2021

The research is an assessment of the delivery of low income housing in Nigeria, it analyzes the prospect and challenges of delivery of low income housing in Nigeria and intends to proffer recommendations toward an efficient delivery of low income housing in Nigeria

Antibiotics resistance is an emerging problem worldwide which can develop as a result of antibiotics misuse by humans or overuse in animal feeding and treatment. This study was aimed at investigating the prevalence of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. and study the antibiotic resistance pattern of isolates. a total of 40 samples were collected from four different markets namely; Okha, Santana, Oba and Ekiosa markets in Benin City and were analysed using standard microbiological methods for the investigation. Results from the investigation showed that E. coli and Salmonella spp were present in almost all of the samples. The Total Aerobic Count showed that Santana market (5.97±0.53 cfu/g) had the highest average count whereas the lowest average count was observed in Ekiosa market (4.29±0.49cfu/g). The total E. coli count on Eosin-Methylene Blue Agar showed that the highest E. coli count was observed in samples taken from Ekiosa market (1.93±0.38 cfu/g), whereas, the lowest was observed in samples collected from Oba market (1.69±0.40 cfu/g). The Total Salmonella count on Salmonella-Shigella Agar showed that Oba market (2.502±0.32 cfu/g) had the highest count while Ekiosa market (1.073±0.22 cfu/g) had the lowest count. Based on the number of samples collected from each market the prevalence rate shows that E. coli was isolated from 25% of the samples collected while Salmonella was isolated from 45% of the samples collected. The antibiotics resistance pattern showed that all E. coli isolates were resistant to cefixime, augumentin, nitrofurantion and cefuroxime, while all Salmonella isolates were resistant to cefixime, augumentin, ceftazidime and cefuroxime. Monitoring of antimicrobial resistance in E. coli and Salmonella spp. isolates is valuable for epidemiological uses and for monitoring the increase of antimicrobial resistance among different microbial species.

This study is designed to give an explicit elaboration of the ethnographic background, women role played in conflict resolution, social economic foundation and traditional system contributing to the community of when Okada region local government of Edo state. The study shall begin with a proper introduction of the people of Uhen communities and traces of its origin in the ancient Benin Kingdom in history. The study underscores the law and customs of Uhen people backed up with that of the general traditions of Bini people, in the areas of family and marriages, social groups and along the rest of body research in the rest chapter, a self-report questionnaire based on oral
evidence are designed to be used in the study which is adopted in such sensitive area concerning the role played by women in conflict resolution socially within family unit and with conclusion to finalize the documented research.

In some advanced countries, property tax is seen as a major source of revenue, this is not the case in Nigeria. The main aim of this study was to examine the willingness of property owners to pay property tax in Benin City. Specific objectives were to ascertain the level of awareness of property tax by residents; determine the percentage of property owners that pay property tax; determine the correlation between respondents’ awareness of property tax and their compliance; and ascertain the significance of the relationship between public governance quality and property tax compliance. The hypothesis was also proposed namely: property tax payers’ compliance has no significant relationship with laws made by the government that is seen to provide citizens with basic amenities. A combination of stratified sampling technique and simple random sampling technique was used to administer questionnaires to 400 respondents in Benin City. Simple percentage, Likert’s scale analysis, Pearson Product Correlation technique, and chi-square test were deployed in data analyses and interpretation. The result showed that majority of the sampled respondents 56% were male while 44% were female while majority of the respondents 220 (55%) were also married. It was also found that majority of respondents (80%) were aware of the existence of property tax and just 55% of them had paid. The study also showed that there is a moderately positive relation between property tax compliance and property tax awareness, with a correlation coefficient of 0.58. At 95% level of confidence, it was established that there is significant relationship between government transparency and property tax compliance. Also that public governance quality in general promotes willingness to comply
with property tax by property owners. It was recommended that government must provide public services such as security, good roads that satisfy the expectations of the property owners; that the government should engage in enlightenment campaigns concerning what property tax is; and that the government should be transparent about how revenue acquired through property tax is spent as this would motivate and cause the property owners to be willing to pay property tax.

The study is aimed at determining the effects of some selected drying method on the nutritional quality of Apple Watersnail (Lanistis libycus) purchased at Ikpoba hill market One hundred and Fifty (150) Apple snail (Lanistis libycus) specimen was obtained from a fish seller and taken to the Faculty of Agriculture processing unit where processing was carried out using some selected methods. They were slaughtered, removed from the shell to collect the meat and discard the shell. They were weighed before been spiced and then dried using the different processing method (sun drying, smoked drying and oven drying).They were then taken to the lab for analysis. Statistical analysis using Genstat computersoftware was used to compute the result for proximate composition. The result from this study will assist in determining the most appropriate method of processing with regards to nutrient availability and amount of moisture content hence the method that has the best rate of preservation.

