ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS

Marine pollution is an escalating issue, particularly in shipping operations, where factors such as oil spills, ballast water discharge, and plastic waste pose serious threats to marine ecosystems and global trade. This study seeks to assess the impact of marine pollution on both shipping operations and the marine environment, offering insights into its root causes, consequences, and potential solutions. This thesis describes the nature of marine pollution, its key sources and their effects which brings to light the escalating pollution problem and its consequences on marine biodiversity, fisheries, the economic viability of coastal communities and shipping operations. It highlights the regulatory measures such as Marine Pollution (MARPOL) and the Ballast Water Management Convention. The research methodology employs a descriptive survey design that gathers data from marine engineers, ship operators, port officials and environmental officers. These findings are used to propose solutions such as stricter enforcement of environmental regulations, adoption of sustainable fuels and enhanced waste management strategies. This research emphasizes the dire need for industry-wide cooperation to diminish pollution, balance economic interests with environmental sustainability, and ensure the long-term resilience of both shipping operations and marine environment.

Improper waste disposal remains a major environmental challenge in many semi- urban communities in Nigeria, with implications for public health, sanitation, and sustainable development. This study examines public perception of environmental issues and the effectiveness of enforcement mechanisms in managing waste disposal practices in Ekosodin community, located in Ovia North-East Local Government Area of Edo State. Using a mixed-methods approach involving structured questionnaires, interviews, and field observation, the research assesses residents’ awareness of environmental hazards, their attitudes toward waste disposal, and the extent to which existing regulations are understood and adhered to. The study also evaluates the role of local authorities and community-based structures in enforcing environmental laws and promoting responsible waste-handling behavior. Findings reveal significant gaps in public awareness, inadequate enforcement of existing regulations, and socio-economic factors influencing waste disposal practices. The study concludes that strengthening environmental education, improving waste management infrastructure, and enhancing collaborative enforcement strategies between local government and community leaders are critical for promoting sustainable waste management in Ekosodin. Recommendations are provided to guide policymakers and environmental agencies in designing more effective interventions.