring out the best among undergraduates in relation to their sports participation; undergraduates irrespective of their gender should be encouraged by all and sundry to regularly participate in sports; experts such as sports psychologists and other significant others should be able to manage undergraduates psychological and personal issues effectively to make them gain full satisfaction and enjoyment while engaging in sporting events.

This study presents the design and implementation of an AI-Based Career Guidance Chatbot developed to support Nigerian secondary school leavers in making informed academic and career decisions. Motivated by the growing complexity of career choices and the shortage of trained counsellors in Nigeria, the system uses artificial intelligence (AI) and natural language processing (NLP) to deliver personalized, real-time guidance through a conversational interface. Using Yamane’s formula, 67 respondents were selected, and data were gathered through structured questionnaires and analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results showed that most students owned smartphones (94%) and had reliable internet access (80%), indicating strong readiness for AI-driven solutions. Users expressed high satisfaction with the chatbot’s ease of use, responsiveness, and personalized recommendations, reflected in mean perception scores of 4.1–4.6 on a 5-point scale. The study also identified persistent challenges in traditional counselling, including limited counsellor availability, high studentto-counsellor ratios, and inconsistent information. These findings highlight the potential of AI systems to complement existing counselling services by providing accessible, consistent, and data-driven support. The study recommends integrating AI chatbots into school counselling programs, maintaining updated academic data, and enforcing strong data privacy practices. Overall, the system shows promise for improving decision-making, boosting student confidence, and promoting equitable access to quality career guidance in Nigeria.

This study investigates the susceptibility of students at the University of Benin (UNIBEN) to phishing attacks and examines how to promote sustainable, safe email usage within the academic environment. Employing a mixed-methods research design, the study collected quantitative data through structured surveys and qualitative insights from interviews, focus group discussions, and document analysis. The findings reveal that while students have a basic awareness of phishing, their understanding is superficial and they often rely on visual cues, which increases their vulnerability. Additionally, the current email security measures at UNIBEN—such as basic spam filters and password-based authentication—prove insufficient against sophisticated phishing tactics. The qualitative data further indicate that a lack of practical, hands-on cybersecurity training contributes significantly to the risk, with many students calling for interactive training and simulated phishing exercises. Based on these insights, the study concludes that enhancing both technical security measures and cybersecurity education is essential to reduce phishing susceptibility. Recommendations include implementing comprehensive, practical training programs, upgrading security protocols with multi-factor authentication, establishing formal incident reporting systems, and fostering a proactive cybersecurity culture. These steps are expected to strengthen the overall security of UNIBEN’s email system and promote a resilient academic environment.

Effective waste management remains one of the major challenges of modern urban environments. Traditional waste bins that require manual contact during use pose hygiene risks and contribute to the spread of germs and diseases, especially in public spaces, hospitals, and offices. The COVID- 19 pandemic further exposed the dangers of surface contamination, creating the need for contactless systems that minimize human interaction. To address these issues, this project focuses on the design and construction of a smart waste bin that automates lid operation using sensor-based control. The smart waste bin utilizes an ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04) to detect the proximity of a user’s hand and an Arduino microcontroller programmed to activate a servo motor for lid movement. The system operates on a simple logic: when an object or hand is detected within a set distance, the microcontroller signals the motor to open the lid, then closes it automatically after a short delay. The circuit was designed and tested using affordable, readily available components to ensure low cost, simplicity, and ease of replication. The constructed system was evaluated for detection accuracy, response speed, and reliability. Results showed that the smart bin performed efficiently, responding consistently to hand motion without physical contact. This innovation promotes hygiene, user convenience, and efficient waste disposal in domestic, institutional, and public settings. The project demonstrates that embedded systems and low-cost automation technologies can significantly improve sanitation and environmental management practices

The dissolution of statutory marriage in Nigeria is governed by the Matrimonial Causes Act, which recognises irretrievable breakdown of marriage but still requires proof of fault facts. This requirement has generated significant legal and practical challenges, particularly in relation to desertion, which remains one of the most technical and contentious fault facts. Desertion consists of the willful and unjustified cessation of matrimonial cohabitation by one spouse without consent, reasonable cause, and with the intention of permanently terminating cohabitation. This study examines the problems of fault facts in the dissolution of statutory marriage in Nigeria, with a specific focus on desertion. The objectives of the study are to examine the conceptual and theoretical foundations of marriage and its dissolution, analyse the legal and institutional framework governing dissolution of statutory marriage in Nigeria, and critically evaluate desertion as a fault fact, including its elements, statutory requirements, and evidential challenges. The study further assesses judicial attitudes and relevant case law on desertion, as well as the broader implications of a fault-based divorce regime. The study adopts a doctrinal research methodology, relying on statutory provisions, judicial decisions, textbooks, and scholarly literature. The study finds that the technical requirements for proving desertion, particularly animus deserendi and the absence of justification, often frustrate genuine claims and prolong irretrievably broken marriages. It concludes by recommending a reconsideration of the continued reliance on fault facts under Nigerian matrimonial law in favour of a more flexible and realistic approach to marital breakdown.

This research critically examines the adequacy of the Nigerian legal framework in regulating advertisements that target families, with a particular focus on protecting family values and shielding children from harmful content. In an era where media and marketing profoundly shape societal perceptions and behaviours, advertisements have moved beyond mere commerce to become potent cultural forces. Nigerian families, especially children, are increasingly exposed to advertisement content that promotes materialism, distorts parental roles, encourages early sexualisation, and reinforces unhealthy stereotypes, etc — raising serious moral, psychological, and societal concerns. Despite the existence of regulatory bodies such as the Advertising Regulatory Council of Nigeria (ARCON), the National Broadcasting Commission (NBC), and protective laws like the Child Rights Act and the APCON Code of Advertising Practice, enforcement remains weak, coordination among regulators is inconsistent, and legal provisions often fall short of addressing the unique vulnerabilities of families and children in the digital age. Using a mixed-method approach, this study combines doctrinal analysis of statutes, regulatory frameworks, and case law with empirical data collected through structured interviews and questionnaires administered to parents, legal professionals, educators, and regulatory officers and societal stakeholders. The research draws on the Social Responsibility Theory of the Press and the theory of Legal Paternalism to assess the role of the law in curbing harmful advertisements. It finds that while legal instruments exist, they lack the moral, cultural, and psychological sensitivity required to address the full impact of modern advertising on Nigerian families. The study ultimately recommends legal reform, enhanced media literacy, stronger institutional collaboration, and proactive regulatory strategies aimed at reinforcing societal values, safeguarding children’s mental and moral development, and ensuring that advertising content contributes constructively to the social fabric of the nation. This work contributes to the growing scholarship on media law, family law, and child protection in Nigeria.