2021

The aim of this paper is to design and develop an IoT based Smart Monitoring System. The purpose of the current method is to create a safe and secure fish farming that helps the fish pond owners in producing high quality fish by maintaining normal water levels in the fish tank. (Sajal Saha, 2007). In order to implement this design, the Atmega 328p microcontroller is used as well assensors and actuators such as the DSB18b20 temperature sensor, HC-sr04 ultrasonic sensor, HC- sr501 motion sensor and a solenoid valve to automate the process of controlling the water quality parameters, such as the water level, temperature which is best at 24-27 oc (Johnson et al.,2007) and PH range which is acceptable at 6.5 to 9.0 (Will Mosley, 2009). These sensor values are stored in cloud so that farmers can see on their mobiles through mobile app or web application anywhere remotely. Android phone is used as the terminal device. A user can monitor the water condition using an android app through Wi-Fi within Wi-Fi range of 2400-2484 MHz and through Internet from anywhere in the world, A significant cost reduction is achieved as a result of farm equipment and water pumps being operated only when required using optimization schemes to maintain desired waterlevel in fish tank with efficient energy consumption through appropriate selection of pumps and tank filling level (Nirosha et al, 2017). The system consists of various sensors that measure important factors of the water like temperature, pH and water level and the data from these sensors can be accessed by an application through firebase (Weber et al, 2010). The farmer can then act as per the information relayed or the model can automatically act on behalf of the farmer as per the predefined actions. The real time information enables timely intervention by the farmers which eventually helps minimizing or eliminate wastages.

With the rising need to maximize passenger’s comfort, especially with the rising demand for selfdriving vehicles, alternatives to the popular passive suspension system have been on the rise. In order to improve the stability of a vehicle and reduce the vibration transferred to the passengers of the vehicle due to different road profiles, it has become necessary to implement a smarter type of suspension system that can respond to different type of road profiles and provide improved damping experience. This type of suspension system is the active suspension system. In order to analyze and simulate an active suspension system, parameters like the sprung and unsprung mass, spring and tire stiffness, damping constant of the damper were accounted for. Then the mathematical model of the system in the time domain was generated. Mathematical model was transformed from the time domain to frequency domain, using the Laplace transform. Then an appropriate controller for stabilizing the system was obtained. The simulated results show that the active suspension system performs better than the passive suspension in terms of settling time, rise time and overshoot and had lesser vibrations was transmitted to the passengers

This project work conducts a study on graduation of mortality rate using difference equation. The study illustrated the use of difference equation with an example solved manually and with the use of SPSS statistical software. The study started by introducing graduation, smoothness, mortality rates and some measures of mortality. We also looked at the methods of graduation, types of graduation and their advantages and disadvantages. We also looked at the test of graduation, where we considered two test which are the sign test and the chi-square test. Furthermore, the study looked at the meaning of difference equation, and we saw a few examples of difference equation. Methods of solving difference equation were also looked into Finally, illustrations were used to show how graduation of mortality rates works and results showed how we can predict ones death by how old he/she lives using the provided datasets.

The power supply in developing countries is practically low owing to the inability of public power plants to meet the demand of its population and this has brought in the need for an
alternative source of electrical power. Where this is the case, a transfer switch is needed to transfer the supply of power from the different sources to the load. A manual transfer switch
requires that a user effects the overall process of power changeover from the different supply sources to the load and this could become cumbersome hence, the need for an automatic transfer switch. The objective of this design centers on sensing the primary/main power supply source, to startup the secondary power source (generator) when the main power supply source fails, shutdown the generator when the main power supply source is restored, to startup the secondary power source when power fluctuations from the main power supply source is detected and to automatically transfer the load to the available power source, thereby making the entire process easy and reliable. The design was carried out with low cost solid state electronic components such as; Relays, transformer, microcontroller, voltage regulator, resistors, capacitors, diodes.

The power supply in developing countries is practically low owing to the inability of public power plants to meet the demand of its population and this has brought in the need for an alternative source of electrical power. Where this is the case, a transfer switch is needed to transfer the supply of power from the different sources to the load. A manual transfer switch requires that a user effects the overall process of power changeover from the different supply sources to the load and this could become cumbersome hence, the need for an automatic transfer switch. The objective of this design centers on sensing the primary/main power supply source, to startup
the secondary power source (generator) when the main power supply source fails, shutdown the generator when the main power supply source is restored, to startup the secondary power source when power fluctuations from the main power supply source is detected and to automatically transfer the load to the available power source, thereby making the entire process easy and reliable. The design was carried out with low cost solid state electronic components such as; Relays, transformer, microcontroller, voltage regulator, resistors, capacitors, diodes

