2025

Isotretinoin (Accutane), a retinoid widely used for severe acne, has been reported to induce hippocampal toxicity through oxidative stress, apoptosis, and neuroinflammation, which can impair prenatal development. The hippocampus, being particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage, may contribute to learning and memory deficits when exposed to Isotretinoin during gestation. This study evaluates the protective efficacy of Vitamin E, and quercetin against Accutane-induced hippocampal toxicity in prenatal Wistar rats. Four groups were examined in this: control, Accutane only, Accutane + quercetin + vitamin E, and Accutane + vitamin E. Administration was carried out from GD 14-21 of pregnancy. After littering, the neonates were left until PND 31 (postnatal day 31) before sacrifice. Histological analysis of hippocampal integrity, and developmental parameters in offspring (birth weight, neurobehavioral testing) were assessed. Results showed that Accutane exposure led to reduced birth weight and brain weight, along with neuronal degeneration in the hippocampal cells. Co-administration of vitamin E and quercetin significantly improved hippocampal morphology and restored neurobehavioral activity. Neurobehavioral results revealed that Accutane increased transfer latency and reduced exploratory activity, whereas combined antioxidant treatment improved behavioral performance. Offspring from the co-treated group also exhibited higher body weight and brain weights compared to the Accutane-only group. In conclusion, quercetin and vitamin E effectively counteracted Accutane-induced prenatal toxicity in the hippocampus of Wistar rats. The synergistic antioxidant action of both compounds preserved neural architecture and improved developmental outcomes, suggesting
their potential as therapeutic agents against retinoid-related neurotoxicity in pregnancy.

Isotretinoin (Accutane), a retinoid widely used for severe acne, has been reported to induce hippocampal toxicity through oxidative stress, apoptosis, and neuroinflammation, which can impair prenatal development. The hippocampus, being particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage, may contribute to learning and memory deficits when exposed to Isotretinoin during gestation. This study evaluates the protective efficacy of Vitamin E, and quercetin against Accutane-induced hippocampal toxicity in prenatal Wistar rats. Four groups were examined in this: control, Accutane only, Accutane + quercetin + vitamin E, and Accutane + vitamin E. Administration was carried out from GD 14-21 of pregnancy. After littering, the neonates were left until PND 31 (postnatal day 31) before sacrifice. Histological analysis of hippocampal integrity, and developmental parameters in offspring (birth weight, neurobehavioral testing) were assessed. Results showed that Accutane exposure led to reduced birth weight and brain weight, along with neuronal degeneration in the hippocampal cells. Co-administration of vitamin E and quercetin significantly improved hippocampal morphology and restored neurobehavioral activity. Neurobehavioral results revealed that Accutane increased transfer latency and reduced exploratory activity, whereas combined antioxidant treatment improved behavioral performance. Offspring from the co-treated group also exhibited higher body weight and brain weights compared to the Accutane-only group. In conclusion, quercetin and vitamin E effectively counteracted Accutane-induced prenatal toxicity in the hippocampus of Wistar rats. The synergistic antioxidant action of both compounds preserved neural architecture and improved developmental outcomes, suggesting their potential as therapeutic agents against retinoid-related neurotoxicity in pregnancy.

This study examines the performance of the ZigBee Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) in indoor environments, with a focus on understanding how distance and environmental obstacles influence wireless signal propagation. The research was conducted at the Faculty of Engineering, University of Benin, utilizing two ZigBee Pro S2B modules configured through XCTU software. Measurements were taken at distances ranging from 10 feet to 50 feet, under various conditions involving obstacles such as furniture, walls, and human presence. The findings indicate that RSSI values exhibit a progressive decline with increased distance and greater obstacle density. Specifically, the signal strength diminished by approximately 4 to 6 dB for every 10-foot increment, with an additional decrease of 3 to 5 dB for every two additional obstacles encountered. It was determined that walls and human presence are the most significant factors contributing to signal attenuation, due to effects related to reflection, absorption, and scattering. These results are consistent with theoretical path loss models and corroborate prior empirical studies, reinforcing the notion that the performance of ZigBee technology is significantly influenced by environmental conditions. The study concludes that ZigBee is well-suited for short-range, low-power Internet of Things (IoT) and sensor applications; however, optimal node placement and the implementation of mesh networking are critical for ensuring reliable communication in complex indoor environments. The insights derived from this research hold valuable implications for enhancing the design and deployment of wireless sensor networks in academic and smart-building contexts.

