2024

Diabetes is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia or elevated blood sugar proven to be a major health problem. This study was aimed at evaluating in vitro inhibitory activities of methanol, n-hexane, dichloromethane, and aqueous extracts of Canavalia ensiformis seed on alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase at varying concentrations. Extraction of methanol, n-hexane, dichloromethane and aqueous extracts of Canavalia ensiformis seed was carried out in this study. Phytochemical screening of the extracts of Canavalia ensiformis seed was carried out using standard methods. Dichloromethane and n- hexane extracts of Canavalia ensiformis seed were used for GC-MS analysis. Five different concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80, 100µg/ml) of each extract were used in this experiment. The standard drug acarbose was prepared using the same concentration range. The alpha amylase inhibition assay showed that the methanol with IC50 value of 13.03 µg/mL was the most potent in inhibiting alpha amylase while for the alpha glucosidase inhibition assay it was the aqueous extract with IC50 value of 43.78 µg/mL when compared to the other extracts. The Phytochemical screening results of methanol, n-hexane, dichloromethane and aqueous extracts of C. ensiformis seed revealed the presence of starch, glycosides, terpenoids, saponins, alkaloids, and phenols. GC-MS analysis of dichloromethane extract showed the presence of anti-diabetic compounds such as n-Hexadecanoic acid, 3-Eicosene and p-xylene. The results obtained in this study indicate that the extract of the C. ensiformis possesses alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase inhibitory activities, thus supporting the traditional use of C. ensiformis seed extract by traditional healers for management of type II diabetes. In addition, the alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase activities of C. ensiformis seed extracts observed in this study, may be one of the mechanisms of action of the seed in reducing elevated blood glucose levels as observed in diabetes mellitus.

This study was carried out to determine the genotoxic effects of varying treatments of non- alcoholic beverage industrial effluent on the expression of juvenile Clarias gariepinus genes. Tissue samples were extracted from juvenile C. gariepinus gills followed by RNA isolation, quantification and normalization of the isolated RNA, synthesis of complementary DNA, and agarose gel electrophoresis.

The supply of electricity is essential for supporting academic operations in universities, especially in a time when technology and digital education are indispensable to learning. This research investigates how electricity disruptions affect academic operations at the University of Benin, concentrating on students, faculty, and administrative personnel. Data were gathered through structured questionnaires. The results indicate that frequent power failures significantly disrupt lecture delivery, research efforts, access to online educational resources, and administrative activities. Students find it difficult to complete assignments and study efficiently, while instructors and researchers encounter difficulties in preparing course materials and conducting virtual learning. The research also underscores the coping strategies employed by stakeholders, such as dependence on generators, inverters, and alternative study options off-campus. Even with these adjustments, electricity interruptions continue to pose a significant challenge to academic productivity. The research suggests improving power infrastructure, investing in alternative energy resources, and strategic policies to reduce the adverse effects of electricity disconnections on academic activities.

The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge of health effects of substance use amongst the youths in Ovia North East Local Government area. In view of this three research questions were raised to guide the study and various literature were reviewed in the study. The research design that is adopted for this study is descriptive survey design. This design is used in the study where the researcher does not have control of the variables and as such could not manipulate them because they had already occurred before the desire to conduct the research became evident. The population of the study consist of youths in Ovia North East Local Government area. The sample size for the study will be two hundred (200) youths in Ovia North East Local Government area. Convenience sampling technique was used to select to select the respondents in the study. The research instrument that was used for this study is a self-constructed Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using frequencies, percentages and mean statistics. Data generated were analyzed with the aid of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. It was discovered that, in terms of knowledge of the health effects of substance use is high. However, the adequate knowledge regarding the health effects of substance use did not prevent them from quitting its use. Majority of the respondents know that headache, hand tremor , accident, disease of the lung and premature death are the physical effect of drug abuse. It shows that majority of the respondents have high knowledge of the physical health effects of drug abuse. Majority of the respondents know that emotional problem, increased aggression, inability to sleep, mental illness and poor concentration are the psychological health effects of drug abuse. Majority of the respondents know that alter family relationship, poor academic performance , unprotected premarital sex, make one violent and affect ones finance are the social health effects of drug abuse. Thus majority of the respondents have high knowledge of social health effects of drug abuse.Based on the conclusion of the study, the researcher recommended

