DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL/ ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

Induction motors, though robust, are prone to electrical and thermal stresses that can cause costly failures, while traditional protection devices are either too slow, prone to nuisance trips, or too expensive for small industries. The problem therefore lies in
the lack of an affordable, reliable, and adaptable protection system that integrates both electrical and thermal monitoring. The aim of the project is to design a micro- controller-based protection system for three-phase induction motors to detect faults
such as single-phasing, under voltage, and overheating. A functional protection system was built using the PIC16F877A micro-controller to achieve real-time monitoring and automatic motor isolation. The design employed ZMPT101B voltage sensors, an ACS712 current sensor, a DS18B20 temperature sensor, LM7805 regulator, ULN2003 driver, relay/contractor, and a 16×2 LCD. The
methodology involved circuit design and simulation, hardware assembly, and programming in Embedded C to process sensor data, and control the relay for fault response for phase failure or for temperature above 60 degrees. The performance of the system was rigorously evaluated through testing in both faulty and normal operating conditions. During fault simulation, the system
accurately identified phase loss, displaying "Phase Failure" on the LCD followed by the specific faulty phase voltages. When the motor temperature exceeded 60°C, the display indicated "Over Temp" and subsequently showed the actual real-time temperature measurement. Conversely, once the faults were cleared and the system was restored to normal operation (with phases at 220V and temperature below 60°C), the LCD confirmed that the Relay was switched ON, reconnecting the motor to the power source. Following this restoration, the system resumed its standard monitoring mode, displaying the actual temperature and operational parameters, thereby proving the system’s reliability in managing transitions between fault detection and safe recovery.

his project focuses on the design and construction of a smart electricity meter using Internet of Things (IoT) technology to enable efficient energy monitoring and management. The system is built around the ESP32 micro\controller, which controls data acquisition, processing, and wireless transmission to the ThingSpeak cloud platform. The PZEM-004T measurement module is employed to accurately measure voltage, current, power, and energy consumption in real time. A DC-DC buck converter provides a regulated power supply, ensuring stable operation of the ESP32 and peripheral components. Data collected by the meter are uploaded to ThingSpeak, where users can visualize live readings, generate graphical trends, and analyze consumption patterns through an interactive dashboard. This allows for remote monitoring, fault detection, and informed decision-making regarding energy usage. The prototype demonstrates reliable performance, high accuracy, and cost-effectiveness compared to conventional meters. By integrating embedded systems with IoT-based cloud services, the developed smart meter promotes efficient power utilization, user awareness, and modern smartgrid compatibility. Overall, the project highlights a practical approach to advancing energy management through low-cost IoT solutions.

This project focuses on the design and implementation of an automatic changeover system integrated with contactors and an Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) for efficient management of a home solar power system. The system is designed to automatically transfer load supply between the solar inverter, utility grid, and generator in the event of power failure or voltage instability, ensuring uninterrupted power delivery to essential household appliances. The control unit employs electromechanical contactors to achieve seamless source selection, while an AVR maintains stable voltage output to prevent damage to sensitive equipment. A timer/delay relay is incorporated to coordinate the switching process, minimize transient currents, and delay the operation of the alarm siren to prevent false triggers during short interruptions. The project also integrates protective circuit breakers to safeguard the system from overloads and short circuits, improving safety and reliability. The overall design emphasizes efficiency, automation, and simplicity, eliminating the need for manual intervention during power transitions. Testing and evaluation were carried out under various load conditions to verify performance. Results confirmed that the system achieves reliable source transfer, stable voltage regulation, and reduced downtime during source changeovers. The project demonstrates a practical and cost-effective solution for domestic solar power management, promoting energy efficiency and dependable power supply in areas with unstable grid systems.

This project looks into the designing and installation of solar PV system to power some appliances in a five bedroom bungalow building. This is necessary because of unreliable power supply. Solar energy is a clean and endless source of power from the sun, unlike electricity from utility companies which can be limited and affect daily activities. In this project, we designed a solar PV system which consists of PV cells, charge controller, inverter, batteries.The size of the solar panels, battery capacity, and other components needed to run the appliances efficiently was calculated. Then testing of each part of the system was carried out to make sure it worked properly before putting it all together. The photovoltaic cells were used to capture sunlight and convert it into electricity. This electricity is then sent to the charge controller and then to the inverter which then charges the batteries. The stored charges in the batteries can be used to power our appliances even when the sun isn’t shining. The system is designed specifically for powering home equipment like fans, light bulbs, fans etc. The final system was tested in the University of Benin, Benin City, (6.3998° N, 5.6099° E). It was successfully used to power some home appliances like light bulb, fan. From the test, graphs of current (amps) against time (hrs) and power (watts) against time (hrs) were plotted it was then observed that at the earlier hours of the day, the current and likewise the power from the panel increases and it is maximum at 1:30pm. It begins to reduce from 2pm. This is due to the reduction of the irradiance of the sun. The weather becomes a bit cloudy and towards evening there is minimal sunlight resulting in lesser current. The more the sunlight, the higher the current and vice versa.This shows that solar power can be a reliable way to run home equipment, even in places with frequent power outages. Overall, the project demonstrates that solar energy has the potential to reduce reliance on traditional electricity from utility companies.

The power supply in developing countries is practically low owing to the inability of public power plants to meet the demand of its population and this has brought in the need for an
alternative source of electrical power. Where this is the case, a transfer switch is needed to transfer the supply of power from the different sources to the load. A manual transfer switch
requires that a user effects the overall process of power changeover from the different supply sources to the load and this could become cumbersome hence, the need for an automatic transfer switch. The objective of this design centers on sensing the primary/main power supply source, to startup the secondary power source (generator) when the main power supply source fails, shutdown the generator when the main power supply source is restored, to startup the secondary power source when power fluctuations from the main power supply source is detected and to automatically transfer the load to the available power source, thereby making the entire process easy and reliable. The design was carried out with low cost solid state electronic components such as; Relays, transformer, microcontroller, voltage regulator, resistors, capacitors, diodes.

