2024

The study investigated teacher's perception on the Causes of Failure of Students in Biology in Secondary Schools in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, two research questions and one null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Descriptive survey study research design was adopted by the study. The population of this study consisted of all Biology teachers in the thirteen (13) public secondary schools in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State. The number of teachers for this study is made up of thirty (30). The sample for the study was 30 Biology teachers from ten (13) randomly selected public secondary schools. The purposive sampling technique was adopted by the study to select the entire thirty (30) Biology teachers to make up the sample for the study. A structured questionnaire titled: "Teachers' Perception of the Causes of Failure of Students in Biology Questionnaire" (POTBQ) was used for data collection. The instrument was validated by three experts, the researchers' supervisor and two experts in Department of Curriculum and Instructional Technology, University of Benin, Benin City. Their opinions, suggestions and recommendations of these experts was used to produce the final instrument. The questionnaire were personally administered to all the respondents in the various schools after due permission was obtained from the principals. This was done in collaboration with the help of the subject teachers in the school who assisted with the distribution and collection of the questionnaire. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequency, mean (x), and standard deviation (SD). Frequency, mean and standard deviation was used to answer the research questions. The study found that Inadequate training of teachers affects students' performance and there are no adequate instructional materials for the teaching and learning of Biology and in most school the teachers do not make use of instructional materials. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended amongst others: The government should put into consideration professional training and qualifications of teachers during employment to ensure better outcomes during examinations. With this, only teachers with professional qualifications should be employed to teach Biology in our Secondary Schools.

The process of enzymatic hydrolysis of cassava bagasse is a potentially effective method of producing biofuel, as cellulase and pectinase are essential for the conversion of biomass. The goal of this work was to compare the hydrolysis effectiveness of cellulase in isolation and in combination with pectinase over a range of time periods (6 and 24 hours). Separately, under controlled conditions, cassava bagasse was used to incubate both cellulase alone and the cellulasepectinase combo. The yield of fermentable sugars was determined by analyzing the resultant hydrolysates, which gave information about how well each combination of enzymes worked. In the first six hours, the yields of cellulase by itself were higher than those of the cellulasepectinase combination. This is explained by the greater starting activity of cellulase in hydrolyzing cellulose, the main ingredient in cassava bagasse. But compared to cellulase alone, the cellulasepectinase combination showed better hydrolysis efficiency over the longer 24-hour period, producing more fermentable sugars. Pectinase was added to help break down pectin barriers, which improved cellulase access to cellulose fibers and eventually raised hydrolysis efficiency. These findings emphasize the significance of reaction time and enzyme synergy in biomass conversion processes. The combination of pectinase and cellulase maximizes the yield of fermentable sugars from cassava bagasse over extended periods of time, despite the fact that cellulase alone may produce larger initial yields. By providing insightful information on how to best utilize enzymatic hydrolysis processes for producing biofuel, this work advances the creation of efficient and sustainable bioenergy technology.

The study was carried out to determine “assessing the influence of technology and culture on secondary school students interest in mathematics. Four research questions was raised to guide this study, How does technology influence students interest in Mathematics? How do cultural factors influence students’ interest in Mathematics? How does cultural factors influence students attitude in mathematics? Does technology influenced students’ attitude to mathematics? the main purpose of the study is is to assess the influence of Technology and culture on Secondary school students interest in Mathematics. Find out the extent use of manipulative improve students attitude towards mathematics learning. The population of this study consist two thousand seven hundred and sixty (2760) SSII students from the 14 public senior secondary schools in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State. The sample for this study consisted of 338 students selected from a total of Fourteen (14) public Secondary schools located in the Egor Local Government Area. The following were recommended; Incorporate Educational Games: Schools should integrate more educational mathematics games to make learning fun and engaging. Utilize Interactive Platforms: Tools like Code.org and interactive simulations should be widely adapted to aid in concept visualization and collaborative learning. Leverage Educational Software: Implement educational software and online whiteboards to create dynamic and stimulating learning environments. Emphasize Cultural Support: Encourage 8 family and community involvement in students’ mathematical education to reinforce positive attitudes and perseverance. Personalized Learning Tools: Schools should provide personalized learning paths and diagnostic assessments to cater to individual student needs and strengths.

Fungal infections are major hazards to crop health and yield in agricultural settings. This study investigates into how well salicylic acid and methyljasmonate work to lessen the negative effects of fungal pathogen exposure on oil palm seedlings. The effects of these phytohormones on the production of important plant biomolecules and antioxidants, such as carotenoids, lycopene, ascorbic acid, total sugar, proline, and vitamins A and E, was accessed by thorough investigation. The results show that when oil palm seedlings are exposed to fungal infections, their levels of significant plant compounds and antioxidants significantly decrease. Nevertheless, the utilization of salicylic acid and methyljasmonate exhibits an impressive ability to mitigate these deleterious consequences. In particular, both phytohormones efficiently promote the synthesis of vital biomolecules, preserve or increase antioxidant and vitamin levels, and reduce lipid peroxidation brought by fungal pathogen challenge. These findings highlight the phytohormones' potential as long-term and efficient tools in farming methods meant to lessen the negative effects of fungal infections on crop quality and productivity. Innovative crop protection and management techniques for oil palm farming can be developed with important insights from an understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective actions of salicylic acid and methyljasmonate.