This paper examine the level of application of information and communication technology for academic activities by the undergraduate of the university of Benin. Survey method was adopted to carefully collect data from 402 respondents in the University of Benin through three stages using the simple random, stratified and simple sampling procedure. The study anchored on the technological determinism and diffusion of innovation theories. The rationale behind the study is to find out whether students have access to ICT tools and the impact it have on students, ascertaining the most commonly use ICT gadgets and the challenges encountered in utilising such tools and to determine the usage expertises. Findings show that undergraduate students of UNIBEN have access to ICTs gadgets especially smart phones which remains the most commonly accessible ICTs, however data subscription, and poor Internet connection remain the highest hindrances to the operation of ICT as it was discovered that many could not access or possess the necessary ICT of their choices such as laptops due to financial hindrances and this have a negative effect on the academic performance of undergraduate students of UNIBEN academically and socially. Findings also reveal that Internet remains the most visited students zoom when preparing for exams whereas ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) also gained momentum through the Internet as few or average percentage still leverage on textbooks and handouts materials. However, it was discovered that the university lacks proper infrastructure specifically loaded with ICTs gadget. Those that answers the availability of ICTs in their department express clear responses of it ineffectiveness. Findings also show that students, though have good operational intelligence, expertise of ICTs tools, yet, lacks good and balanced managerial intelligence as students spent much time on social media, gratifying self for pleasure. This affects the academic performance in no little measures. To this end, the study recommend that institutions should pay more attention to the development of ICT and flow with ICT trends. Also, free WiFi should be made available to aid Internet connectivity and more ICTs infrastructure should be considered with urgent response and attention. In conclusion, ICT user must take precautions measure to guide against addition to social media and the internet as this will have negative influence in their academics.

This study analysed Benin City Residents Attitudes Towards Nollywood Portrayal of Divorce Cases in Nigeria. The study was built around the tenets of Agenda setting and Media Dependency theory of mass communication. Survey research method was employed in the course of this study and questionaires were used as primary instrument of data collection for this study. Two hundred and forty (240) copies of questionaires were physically administered to respondents within Benin City, Edo state. This was aided by the purposive Sampling technique. Also, Focused Group Discussion were used to support facts in this study. A group of six (6) undergraduates of the University of Benin selected from two (2) departments Viz mass communication, Early childhood Education. The study found out that Nollywood movies that feature divorce contents have negative impacts on members of the society. Although, the producers may have had a different agenda, but the contents of such movies are usually misinterpreted in a negative light by members of the society. Since " seeing is believing" as members of the society are constantly exposed to divorce contents. Overtime, it becomes a reality in most marriages in our contemporary society. Divorce has done more harm than good to our modern society, hence Nollywood movies ( or the Nigeria film industry) ought to sensitize members of the society on the dangers of divorce on members of the society instead or aiding and abetting it in any way. The media (film in this case) is a powerful influencer that can either make or mar any society, hence the contents of Nollywood movies should be properly seasoned instead of tearing more marriages apart it should mend broken and fix broken marriages instead of encouraging people to opt for divorce at the slightest provocation. A sane marriage is a sane family and a sane family is a sane society. If the family is at peace, the society will be haven to live in. The study recommends that Government should promulgate enabling laws that restrains extreme feminists agenda due to its negative influence on members of the society, and they should also enact stern laws that prohibits domestic violence since it is a major cause of divorce in Nigeria and culprits should be punished so as to serve as deterrent to others. The study also recommended that Nollywood movies should feature less of divorce contents due to its negative impacts on members of the society. In the same vein, this study also examined the impact of celebrities failed marriages as a key actor in promoting divorce rates in Nigeria, hence this study also recommended that celebrities should put in more efforts in making their marriages a world class model considering the influence they weild on members of the society who look up to them as role models.