This study assessed the adoption of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) practices among real estate developers in Benin City, Nigeria, with a view to promoting sustainable property development. The study sought to examine the profiles of real estate development companies in Benin City, evaluate their extent of ESG adoption, and identify the factors influencing the implementation of ESG principles. A descriptive survey research design was adopted, and primary data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to registered real estate developers operating in Benin City. Out of 43 identified firms, 30 valid responses were obtained and analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. The findings revealed that most developers were small- to medium-sized firms primarily engaged in residential and commercial developments. The overall level of ESG adoption was moderate, with Governance practices recording the highest adoption index (Mean = 3.14), followed by Social practices (Mean = 2.98) and Environmental practices (Mean = 2.86). Governance highlighted activities such as compliance monitoring, transparency, and property audits were more widely implemented than environmental initiatives such as renewable energy adoption and green roofing systems. The study further identified management leadership and commitment, availability of finance, perceived return on investment, and corporate strategy as the most significant factors influencing ESG adoption. Regression analysis showed that institutional factors exerted the strongest influence on ESG adoption, followed by organizational and market factors, collectively explaining 52.5% of the variation in ESG implementation among developers. The study concludes that while awareness of ESG principles is growing among real estate developers in Benin City, implementation remains largely moderate and compliance driven, with environmental and social dimensions receiving less attention than governance concerns. The study recommends the development of a comprehensive ESG regulatory framework, increased access to green financing, enhanced capacity building, and the institutionalization of ESG reporting standards to improve sustainability performance within Nigeria’s real estate sector. Keywords: Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG), Real Estate Development, Sustainability, Sustainable Property Development, Governance Practices, Benin City, Nigeria.

development in Nigeria, with GDP growth rate as a proxy for economic development. Using an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model and Error Correction Mechanism (ECM), the study assesses both the short-run and long-run effects of key stock market and economic indicators, including market capitalization (MC), all-share index (ASI), inflation rate (INF), monetary policy rate (MPR), gross fixed capital formation (GFCF), and foreign direct investment (FDI). The findings reveal that the All Share This study examines the relationship between stock market performance and economic Index (ASI) has a persistent positive and significant impact on GDP growth, indicating that stock market performance plays a crucial role in economic development. Conversely, inflation (INF) and market capitalization (MC) exhibit persistent negative and significant impacts, suggesting that rising stock market values do not necessarily translate into real economic growth. Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) and foreign direct investment (FDI) have negative and insignificant effects in the short run, while FDI exhibits a positive but insignificant long-run impact. Additionally, the monetary policy rate (MPR) has a negative and insignificant short-run impact on GDP growth. The study concludes that while stock market performance is important for economic development, inflation control, efficient capital allocation, and strategic investment policies are necessary to sustain long-term growth. Policy recommendations include enhancing financial market efficiency, ensuring productive capital allocation, attracting growth-driven FDI, and implementing balanced monetary policies to support economic stability. Keywords: Stock Market, Economic Development, ARDL, Market Capitalization, Inflation, Foreign Direct Investment, Nigeria.

This study investigated the effectiveness of Aloe vera gel coatings in extending the shelf life and preserving the quality of cucumber, banana, and pepper during storage. The functional group of the experimental samples were carried out using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic (FTIR) analysis and the chemical composition of Aloe vera was determined using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC MS) whereas the physical parameters such as firmness, weight loss, odour, spoilage, and colour were evaluated, along with chemical parameters including pH, sugar content, and titratable acidity were carried out using standard methods. The results showed that fruits coated with Aloe vera gel exhibited reduced weight loss, slower firmness decline, delayed colour changes, and postponed spoilage compared to uncoated controls. Coated samples also retained higher sugar content and titratable acidity. In addition, while pH generally increased during storage, coated samples showed a lower rate of pH change compared to the controls, indicating delayed deterioration. The FTIR spectra of each fruit samples revealed similar compositions, with only slight variations in intensity. This indicates that while the Aloe vera gel preserved the fruits by forming an external protective barrier, it did not alter or interfere with their internal chemical composition. Among the treatments, the 30-minutes and 60 minutes application generally produced the most effective preservation across the three fruits. These findings highlight the potential of Aloe vera gel as an eco-friendly, natural coating for prolonging the postharvest quality of perishable fruits, thereby reducing food loss and enhancing marketability.