There are several uses for real-time image and audio transmission through a remote-controlled agent in telepresence, remote monitoring, surveillance, search and rescue operation, healthcare and medical applications, industrial inspection and maintenance, and education alongside research. Hence, the aim of this work is to develop a real time image and audio transmission using a remotely controlled mechatronic agent.
This study describes a system that combines computer vision, audio processing, and wireless communication to provide real-time multimedia streaming via remotely operated agent. A mobile robotic platform with a camera embedded with a microphone feature that makes up the suggested system, which sends live audio and video data to a distant control center via a wireless network. In order to maximize bandwidth utilization and guarantee low latency and high-quality transmission, sophisticated compression algorithms are used. To improve the clarity of the received data, the system also includes image stabilization and noise reduction. The effectiveness of several communication technologies, including Wi-Fi and 5G, in preserving a steady connection in changing settings is assessed. The recommended system consist of an ES-Custom RC transmitter and receiver for remote control, a lithium battery as the power source, a Standalone
x360 mini camera with motion sensor and flash features for real-time streaming, a TP4056 charger module for battery management alongside a mobile platform being driven by two electric motors where one motor is controlling the front wheel responsible for the forward motion of the prototype and the other electric motor that is responsible for the rotational motion of the aforementioned system, and a servo motor that is responsible for the general motion (which can either be forward, backward, or rotational motion) of the camera system. The TP4056 charger module is connected v to an AC supply power source which has a BMS (Battery Management System) in place to prevent
against overcharge of the system and also over-discharge of the system when it is in use. The power being supplied by the AC source is converted to a DC power source via the TP4056 charger module which charges the two Lithium battery and stores this energy within a voltage range of 3.7 – 4.2 volts, 1 Amp. The Step-up module helps to convert the voltage being provided by the two Lithium batteries to a steady 5 volts which is required by the camera for its utilization. The RV (Remote Vehicle) System contains several chips serving different functions – One of these chips manages the power that comes into the system (the single small black chip), there is a big black chip apart from the two black chips arranged side by side which manages the control and the other black chip is responsible for the light function. The video feedback from the Camera is displayed
on an Android phone device via an app known as V380pro, and this app can be connected through a HotSpot and a Wi-Fi connection alongside with the barcode on the camera system being scanned. The developed system when connected together performed satisfactorily. It will help to monitor an environment via mobile phone in which the system is placed.

This project looks into the designing and installation of solar PV system to power some appliances in a five bedroom bungalow building. This is necessary because of unreliable power supply. Solar energy is a clean and endless source of power from the sun, unlike electricity from utility companies which can be limited and affect daily activities. In this project, we designed a solar PV system which consists of PV cells, charge controller, inverter, batteries.The size of the solar panels, battery capacity, and other components needed to run the appliances efficiently was calculated. Then testing of each part of the system was carried out to make sure it worked properly before putting it all together. The photovoltaic cells were used to capture sunlight and convert it into electricity. This electricity is then sent to the charge controller and then to the inverter which then charges the batteries. The stored charges in the batteries can be used to power our appliances even when the sun isn’t shining. The system is designed specifically for powering home equipment like fans, light bulbs, fans etc. The final system was tested in the University of Benin, Benin City, (6.3998° N, 5.6099° E). It was successfully used to power some home appliances like light bulb, fan. From the test, graphs of current (amps) against time (hrs) and power (watts) against time (hrs) were plotted it was then observed that at the earlier hours of the day, the current and likewise the power from the panel increases and it is maximum at 1:30pm. It begins to reduce from 2pm. This is due to the reduction of the irradiance of the sun. The weather becomes a bit cloudy and towards evening there is minimal sunlight resulting in lesser current. The more the sunlight, the higher the current and vice versa. This shows that solar power can be a reliable way to run home equipment, even in places with frequent power outages. Overall, the project demonstrates that solar energy has the potential to reduce reliance on traditional electricity from utility companies.

This project looks into the designing and installation of solar PV system to power some appliances in a five bedroom bungalow building. This is necessary because of unreliable power supply. Solar energy is a clean and endless source of power from the sun, unlike electricity from utility companies which can be limited and affect daily activities. In this project, we designed a solar PV system which consists of PV cells, charge controller, inverter, batteries.The size of the solar panels, battery capacity, and other components needed to run the appliances efficiently was calculated. Then testing of each part of the system was carried out to make sure it worked properly before putting it all together. The photovoltaic cells were used to capture sunlight and convert it into electricity. This electricity is then sent to the charge controller and then to the inverter which then charges the batteries. The stored charges in the batteries can be used to power our appliances even when the sun isn’t shining. The system is designed specifically for powering home equipment like fans, light bulbs, fans etc. The final system was tested in the University of Benin, Benin City, (6.3998° N, 5.6099° E). It was successfully used to power some home appliances like light bulb, fan. From the test, graphs of current (amps) against time (hrs) and power (watts) against time (hrs) were plotted it was then observed that at the earlier hours of the day, the current and likewise the power from the panel increases and it is maximum at 1:30pm. It begins to reduce from 2pm. This is due to the reduction of the irradiance of the sun. The weather becomes a bit cloudy and towards evening there is minimal sunlight resulting in lesser current. The more the sunlight, the higher the current and vice versa.This shows that solar power can be a reliable way to run home equipment, even in places with frequent power outages. Overall, the project demonstrates that solar energy has the potential to reduce reliance on traditional electricity from utility companies.