ANATOMY

Nickel chloride is known for its neurotoxicity and its exposure poses significant threat to the cerebrum, an essential brain organ for a lot of human day to day activities. This study investigates the neuroprotective effects of vitamin B6 on the cerebral integrity in nickel chloride exposed Wistar rats. After acclimatization for 14 days, fourty-one rats were weighed and divided to six groups of (n = 7). Group A (control) was administered 1ml of distilled water. Group B (NiCl2) was administered 5mg/kg body weight (BW) of Nickel chloride only. Group C (Citicoline-1) was administered 25mg/kg BW of vitamin B6 only. Group D (Citicoline-2) was administered 50mg/kg BW of vitamin B6 only. Group E (NiCl2+ Citicoline-1) was administered 25mg/kg BW of vitamin B6 and 5mg/kg BW of Nickel chloride. Group F (NiCl2 + Citicoline-2) was administered 50mg/kg BW of vitamin B6 and 5mg/kg BW of Nickel chloride.

Calabar stone is also known as poto in English is a clay held in a belt-like textile material that is wrapped around the waist and eaten as desired, frequently without water. This study aims to determine the effect of calabar stone on the testis of adult male Wistar rats. Twenty (20) rats were divided into four groups (A-D). Group A served as the control group and the animals were given regular feed and water. Group B served as low dose group and the animals were given 100mg/kg of dissolved calabash chalk along with regular feed and water. Group C served as medium dose group and it animals received 200mg/kg of dissolved calabash chalk along with regular feed. Group D served as the high dose group and the animals were administered with 400mg/kg of dissolved calabash chalk as well as regular food and water. All animals were sacrificed on the??? day. Body weight change and testicular weight index were determined. Testicular tissues were collected for assessment of sperm morphology as well as haematoxylin and eosin staining. Body weight increased in all groups from the initial mean weight of 171.5g, though significantly (P<0.05) only in group C. Testicular weight significantly increased (P<0.05) in group B. A significant increase (P<0.05) was also observed in the testicular index for animals in group B. There was no statistically significant change (P<0.05) in the sperm morphology across all groups. H&E staining revealed mild leydig cell hyperplasia across all groups which are a possible evidence of testicular tumour that appear in about 3% of the general population. Increased luminal diameter was seen in group D animals which suggested spermiation. It can be concluded that Calabar Chalk has no significant effect on the testes.

This study comprehensively examines the phytochemical composition and physiological effects of Glycine Max extract on Wistar rats, shedding light on its potential therapeutic applications. Through qualitative analysis, the extract was found to contain a diverse array of phytochemicals, including reducing sugars, saponins, flavonoids, phenolics, eugenols, terpenoids, alkaloids, and proteins. Three (3) groups (A-C) of six (6) each were created from the eighteen (18) juvenile Wistar rats (PND 42) that ranged in weight from 35g to 69.5g and were the offspring of DAMS. Group A served as the reference point (control) while B and C were the therapy groups, 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of Glycine max aqueous extract, respectively, were administered to them as treatment. With the aid of an orogastric tube, the DAMS was fed orally for the duration of its four-week treatment. At the conclusion of six (6) weeks, the juveniles were fed, weighed, and slaughtered. Detailed physiological assessments, including animal weights and organ weights, were conducted, revealing dose-dependent changes in body mass and
relative organ weights. Histological analysis of tissue samples provided insights into the extract's impact on tissue morphology and integrity. Furthermore, antioxidant activity was evaluated through assays measuring catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and malondialdehyde levels, indicating the extract's potential to modulate oxidative stress pathways. The findings underscore the multifaceted biochemical and physiological effects of Glycine Max extract, suggesting its promising role as a therapeutic agent. Further investigation is warranted to elucidate its mechanisms of action and explore its clinical applications in treating various pathological conditions.

An Experimental Study in Adult Wistar Rats Metal poisoning and its impact on human health have increased due to industrialization and anthropogenic activities. This study aims to investigate the effect of glycine on cadmium-induced gastric damage in adult Wistar rats. Thirty rats were divided into six groups, including control, cadmium only, glycine only, and combinations of cadmium and glycine. Various biochemical markers were assessed, including oxidative stress indicators (SOD, MDA, CAT) and total protein. Histological analyses were performed on stomach tissues. Cadmium administration led to reduced body weight and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, indicating oxidative damage. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decreased, revealing compromised antioxidant defenses. However, catalase activity was largely unaffected by cadmium. Interestingly, glycine administration showed positive effects. It attenuated cadmium-induced MDA increase, maintained glutathione levels, and improved SOD activity. It also increased total protein levels. Histological observations demonstrated that cadmium induced inflammatory responses, muscle degeneration, and congestion in the stomach. Glycine treatment mitigated these effects, leading to near-normal tissue architecture. This study demonstrates that cadmium exposure can lead to oxidative stress and cellular damage, while glycine supplementation can exert a gastro-ameliorative effect by enhancing antioxidant defenses, maintaining glutathione levels, and mitigating histological alterations. These findings offer insight into the potential therapeutic benefits of glycine against cadmium-induced gastric damage. Glycine's availability and safety make it a promising avenue for further research and development of affordable gastro-ameliorative interventions