This paper documents an investigation of the impact of climate change on global and regional water resources in Nigeria using Egor local government area as case study. The aim of this study is to comprehensively examine the impacts of climate change on water demand in Nigeria, and to understand specific challenges that climatic changes cause to our water as well as recommending adaptive strategies for sustainable water resource management. Primary climatic data (Rainfall and Temperature) for Nigeria were collected from the Nigeria Meteorological Station, Lagos between 1960 and 2002. Changes in Lake Chad waters were collected from the National Centre for Remote Sensing (NCRS), Jos. World temperature and water resources data were collected from different sources. The data were analysed using percentages and time series among others. The result shows that the atmospheric concentration of most greenhouse gases (GHGs) is increasing and this has resulted to changing global climate with increasing temperature. The rise in global average temperatures since 1860 now exceeds 0.6℃. The effect of the Green House Gas concentration on global warming as at 2100 is estimated by three scenarios to be 1.5℃ (Low), 2.5℃ (Middle) and 4.5℃ (High). In Nigeria, while rainfall has decreased by 92 mm, temperature increased by 0.8℃ since 1960. This has led to increasing evapotranspiration and water stress resulting in the drying up of rivers and lakes. For example, Lake Chad has reduced in size from 22902 km2 in 1963 to 16884 km2 in 1972 and 304 km2 in 2000. While climate change will make some countries to experience increase in water resources, majority will face serious water stress. Based on projection, by the 2080s, most countries in the Middle East, around the Mediterranean, part of Europe, North and South Africa will face acute water stress while Southern and Eastern Asia, U.S.A. and Alaska will experience reduction in water stress. Some recommendations were made to reverse this ugly situation.

BACKGROUND: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a prevalent sexually transmitted infection with specific high-risk strains associated with cervical cancer, which is the second most common cancer among women in Nigeria. Despite the availability of vaccines like Gardasil and Cervarix, HPV vaccination has yet to be fully integrated into the National Immunization Schedule.Expanding access and coverage is crucial to reducing HPV-related disease burden. This research work gives insight into the importance of HPV vaccination, improving HPV vaccination uptake and its potential impact on public health. OBJECTIVES: This research work assessed the knowledge, uptake, barriers and measures that promote HPV vaccination among undergraduates in the University of Benin. METHODOLOGY:Adescriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 569 respondents from the School of Medicine, University of Benin using stratified sampling technique. Relevant data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. The collected data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 26, with level of significance set at p < 0.05.RESULTS: The mean age in this study was 21.29 ± 2.6, with more females 288(50.6%) than males 281(49.4%). Majority (76.8%) had heard of HPV, 69.8% had heard of the HPV vaccine,but only 5% had received it. Significant factors associated with knowledge of the HPV vaccine were gender and academic level, with females (p=0.001), and 200-level students (p<0.001) demonstrating greater awareness. Regarding uptake, age was a significant factor, with respondents aged 16-19 showing better uptake than those aged 20-26 (p=0.005). Key barriers to vaccine uptake were lack of awareness (31.3%), sexual inactivity (20.4%), and logistical issues like inaccessibility of the vaccine (27.4%) and cost (12.5%). Promoting vaccination could be achieved through increased access to vaccines via university health centers (90.7%), incentives (90.0%), and student-led campaigns (84.5%). CONCLUSION: While knowledge of HPV is relatively high, actual vaccine uptake remains very low among undergraduates due to misconception, cost and logistical challenges. Improving vaccination rates require education, logistical support and incentives. Enhanced health campaigns and university-based programs can greatly increase vaccine uptake. Keywords: Human Papillomavirus, HPV vaccine, knowledge, barriers, undergraduates, vaccine uptake

Many elderly individuals face challenges in remembering to take their medications as prescribed, which often leads to health problems. This paper presents the design and implementation of a medical reminder system tailored specifically for the elderly. This system aims to address the challenges faced by the elderly population in adhering to complex medication regimens and timely appointments. The proposed system leverages a combination of hardware and software components to provide timely reminders, medication management features, and emergency contact capabilities. The hardware components include a user-friendly interface, a robust communication module, and sensors for monitoring vital signs. The software component encompasses a user-friendly interface, a comprehensive medication management system, and a secure communication platform. The system is designed to be easily customizable to accommodate individual needs and preferences, ensuring its adaptability to diverse elderly populations. The evaluation of the system demonstrates its effectiveness in improving medication adherence, reducing medication errors, and enhancing overall healthcare management for the elderly.

The essence of this project lies in the creation of a prototype that serves as an educational tool, offering a tangible insight into the world of offshore logistics. This Prototype, a scaled- down version of a platform supply vessel (PSV), is designed to mimic the functionalities of a real PSV. The Highlight of this educational resource is its physical design. The prototype features a distinctive hull design and bow shape, mirroring that of a real PSV. These elements not only add to its visual appeal but also play a crucial role in optimizing performance. Thus, this prototype stands as a unique innovation in the realm of educational resources for offshore logistics.