This study assessed the Roles Biology Practical Play on the academic performance of students offering Biology. The study was carried out in Ikpoba-Okha local government area of Edo state. Three research questions guided the study. The design of the study was survey research design. A sample of two hundred and ten (210) students drawn from three (3) public secondary schools located in Ikpoba-Okha Local Government Area of Edo State was used for the study. The instrument used was a questionnaire developed by the researcher. The questionnaire was validated by the researcher’s supervisor and two other lecturers. The data generated was interpreted using simple percentage statistical analysis. The study concludes amongst others that, all the sampled school respondents were in one accord in supporting the fact that, they do not have microscopes in the laboratory in their school. The study also concludes that there, is no electricity, Laboratory materials and up – to – date Laboratory apparatus. The study further concludes that; public secondary schools in Ikpoba Okha Local Government Area lacks adequate laboratory facility

This study analyses the relationship between the online clearance system (Independent variable) and waiting lines (dependent variable). The study employed the use of the primary data administering questionnaire to correspondents of the first year students in Faculty of Management Sciences. In order to determine the reliability and validity of the result, Method of data analysis covering descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, Measure of Operation and technical analysis. A chi-test was conducted and the interpretation and discussion of results follow.From the chi-test analysis, it could be confirmed that there exists a positive linear relationship between Student’s psychology and manual ways of registering students. The analysis also showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between Student’s psychology and delayed time of waiting. The analysis showed there exists a positive relationship between The Clearance Effectiveness and the Manual ways of registering students. The study recommends the school management should eliminate physical clearance and conduct her clearance online, alongside equipping the clearance officers’ in training that will increase their efficiency and work performance

Medicinal plants are plants that generally contain constituents that have been found useful for the treatment and management of both animal and human diseases. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder resulting from a defect in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. This present work determined the ameliorative effect of the histopathological changes in Streptozotocin-Induced diabetic rats. Male wistar rats were purchased of age (16weeks), kept in clean and serene cages and left to acclimatize for two weeks and were fed with normal poultry feed before inducing them with Streptozotocin according to their weight and were divided into 7 groups and were administered treatment using Metformin, crude extract, ethyl acetate of 200mg and 400mg respectively. From the histopathological studies of the liver, it showed that the control group had hepatocytes and central vein organized, orderly and patterns are regular. The negative control group showed periportal hepatitis, inflammation of the hepatocytes and zonal necrosis while the group treated using Metformin showed a little improvement but there was still portal hepatitis and necrosis. When 200mg of the crude extract was administered, necrosis was reduced, inflammation persisted but mild. 400mg of the crude extract ameliorated the disease, no inflammation, no congestion, no necrosis, fine hepatocytes, Sinosoids were seen properly and Kupffer cells were activated. 200mg ethyl acetate tried in ameliorating the effects of the Streptozotocin damage. Small inflammation was observed, small congestion was observed , necrosis were really reduced and there was Kupffer cell activation too. 400mg ethyl acetate was administered and the inflammation though mild became more obvious compared to the 200mg of ethyl acetate which did a better job at ameliorating the effects of the Streptozotocin. The bile ducts were obvious and no congestion was observed.

Plants have shown immense contribution to man’s nutrition as they are also used for medicinal purposes. There is a need to develop alternative antimicrobial drugs for the treatment of infectious diseases, microorganisms are rapidly developing resistance to the available once. Hence, the leaf of Dacryodes edulis (African pear) was analyzed for its phytochemical and anti-bacterial properties on clinical bacteria isolates Klebsiella sp., Proteus sp. and Escherichia coli. Samples of leaf were obtained from Okhoro community in- Benin metropolis, dried, blended into powder and macerated using sterile distilled water and methanol as solvent. Antibacterial assay was carried out via Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Findings from this research showed that Dacryodes edulis leaf aqueous extract was active against Klebsiella sp. with a mean zone of inhibition (ZOI) of 8.00±0.00mm across all concentrations (12.5, 25, 50 and 100 µg/ml). Proteus sp. and E. coli had mean ZOI of 8 ±0.70mm at 12.5µg/ml and at 100µg/ml the ZOI was 10 ±0.28mm and 12 ±0.14mm respectively. Methanol extract was only active to Proteus sp and Klebsiella sp with a mean ZOI of 8 ±0.00mm at 12.5µg/ml and 25µg/ml respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of aqueous extract against all isolates is 12.5µg/ml and it was bactericidal to only E.coli at a concentration of 50µg/ml. Methanolic extract had a MIC of less than 12.5µg/ml for Proteus sp and 12.5µg/ml for Klebsiella sp. The MBC was 12.5 and 50 µg/ml for Proteus sp and Klebsiella sp respectively. All test organisms were resistant to all standard antibiotics used. They were susceptible to gentamycin which serves a control. Despite the fact that the extract was able to inhibit the growth of the organisms, the isolates are regarded as resistant to the extract because their ZOI were less than the standard value of resistance which is 14. Phytochemical screening reveals that phenol, flavonoid, saponin, tannin, alkaloid and steroids were present in aqueous and methanol extract of the leaves .More work should be done to test the presence of active metabolites to determine its antibacterial activity.

In Nigeria, a borehole is one of the best means of obtaining clean water in field condition. However, field operations in remote areas or in difficult conditions often require flexibility and imagination in avoiding and solving technical problems. The automated borehole regulator serves as a means to control the pumping of water between predefined upper and lower limits.This system mainly works on a principle that “water conducts electricity”. 5 wires are dipped into the tank with a certain gap between each wire will indicate the different water levels. Based on the outputs of these wires, microcontroller displays water level using LEDs as well as controls the flow of water by controlling the motor of the pump. In the 1st phase, the program is burnt into the microcontroller and the 5 copper wires are used to indicate water level and a motor controls the flow of water. An increase in the water level is determined by the wires and the signal is sent to the microprocessor and afterwards displayed on the LCD screen.The overall system testing of integrated design of voltage measurement device. The testing and integration is done to ensure that the design is functioning properly as expected thereby enabling the intended user(s) for which the project was targeted for, appreciate its implementation and equally approaches used in the design and integration of various modules of the project.