Gas lift remains one of the most widely applied artificial lift methods for sustaining oil production, particularly in mature wells with declining reservoir pressure. However, its efficiency strongly depends on the accurate selection of operating parameters such as injection gas rate, valve depth, and tubing size. Conventional approaches often rely on trial-and-error procedures, which are time-consuming and may lead to suboptimal performance. This study presents an integrated approach that combines artificial neural networks (ANN) and sensitivity analysis within a nodal analysis framework to optimize gas lift performance in a Niger Delta field.
A dataset of well test and production parameters was pre-processed, normalized, and used to train ANN models for predicting oil production rates under varying gas injection conditions. The model achieved a high prediction accuracy (R² > 0.95), demonstrating its robustness in capturing the nonlinear relationship between gas injection and liquid production. Sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the relative influence of injection gas rate, tubing head pressure, and valve depth on production performance. Results indicated that injection gas rate was the most significant parameter, accounting for over 60% of the observed production variability, followed by tubing head pressure.
The integration of ANN with sensitivity analysis provided clear guidelines for selecting optimal gas injection strategies that maximize production while minimizing energy costs. The study concludes that data-driven approaches can significantly improve the efficiency of gas lift optimization, offering a reliable alternative to conventional empirical and simulation-based techniques. The findings contribute to extending the economic life of mature wells in the Niger Delta and demonstrate the potential of artificial intelligence in enhancing petroleum production systems. 

This study explored consumer attitudes toward the brand reputations of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Oredo Local Government Area, Benin City. This research aimed to identify the key factors influencing consumer perceptions, assess the impact of brand reputation on trust and loyalty, and examine the roles of social media and word-of-mouth in shaping attitudes toward SMEs. To guide this investigation, the study is rooted in the theories of “Brand Equity Theory " and " Theory of Planned Behaviour.” Using a structured questionnaire distributed to 200 respondents, quantitative data were collected and analyzed using frequency distribution and descriptive statistics. The findings revealed that factors such as product and service quality, customer service, and brand consistency significantly influence how consumers perceive SME brands. The results also show that a strong brand reputation enhances consumer trust, fosters loyalty, and positively influences purchasing decisions. Social media engagement and word-of-mouth were found to be powerful tools in shaping public perception, often amplifying both positive and negative brand experiences. The study concludes that SMEs in Oredo LGA must invest strategically in building and maintaining a reputable brand image through quality delivery, customer engagement, and digital presence. Therefore, it is recommended that conducting regular brand perception surveys can help SMEs understand how they are viewed by consumers thus feedback should inform strategy and identify areas for improvement.

Flooding has been a recurring natural disaster in Nigeria, with the 2022 flood being one of the most devastating in the nation’s history. This study investigated the linguistic and discursive strategies employed in media representations of the 2022 Nigerian flood discourse, focusing on their role in shaping public perception, framing narratives, and revealing underlying ideologies. Utilising a qualitative research approach, 90 purposively selected media reports, out of which 50 excerpts were extracted and analysed, with a specific focus on those covering Delta, Edo, Kogi, Ebonyi, Anambra, Benue, Rivers, Akwa Ibom, Bayelsa and Abuja—the most severely affected regions. The study adopted Teun van Dijk’s socio-cognitive theory as its framework, emphasising the interplay between language, cognition, and societal structures. The study revealed that the media employed linguistic tools such as actor description, argumentation, and evaluation to construct narratives that project dominant ideologies, shape social identities, and highlight power dynamics. The media assigned blame, constructed authority, evoked empathy and amplified the urgency of the flood crisis through language use. These strategies influenced public perception, reinforced systemic inequalities, urged collective responsibility, and advocated proactive governance. By analysing the linguistic elements and socio-cognitive dimensions of the flood discourse, this study contributed to the field of critical discourse analysis by demonstrating how language was used to frame societal crises and influence public discourse. It underscored the importance of language as a tool for critiquing, shaping, and mobilising responses to disasters in a way that aligned with Nigeria's complex sociopolitical landscape.