This study examined rural development as a means of combating rural–urban migration in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria. The increasing movement of people from rural communities to urban centers has become a major socio-economic challenge, resulting in population pressure in cities and underdevelopment in rural areas. The study aimed to investigate the causes of rural–urban migration, assess the level of rural development in the study area, and evaluate how the provision of basic amenities and economic opportunities can reduce migration tendencies among rural residents.
The study adopted a survey research design. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and relevant secondary sources from respondents selected through a simple random sampling technique. The findings revealed that inadequate infrastructure, limited employment opportunities, poor healthcare services, insufficient educational facilities, and low agricultural productivity are major factors driving rural inhabitants to migrate to urban centers. The study further found that effective rural development initiatives, including the provision of roads, electricity, potable water, healthcare facilities, quality education, and agricultural support programs, can significantly improve living standards and discourage excessive migration.
The study concluded that sustainable rural development remains a viable strategy for reducing rural–urban migration and promoting balanced national development. It recommended increased government investment in rural infrastructure, empowerment of rural farmers and entrepreneurs, improved access to social services, and active community participation in development planning and implementation. These measures would enhance rural livelihoods, create employment opportunities, and contribute to the overall socio-economic development of the region.

Elections are fundamental to democratic governance, but they often generate disputes arising from competing political interests, ideologies, and perceptions of injustice. In Nigeria, the management of post-election disputes has remained a significant challenge, with litigation increasingly facing criticism regarding its effectiveness in resolving electoral conflicts. This study examines the impact of the Nigerian judiciary on post-election litigation between 2000 and 2023. The research explores the nature, causes, and patterns of electoral disputes, as well as the role of the judiciary in adjudicating election petitions and maintaining electoral justice. Using a doctrinal and analytical approach, the study reviews relevant electoral laws, judicial decisions, legal literature, and institutional practices relating to election dispute resolution in Nigeria. Findings reveal that electoral disputes are largely driven by electoral malpractice, political interference, abuse of state resources, corruption, ethnic and partisan interests, electoral violence, and perceived deficiencies in electoral administration. While the judiciary has played a critical role in resolving electoral disputes and safeguarding democratic processes, concerns remain regarding delays in adjudication, inconsistent judgments, allegations of judicial bias, and declining public confidence in election litigation outcomes. The study concludes that despite its challenges, the judiciary remains a vital institution for the peaceful resolution of electoral disputes and the preservation of democratic stability in Nigeria. It recommends reforms aimed at strengthening judicial independence, improving the efficiency of election tribunals, enhancing electoral integrity, and promoting public trust in the electoral justice system.

Sex education is described as education about human sexual anatomy, sexual reproduction, sexual intercourse, reproductive health, emotional relations, reproductive rights and responsibilities, abstinence, contraception, family planning, body image, sexual orientation, sexual pleasure, values, decision making, communication, dating, relationships, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and how to avoid them, and birth control methods. Foucault (1986) asserts that, individualistic attitude is characterized by the absolute value attributed to individual’s singularity and by the degree of independence conceded to him vis-à-vis the group and institution he is answerable to; that is, the way a person behaves will depend largely on what he values, the amount of freedom he is allowed and what the society expects of him.

Sex education plays a vital role in equipping adolescents with accurate information and life skills necessary for making informed decisions regarding their sexual and reproductive health. This study examined the knowledge and attitude towards the teaching of sex education among secondary school students in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to assess students’ level of knowledge of sex education, determine their attitudes towards its teaching in schools, and identify factors influencing their perceptions.
A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. Data were collected from selected secondary school students using a structured questionnaire designed to obtain information on demographic characteristics, knowledge of sex education, and attitudes towards its teaching. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations.
The findings revealed that a majority of the students possessed a moderate to high level of knowledge regarding sex education and recognized its importance in promoting healthy lifestyles, preventing sexually transmitted infections, reducing teenage pregnancy, and fostering responsible sexual behavior. The study also found that most respondents exhibited a positive attitude towards the inclusion and teaching of sex education in secondary schools. However, cultural beliefs, religious values, parental influence, and societal perceptions were identified as factors affecting students’ acceptance and understanding of sex education.
The study concluded that effective sex education is essential for enhancing adolescents’ awareness of reproductive health issues and encouraging responsible decision-making. It recommends that sex education be adequately incorporated into the secondary school curriculum and delivered by trained educators using age-appropriate and culturally sensitive approaches. Increased collaboration among schools, parents, health professionals, and policymakers is also recommended to improve the effectiveness of sex education programs among adolescents.

The development of a Cloud-based Healthcare Information System (CHIS) is a significant project aimed at creating a scalable and reliable cloud computing system to optimize clinical outcomes and improve patient care. The project covers the entire software development lifecycle, including requirements gathering, system design, implementation, testing, and deployment. Key features of the system include user authentication, patient management, electronic health records (EHR), appointment scheduling, interoperability, telemedicine capabilities, data analytics, and security measures. Technologies such as HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript, React.js, Angular.js, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, Java, Python, and Node.js are used in the system's development. Cloud computing platforms like Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Microsoft Azure, and Amazon Web Services (AWS) are utilized for hosting. Furthermore, the system uses containerization technologies such as Docker and Kubernetes for more effective deployment and management of application components. Standards and procedures from the healthcare sector, including Health Level Seven (HL7) and Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR), are incorporated to ensure flexibility, compatibility, and integrity. Security measures such as access restrictions, audit trails, encryption, and compliance with mandates like the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) are implemented.

This project involves the design and fabrication of a 1KVa solar inverter, which converts DC power from solar panels to AC power for household and industrial applications. The inverter is designed to operate at a high efficiency, with a minimum of 90% efficiency. The project also involves the development of a control system to regulate the output voltage and frequency of the inverter. Various efforts have been made to address this challenge, but existing alternatives, such as diesel generators, have proven to be inefficient, expensive, and environmentally unfriendly. They require frequent fueling, maintenance, and replacement of parts, while also contributing to pollution. The capacity of an inverter system depends on the specific application and the power requirements of the appliances being used. In this context, we are focusing on a domestic inverter system with a maximum capacity of 5KVA (4000 watts), designed to provide backup power during outages and serve as a primary source of energy when the national grid is unavailable.