A. I. Obanor

This systematic review examines the effectiveness and feasibility of heating and ventilation systems as critical interventions to mitigate substantial post-harvest maize losses in Nigeria, which currently range from 20% to 30%. The core challenge stems from Nigeria's humid, tropical climate, where high temperatures and relative humidity foster pest infestations, microbial growth, and the dangerous production of aflatoxins by Aspergillus species. The study finds that uncontrolled heat, particularly in structures like metal silos, encourages harmful moisture migration and spoilage , while controlled heating remains a potential solution for active grain drying. Ventilation is identified as the key defense mechanism, but its implementation is complicated: traditional natural airflow systems often fail in the humid southern regions, and powered aeration faces significant constraints due to high ambient humidity and an unreliable electricity supply. The analysis concludes that a universal, one-size-fits-all approach to technology dissemination is inappropriate. Success depends on context-specific technology recommendations tailored to Nigeria's distinct agro-ecological zones, differentiated by production scale, and supported by complementary institutional capacity development. There is an urgent research and innovation gap in developing affordable, intelligent ventilation systems specifically designed for local climate zones. Furthermore, successful adoption relies on coupling technology promotion with market development strategies that enable farmers to realize economic premiums for improved grain quality.

This study investigates the technology employed in the production of Type 4 Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) composite cylinders and explores potential improvements to enhance their performance, safety, and cost-effectiveness. Type 4 cylinders, composed of a polymer liner fully wrapped with fiber-reinforced composites, represent the most advanced generation of LPG storage vessels due to their lightweight structure, corrosion resistance, and superior burst strength. Data for the research were obtained through field observations at Don Mac Limited, review of standard operating procedures (SOPs), and engineering simulations. The study analyzed each stage of the production process—from liner molding and surface preparation to filament winding, curing, testing, and inspection—based on ISO 11119-3 and EN 12245 standards. Simulation results revealed that substituting high-density polyethylene (HDPE) liners with polyamide (PA11) and E-glass fibers with hybrid carbon–glass reinforcements increased burst pressure from 50 bar to 70 bar while maintaining a high factor of safety.

Marine pollution is an escalating issue, particularly in shipping operations, where factors such as oil spills, ballast water discharge, and plastic waste pose serious threats to marine ecosystems and global trade. This study seeks to assess the impact of marine pollution on both shipping operations and the marine environment, offering insights into its root causes, consequences, and potential solutions. This thesis describes the nature of marine pollution, its key sources and their effects which brings to light the escalating pollution problem and its consequences on marine biodiversity, fisheries, the economic viability of coastal communities and shipping operations. It highlights the regulatory measures such as Marine Pollution (MARPOL) and the Ballast Water Management Convention. The research methodology employs a descriptive survey design that gathers data from marine engineers, ship operators, port officials and environmental officers. These findings are used to propose solutions such as stricter enforcement of environmental regulations, adoption of sustainable fuels and enhanced waste management strategies. This research emphasizes the dire need for industry-wide cooperation to diminish pollution, balance economic interests with environmental sustainability, and ensure the long-term resilience of both shipping operations and marine environment.

This systematic review examines the effectiveness and feasibility of heating and ventilation systems as critical interventions to mitigate substantial post-harvest maize losses in Nigeria, which currently range from 20% to 30%. The core challenge stems from Nigeria's humid, tropical climate, where high temperatures and relative humidity foster pest infestations, microbial growth, and the dangerous production of aflatoxins by Aspergillus species. The study finds that uncontrolled heat, particularly in structures like metal silos, encourages harmful moisture migration and spoilage , while controlled heating remains a potential solution for active grain drying. Ventilation is identified as the key defense mechanism, but its implementation is complicated: traditional natural airflow systems often fail in the humid southern regions, and powered aeration faces significant constraints due to high ambient humidity and an unreliable electricity supply.