The study was conducted to assess the adherence to haemodialysis and associated factors among end stage renal disease patients in Nephrology unit in a tertiary facility in Benin. The objectives of the study were to ascertain the knowledge of the importance of haemodialysis among ESRD patients, to ascertain the level of adherence to haemodialysis and associated factors by ESRD patients. A descriptive cross sectional survey design was used for the study. The sample of the study consisted of the two hundred patients attending a nephrology unit in tertiary hospital in Benin. The researcher used a standardized instrument known as the End stage renal disease adherence questiinaire (ESRD-AQ) by Kim et al 2010, was administered to the patients and all (200) questionnaires were retrieved. Demographic data was analyzed using descriptive statistics – frequency and percentage, chi-square were used to test for relationship between level of adherence to haemodialysis and level of knowledge, independent samples t-test was used to test the significant difference been level of adherence and gender, multiple logistic regression was used to predict he association between the level of adherence and socio-demographic variables. Majority of the respondents have low knowledge on the importance of haemodialysis. The study showed that most of the respondents 73.5% have low level of adherence to haemodialsys, 20% have moderate level of adherence while 6% of the respondents have high level of adherence to haemodialysis. Factors associated with adherence to haemodialysis is lack of transportation, financial constraint,forgetfulness etc. There is an association (p<0.05) between the level of adherence and level of knowledge. There is no significant difference (p<0.5) between the level of adherence and gender. There is an association (p<0.5) between the level of adherence and socio-demographic characteristics. The study recommended that there is the need for structured teaching programme that will improve the knowledge of patients undergoing hemodialysis regarding dietary management and skin care in renal failure thereby preventing life threatening complication and prolonging their life.

A study was carried out to determine the status of some micronutrients in soil under
Citrus orchard at the University of Benin and to show the relationship between the
selected micronutrients and some soil’s properties. At each location, an area measuring 300 m by 200 m was marked out and the area divided into 3 equal parts. Each part made a replicate, soil sample were collected from 0-15 cm, 15 - 30 cm and 30 - 45 cm soil depths. A total of 18 soil samples were collected and analyzed using approved laboratory techniques Sand did not increase with increased soil depths while Silt and Clay increased significantly with increased soil depths. The pH wasmoderately acidic(5.56-5.70). Total nitrogen was generally low, Available phosphorus and organic was below critical level. Exchangeable bases were below critical level except Na and K which were above critical level. There were negative and significant correlation between the micronutrients and Sand, Clay, Silt, Organic carbon,Calcium, Sodium, Potassium, Total nitrogen and available phosphorus. E.C positive and significant correlation with copper but negative and significant correlated with Iron, Manganese and zinc. pH however negative and significant correlated with Copper, Iron, Manganese but positively and significant correlated with Zinc.

Costumes are symbols of cultural representation and it serves as an element of culture. Aman's culture can be ascertained from the way he is dressed. That is to say, that costume is one of the significant visual aspect of culture. A man learns about his culture from birth, thus culture is the bedrock of every growing or developing society. Culture as it concerns costume is losing it symbolic and cultural significance due to ignorance and other societal factors. It is therefore imperative that this study aims at documenting costume as a symbol of cultural representation using the Emu people of Esan Land as a focal point
through pictorial representation of key persons in a traditional marriage ceremony of the people. The study aims at identifying the costume in marriage ceremonies as a form of cultural identification and to determine measures to be taken to enlighten people on the significance of these costumes to the tradition of the people. In actualizing the aim of this study, interviews were carried out on indigenes of the stated people, visual representation in respect to the pictures of the costumes were used and various related literatures relevant to the study were also used. The study was able to show that there are various types of Esan materials but there a specific fabric used for marriage ceremonies. These costumes are able to display the cultural aesthetics of the people and the social status of the wearer. To preserve the culture, it is recommended that awareness seminars should be held, cultural preservative organisations should be established and the media can play a great role in preserving our cultural heritage

This study examined the worshippers’ satisfaction, spiritual support and switching intention among Christian students in University of Benin, Benin City. The focus of the study was to examine the impact of Worshippers satisfaction on the switching behaviour of Christian students and also to examine the factors (pastor's message, fellowship environment, special programmes, and spiritual support) that motivate worshippers to worship in a particular fellowship. The study used the survey method by administering copies of structured questionnaire to185undergraduate Christian students of University of Benin, Benin City. The data for the study were analyzed using both descriptive statistics such as simple percentages and mean, while inferential statistics (linear regression) was used with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. The research revealed that the rate of worshippers´ switching intention is low in the University of Benin (UNIBEN). This is shown by the switching intention rate of 26.49%; Worshippers consider the following factors (in a descending order): Pulpit Ministry, Spiritual support, Special Programmes, Music Ministry and Fellowship environment as the reasons for switching intention. Fellowship environment is a statistically significant determinant of worshippers´ switching intention in the University of Benin, factors such as Pulpit ministry, special programmes, music ministry and spiritual support are not significant factors that influence worshippers´ switching intention in the University of Benin (UNIBEN); and Demographic variables such as gender, age, level and unit membership, do not significantly influence worshippers´ switching intention.

The research is an assessment of the delivery of low income housing in Nigeria, it analyzes the prospect and challenges of delivery of low income housing in Nigeria and intends to proffer recommendations toward an efficient delivery of low income housing in Nigeria